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Environmental preferences of sharks bycaught by the tuna purse-seine fishery in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

FISHERIES RESEARCH 2021年 243卷

作者： Diaz-Delgado, Eric Crespo-Neto, Osman Martinez-Rincon, Raul O. Univ Ghent Dept Biol Marine Biol Res Grp Krijgslaan 281-S8 B-9000 Ghent Belgium CONACYT Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste La Paz 23096 Bcs Mexico Fano Marine Ctr Stn Zool Anton Dohrn Dept Integrat Marine Ecol Viale Adriatico 1-N I-61032 Fano Italy

Sharks play important ecological roles in marine ecosystems. However, due to their life-history traits and low resilience, their vulnerability increases with overexploitation. The Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) purse-seine fishery catches several pelagic sharks as bycatch. Therefore, describing the environmental preferences of bycaught sharks is crucial to improve fisheries management. This study aims to describe the environmental preferences and spatiotemporal distribution of most bycaught shark species within the EPO through generalized additive models (GAMs). Results show that the silky shark (C. falciformis) is bycaught in oceanic waters on floating objects, and close to the coast in unassociated and dolphin sets. This species inhabits warm waters with low or high productivity. Oceanic whitetip shark (C. longimanus) is bycaught in warm and oceanic waters with low productivity. Meanwhile, scalloped and smooth hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini & S. zygaena) are bycaught in temperate and productive waters offshore of Peru. The obtained results allowed us to identify hotspots where fisheries management can be implemented, improved, or modified (e.g., temporal closures) for reducing shark bycatch.

关键词： generalized additive models Spatiotemporal distribution Set type Fisheries management Floating objects

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Spatiotemporal distribution of Decapterus maruadsi in spring and autumn in response to environmental variation in the northern South China Sea

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REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE 2021年 45卷

作者： Zhao, Hui Feng, Yuting Dong, Changming Li, Zhonglu Guangdong Ocean Univ Zhanjiang 524088 Peoples R China Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai Zhuhai 519000 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Ocean Modeling & Observat Lab Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China

Understanding relationships between the spatiotemporal variability of fishery resources and marine environmental variables forms the basis of effective development and utilization of the northern South China Sea (NSCS) fishery resources. Decapterus maruadsi is one important pelagic economic fish which inhabits the coastal warm waters of the NSCS. We examine the spatiotemporal distribution and central of gravity (CoG) of D. maruadsi in the NSCS in spring and autumn from 2015 to 2017 with generalized additive models (GAMs), using fishing trawl data, and remote sensed sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface wind (SSW), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), and the sea level anomaly (SLA) data. During spring D. maruadsi occurs mainly in a small area from 110.5-111 degrees E and 18.25-19.25 degrees N, at about 72 m, SST 24.4-26.8 degrees C, SSS 32.9-34.0 PSU, and SLA -0.04 to 0.04 m. During autumn these ranges shift to 112.25-114.E and 20.25-21.25 degrees N, 62 m, 28.5-28.8 degrees C, and 33.4-34.1 PSU, respectively (D. maruadsi was insensitive to SLA during autumn). Accordingly, we deem the most important variables affecting the distribution of this species to be water depth and SSS in spring and SSS in autumn. CPUE of D. maruadsi was high in autumn and low in spring, with the CoG shifting from spring to autumn northwards by 0.4 degrees N and eastwards by 0.7 degrees E. This shift is likely influenced by this species' life habits. Higher D. maruadsi CPUE in 2016 could partly be associated with La Nina and Typhoon climate anomalies. Our results provide a basis for scientific assessment and effective conservation of NSCS fishery resources. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Decapterus maruadsi Environmental factors generalized additive models Northern South China Sea Remote sensing

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All models of satellite-derived phenology are wrong, but some are useful: A case study from northern Australia

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION 2021年 97卷

作者： Younes, Nicolas Joyce, Karen E. Maier, Stefan W. James Cook Univ Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci Townsville Qld Australia James Cook Univ Sch Sci & Engn Townsville Qld Australia James Cook Univ Ctr Trop Water & Aquat Ecosyst Res TropWATER Townsville Qld Australia Charles Darwin Univ Maitec POB U19 Darwin NT 0815 Australia

Satellite-derived phenology (or apparent phenology) is frequently used to illustrate changes in plant phenology (i.e. true phenology) and the effects of climate forcing. However, each study uses a different method to detect phenology. Plant phenology refers to the relationship between the life cycle of plants and weather and climate events. Phenology is often studied in the field, but recently studies have transitioned towards using satellite images to monitor phenology at the plot, country, and continental scales. The problem with this approach is that there is an ever-increasing variety of earth observation satellites collecting data with different spatial, spectral, and temporal characteristics. In this paper we ask if studies that detect phenology using different sensors over the same site produce comparable results. Mangrove forests are one example where different methods have been used to examine their apparent phenology. In general, plant phenology, including mangroves, is described using few individual plants, but continental-scale descriptions of phenological events are scarce or inexistent. Few attempts have been made to describe the phenology of mangroves using satellite imagery, and each study presents a different method. We hypothesize that apparent phenology changes with: 1) areal extent;2) site location;3) frequency of observation;4) spatial resolution;5) temporal coverage;and 6) the number of cloud contaminated observations. Intuitively, one would assume that these hypotheses hold true, yet few studies have investigated this. For example, one would expect that clouds change the observed phenology of vegetation, that the number of species captured at spatial resolution will impact the apparent phenology, or that mangroves in different places display different phenologies, but how are these changes represented in the apparent phenology? We use the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) to examine the changes in the start of season and peak growing season date

关键词： Landsat Sentinel 2 Phenology Time series analysis generalized additive models Apparent phenology Mangroves

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Prescription fill patterns for benzodiazepine and opioid drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

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DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE 2021年第PT A期229卷 109176-109176页

作者： de Dios, Constanza Fernandes, Brisa S. Whalen, Kristine Bandewar, Shruti Suchting, Robert Weaver, Michael F. Selvaraj, Sudhakar Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston McGovern Med Sch Louis A Faillace MD Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci 1941 East Rd Houston TX 77054 USA Bamboo Hlth Louisville KY USA

Background: COVID-19 and resulting mitigation measures in the United States (US) brought about limited access to medical care that has been linked to increases in mental health problems, excessive substance use, and drug overdoses. The increase in co-prescription of benzodiazepines and opioids may indicate population-level changes in health behaviors that can be exacerbated by limited access, hence necessitating the tracking of these drugs during COVID-19. We evaluated the impact of the declaration of COVID-19 as a US national emergency on prescription patterns in 2020. Methods: Prescriptions of benzodiazepines and opioids were analyzed using data aggregated on a weekly basis across 38 states over the January 2019-December 2020 period. Data were from Bamboo Health Prescription Drug Monitoring Program and covered all individuals regardless of insurance status. generalized additive models estimated the effects of the March 13, 2020 declaration on proportion of prescriptions to all controlled substances by comparing volumes before to after the week of March 13 in 2020 (range: January 27-May 24) and comparing this trend to its 2019 counterpart. Results: When comparing the January 27-March 9 period to the March 16-May 24 period in 2020, there was a statistically significant 2.0% increase in the proportion of benzodiazepine dispensations to all controlled substances, and a significant 1.7% mean decrease in proportion of opioid dispensations to all controlled substances. A significant return approaching pre-declaration levels was observed only for opioids (beginning week of May 18, 2020). Conclusions: The results suggest significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on dispensations of benzodiazepines and opioids across the US. Continued monitoring of prescription trends and maintenance of adequate and accessible access to mental healthcare are important for understanding public health crises related to substance use.

关键词： Coronavirus-19 Prescription drugs Benzodiazepines Opioids generalized additive models

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Maximizing accurate detection of divergence from normative expectation in behavioral intervention outcome assessment

Research in Autism

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Research in Autism 2025年 126卷

作者： Thomas W. Frazier Katie Huba Allison R. Frazier Rebecca A. Womack Eric A. Youngstrom Lacey Chetcuti Antonio Y. Hardan Mirko Uljarevic Department of Psychology John Carroll University University Heights OH 44118 United States Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY 13210 United States Autism Speaks New York NY 10016 United States OHElevate LLC and AI-Measures LLC Cleveland OH 44124 United States RAW Consulting Solutions Stilwell OK 74960 United States Institute for Mental and Behavioral Health Research and the Department of Psychiatry Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43205 United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 United States

Behavioral interventions have shown substantial positive effects at the group level in improving the developmental trajectory of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including a wide range of benefits from symptom reductions to skill development. However, there remain pronounced individual differences in the response to interventions and substantial practice variability in the choice and implementation of outcome assessments to evaluate progress for individual cases. Unfortunately, legacy outcome assessments were not specifically designed for the behavioral intervention context or for use with individuals with ASD. Furthermore, legacy instruments have been normed using traditional approaches that are often very inefficient and have limited sensitivity to divergence from neurotypical expectation. Recently, new measures, specifically designed for ASD and related neurodevelopmental conditions, have been developed and revised for use as behavioral intervention outcome assessments. To maximize the value of these measures, the present study aimed to identify optimal norming methods by comparing five distinct continuous norming models. Results indicated that more complex models that include estimation of non-linear age trends fit better and appear to provide more accurate identification of deviation from normative expectation, especially at younger ages where normative data is dense. For some symptom and skill domains, inclusion of sex-specific age-trends was necessary for best fit and most accurate performance. These findings support the use of continuous norming methods using non-linear modeling of developmental trends in the norming of outcome measures for behavioral intervention. Behavior intervention outcome assessments would benefit from implementing these norming approaches to improve the ability to detect deviation from neurotypical symptom and skill levels.

关键词： Norms Behavioral intervention Outcomes Progress monitoring generalized additive models

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Evaluation of energy complementarity in colombia: An analysis of climate variability and non-conventional sources

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Results in Engineering 2025年 27卷

作者： Orlando Joaqui-Barandica Diego F. Manotas-Duque Leonardo Rivera-Cadavid Universidad del Valle Faculty of Engineering School of Industrial Engineering Colombia

This study analyzes the interactions between various sources of energy generation and climate variables in Colombia, using Vector Autoregressive models (VAR) and generalized additive models (GAM). The main objective is to understand the dynamics and complementarity between fossil, hydroelectric, solar and wind energy sources, as well as their relationship with critical climate factors. The results of the VAR model reveal a strong interdependence between fossil and hydroelectric generation. Impulse-response functions show that a shock to fossil generation has a significant and sustained impact on hydropower generation and vice versa, highlighting the role of fossil generation as a backup during periods of water stress. Additionally, patterns of interdependence are observed between fossil generation and renewable sources, especially solar, which is beginning to have a more notable impact on fossil generation. GAM analysis complements these findings by providing a nonlinear perspective on the relationships between variables. Hydroelectric generation is found to be strongly influenced by fossil generation, with a significant negative relationship, suggesting that as hydroelectric generation increases, the need for fossil generation decreases. Furthermore, climatic variables such as solar radiation and water reserves have significant relationships with hydroelectric generation, underlining the dependence of the energy system on climatic conditions. Colombia's energy matrix depends 70 % on hydroelectric generation, which, although sustainable under normal conditions, can become critical during periods of drought. In such scenarios, fossil generation becomes an essential backup. The incorporation of non-conventional renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, is crucial to diversify the energy matrix and improve the resilience of the system.

关键词： Colombia energy system Energy complementarity generalized additive models Renewable energy

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Distribution of Demersal Fishes on Unconsolidated Bottom Habitat of the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Distribution of Demersal Fishes on Unconsolidated Bottom Hab...

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作者： Mostowy, Jason William Texas A&M University

学位级别：硕士

Benthic habitat on the continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) is dominated by large plains of unconsolidated terrigenous sediment. This unconsolidated bottom habitat (UBH) is presumed to be sparsely inhabited by demersal fishes, and little is known about the factors that structure the distribution and abundance of fishes on UBH. In this study, an integrated acoustic/video approach was employed to quantify the distribution of demersal fishes on UBH across the continental shelf off Texas. Split-beam echo sounder surveys were paired with simultaneous video from imaging sonar and standard cameras to determine the occurrence and density of demersal fishes on UBH. The relative performances of the different gear types at detecting and enumerating both demersal fishes and bottom relief anomalies were compared. Occurrence (presence/absence) and density of demersal fishes was then related to a suite of habitat and environmental variables using generalized additive models (GAMs) to identify the variables that contribute to the quality of UBH used by demersal fishes. Standard camera video performed poorly for detection and enumeration of demersal fishes as well as bottom relief anomalies associated with UBH due to the persistent nepheloid layer at all locations surveyed. Echo sounder and imaging sonar surveys showed similar performances in detecting fishes and relief anomalies, but their performance varied in enumerating both variables. GAMs constructed from the echo sounder dataset indicated that a shallow depth, high percent coverage and large size of relief anomalies, low salinity, warmer temperature and closer proximity to non-platform artificial structure positively influenced the quality of UBH for demersal fishes. Close proximity to active petroleum platforms had a slight negative influence. The results of this study provide insight into the factors that regulate the distribution and abundance of demersal fishes in the NGoM, and the methodological refine

关键词： marine ecology fisheries acoustics demersal fishes continental shelf generalized additive models Thesis

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A ‘Sweet Spot’ for Creative Ideation: Non-Linear Associations Between Semantic Distance and Creativity

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The Journal of Creative Behavior 2025年第3期59卷

作者： William Orwig Simone A. Luchini Roger E. Beaty Daniel L. Schacter Department of Psychology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA Department of Psychology Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

Creativity researchers have recently sought to standardize idea assessment via computational measures of semantic distance: the degree of conceptual dissimilarity between words. The relationship between semantic distance and creativity has traditionally been described using linear models, with the embedded assumption that as semantic distance increases, so does the creative quality of ideas. However, informal observations would suggest that distant associations may sometimes become too incoherent or nonsensical to be considered creative. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we explored the non-linear nature of this relationship across three divergent thinking tasks: alternate uses, question asking, and metaphor generation. Our results revealed a consistent pattern: human ratings of creativity increased with semantic distance up to a certain threshold (between 0.9 and 1), after which point, additional semantic distance did not translate into more subjectively creative ideas. These findings provide a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between semantic distance and creativity than previously available, suggesting that the relationship is best characterized as curvilinear rather than linear. This work highlights a potential “sweet spot” for semantic distance in creative ideation and holds important implications for models of creativity.

关键词： creativity divergent thinking generalized additive models semantic distance

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Emergence and spatiotemporal incidence of dengue in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Baes Pereira, Sergiane Conrad Bohm, Bianca dos Reis Gomes, Angelita Aguiar Goncalves, Glenio Campos Pereira Bruhn, Nadia Silva Belo, Vinicius Aguilera-Benavente, Francisco Pascoti Bruhn, Fabio Raphael Univ Fed Pelotas Pelotas Brazil Fed Univ Sao Joao del Rey Divinopolis Brazil Univ Alcala Madrid Spain

This ecological study used surveillance data to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of dengue in RS from 2007 to 2023. The temporal progression and geographic distribution of the cases were analyzed using generalized additive models (GAM), Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and spatiotemporal scan statistics. During the study period, 126,067 dengue cases and 142 deaths were reported, with 80.5% of cases and 85.2% of deaths occurring between 2022 and 2023. The mean incidence rate was 65.3 per 100,000 inhabitants, and the mortality rate was 0.11 per 100,000. The GAM analysis demonstrated a marked escalation in dengue risk beginning in 2019, with pronounced intensification from 2022 onward, indicating an ongoing epidemic. Most cases and fatalities were concentrated in the Northwest Rio Grande and Metropolitan Porto Alegre mesoregions. Significant spatial clusters were detected in the Central Eastern Rio Grande and Central Western Rio Grande mesoregions between 2021 and 2023, encompassing approximately 2.8 million individuals. These findings underscore the critical need to enhance surveillance and implement robust primary-prevention measures. Such measures are vital for curbing the current epidemic and mitigating the risk of future outbreaks. This study provides a detailed epidemiological assessment of dengue expansion in RS, highlighting priority areas for intervention and resource distribution to effectively manage evolving public health threats.

关键词： Dengue Spatiotemporal analysis generalized additive models Rio Grande do Sul Public health Climate change

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Estimating flood quantiles at ungauged sites using nonparametric regression methods with spatial components

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HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL 2019年第9期64卷 1056-1070页

作者： Durocher, Martin Burn, Donald H. Zadeh, Shabnam Mostofi Ashkar, Fahim Univ Waterloo Dept Civil & Environm Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Moncton Dept Math & Stat Moncton NB Canada

Prediction of flood quantiles at ungauged sites is investigated using several nonparametric regression methods including: local regression and generalized additive models (GAM). These methods are used to describe the relationship between runoff variables and catchment descriptors to predict flood quantiles. Previous work reported the presence of spatial correlation in the residuals for these models. To this end, this study proposes and investigates ways of incorporating spatial components. An L-moments regression technique (LRT) is developed to predict L-moments of target sites and flood quantiles are derived by aggregating quantiles from multiple candidate distributions. The predictive power of the proposed methods is evaluated on a large database of Canadian rivers using cross-validation. The results are examined inside different hydrological regions to assess the behaviour of the methods. The results show that GAM and local regression using, respectively, thin plate spline and kriging provide the best predictive powers among the considered methods.

关键词： kriging flood frequency analysis generalized additive models region of influence ungauged site Canada

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