An accurate estimation of wind loads on telecommunication towers is crucial for design,as well as for perform-ing reliability,resilience,and risk *** particular,drag coefficient and interference factor are the most si...
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An accurate estimation of wind loads on telecommunication towers is crucial for design,as well as for perform-ing reliability,resilience,and risk *** particular,drag coefficient and interference factor are the most significant factors for wind load *** tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics(cfd)are the most appropriate methods to estimate these *** wind tunnel tests are generally preferred in practice,they require dedicated facilities and personnel,and can be expensive if multiple configurations of tower panels and antennas need to be tested under various wind directions(e.g.,fragility curve development for system resilience analysis).This paper provides a simple,robust,and easily accessible cfdprotocol with widespread applicability,offering a practical solution in situations where wind tunnel testing is not feasible,such as complex tower configurations or cases where the cost of running experiments for all the tower-antennas configurations is prohibitively *** turbulence models,structural and fluid boundary conditions and mesh types are tested to provide a streamlined cfd modeling strategy that shows good convergence and balances accuracy,computational time,and *** protocol is calibrated and validated with experimental studies available in the *** demonstrate the capabilities of the protocol,three lattice tower panels and antennas with different configurations are analyzed as *** protocol successfully estimates the drag and lateral wind loads and their coefficients under different wind *** differences are observed between the esti-mated wind loads with this protocol and those computed by a simple linear superposition used in most practical applications,indicating the importance of tower-antenna ***,as expected,the wind loads recom-mended by design codes overestimate the simulated *** importantly,the telecommunication design codes inadequate
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