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Association between phthalate exposure and rash eczema disease: based on NHANES 2005-2006

ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2025年第1期317卷 1-10页

作者： Mu, Qiming Hu, Fan Shen, Yingying Zheng, Yong Ye, Xiao Liu, Yufang Hubei Univ Med Renmin Hosp Dept Dermatol 39 Chaoyang Middle Rd Shiyan 442000 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Renmin Hosp Dept Clin Lab Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Renmin Hosp Dept Cardiol Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Taihe Hosp Dept Crit Care Med Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Taihe Hosp Dept Cent Operating Room Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Taihe Hosp Childrens Rehabil Ctr Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China

Phthalates are commonly found in plastic products, personal care products, and food packaging. In recent years, the relationship between phthalates and skin diseases such as eczema has been gaining attention. As endocrine disruptors, phthalates may increase the risk of eczema by affecting the immune system or skin barrier function. This study used a cross-sectional design based on data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the association between phthalate exposure and eczema in adults using generalized linear models, restricted cubic spline plots and weighted quantile sum regression. Eczema diagnosis was determined by participants' self-report of whether they had ever been diagnosed with eczema by doctors. Phthalate exposure was assessed by urinary concentrations of phthalates. A total of 1203 subjects, aged 18 years and over, were recruited for the study, comprising 627 males and 576 females. We found that females had significantly higher phthalate exposure concentrations than males. There was a significant positive correlation between monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP) and eczema. Mixture analysis similarly found a positive correlation between phthalates and rash eczema, and MiNP was the main contributor. Further sex-stratified analyses showed that this association occurred predominantly in females, while no significant association was found in the male population. Phthalates may have adverse effects on skin health, particularly in women. Future studies should further investigate the mechanisms of this association and focus on other types of phthalates and their effects on skin health.

关键词： Phthalates Rash eczema generalized linear model Restricted cubic spline Weighted quantile sum NHANES Female Risk

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Multi-task learning via robust regularized clustering with non-convex group penalties

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STATISTICS AND COMPUTING 2025年第1期35卷 1-27页

作者： Okazaki, Akira Kawano, Shuichi Kyushu Univ Grad Sch Math 744 MotookaNishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan Kyushu Univ Fac Math 744 MotookaNishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to improve estimation and prediction performance by sharing common information among related tasks. One natural assumption in MTL is that tasks are classified into clusters based on their characteristics. However, existing MTL methods based on this assumption often ignore outlier tasks that have large task-specific components or no relation to other tasks. To address this issue, we propose a novel MTL method called Multi-Task Learning via Robust Regularized Clustering (MTLRRC). MTLRRC incorporates robust regularization terms inspired by robust convex clustering, which is further extended to handle non-convex and group-sparse penalties. The extension allows MTLRRC to simultaneously perform robust task clustering and outlier task detection. The connection between the extended robust clustering and the multivariate M-estimator is also established. This provides an interpretation of the robustness of MTLRRC against outlier tasks. An efficient algorithm based on a modified alternating direction method of multipliers is developed for the estimation of the parameters. The effectiveness of MTLRRC is demonstrated through simulation studies and application to real data.

关键词： generalized linear model Multi-task learning Multivariate M-estimator Outlier task Regularization Robust convex clustering

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Targeted therapy with a localized abluminal groove low-dose sirolimus-eluting bioabsorbable polymer coronary stent in chronic total occlusions: The TARGET CTO non-inferiority randomized trial

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AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 2025年 285卷 93-104页

作者： Wang, Geng Zhang, Ruiyan Chen, Shao-Liang Wang, Jian'an Li, Yi Zheng, Ming Cao, Ruifen Ma, Yitong Sun, Zhiqi Li, Xueqi Su, Xi Lu, Wen Xu, Yawei Li, Xue Li, Yang Sun, Fucheng Han, Yaling Gen Hosp Northern Theater Command Cardiovasc Res Inst State Key Lab Frigid Zone Cardiovasc Dis Shenyang Peoples R China Gen Hosp Northern Theater Command Dept Cardiol Shenyang Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Ruijin Hosp Dept Cardiol Shanghai Peoples R China Nanjing Med Univ Nanjing Hosp 1 Dept Cardiol Nanjing Peoples R China Second Affiliated Hosp Zhejiang Univ Sch Med Dept Gastroenterol Hangzhou Peoples R China Shanghai MicroPort Med Grp Co Ltd Clin Sci & Med Affairs Dept Shanghai Peoples R China First Affiliated Hosp Xinjiang Med Univ Dept Cardiol Urumqi Peoples R China Daqing Oilfield Gen Hosp Dept Cardiol Daqing Heilongjiang Peoples R China Fourth Affiliated Hosp Harbin Med Univ Dept Ophthalmol Harbin Peoples R China Wuhan Asia Heart Hosp Dept Cardiol Wuhan Peoples R China Xuzhou Cent Hosp Dept Cardiol Xuzhou Peoples R China Shanghai Tenth Peoples Hosp Dept Cardiol Shanghai Peoples R China AF Mil Med Univ Tangdu Hosp Dept Cardiol Xian Peoples R China Beijing Hosp Dept Cardiol Beijing Peoples R China

Background Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of a drug-eluting stent featuring an abluminal bioabsorbable sirolimus-containing polymer coating (BP-SES) with an everolimus-eluting stent with a durable polymer (DPEES) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs). Methods TARGET CTO is a multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial that randomized patients to either BP-SES or DP-EES in a 1:1 fashion following successful CTO re-canalization. The primary endpoint that was powered for noninferiority assessment is in-stent late lumen loss (LLL) at 12 months. Results A total of 206 subjects underwent randomization, with 103 assigned to the BP-SES group and 103 to the DP-EES group. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were comparable. The primary endpoint demonstrated noninferiority for the BP-SES group compared to the DP-EES group (0.21 +/- 0.43 mm vs 0.21 +/- 0.33 mm;P = . 934, 2-sided;difference 0.01mm [BP-SES minus DP-EES];95% CI:-0.13 to 0.12 mm;p noninferiority < .001,1-sided). No significant differences were observed in secondary angiographic or clinical endpoints. The rates of 12-month in-stent and in-segment binary restenosis in the BP-SES group and the DP-EES group were similar (6.8% vs 7.5%, P = . 86;and 8.1% vs 8.8%;P = . 89, respectively). Although there was a trend favoring the BP-SES group, the difference between the BP-SES group and DP-EES group at 12 months in target lesion failure (2.1% vs 8.0%, P = . 054) and target lesion revascularization (2.1% vs 7.1%, P = . 089) did not reach statistical significance. No definite or probable stent thromboses were reported in either group. Conclusions Compared to DP-EES, PCI of CTOs with BP-SES showed similar results in terms of late loss and binary restenosis at the 12-month follow-up. Clinical Trial ***, number NCT03040934 (Am HeartJ 2025;285:93-104.)

关键词： Coronary artery disease bioabsorbable polymer percutaneous coronary intervention chronic total occlusion CTO chronic total occlusion PCI percutaneous coronary intervention BMS bare metal stent DES drug-eluting stent DP-EES durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stents BP-SES bioabsorbable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents LLL late lumen loss QCA quantitative coronary angiography PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty IWRS interactive web response system MLD minimum lumen diameter TVR target vessel revascularization ID-TLR ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization TLF target lesion failure MI myocardial infarction ITT intention-to-treat SD standard deviation GLM generalized linear model HR hazard ratio CI confidence interval CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society

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Commercial pot selectivity for European lobster, Homarus gammarus, estimated through a novel v-notching mark-recapture approach

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FISHERIES RESEARCH 2025年 282卷

作者： Heney, Charlotte Gross, Julie M. Hoenig, John M. Hold, Natalie Bangor Univ Sch Ocean Sci Askew StMenai Bridge Anglesey LL59 5AB Wales William & Mary Virginia Inst Marine Sci POB 1346 Gloucester Point VA 23062 USA

Understanding gear selectivity can improve interpretation of population size data derived from commercial landings and support stock assessment models. The selectivity of gear over time often evolves, either due to industry modifications or as the result of implemented management regulations. Such gear modifications can be utilised to better target desired sizes of commercial species or to mitigate against bycatch issues. Most of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus, fishers use parlour pots and often utilise an escape gap to allow undersized animals and bycatch to exit. To quantify the gear selectivity of commercial parlour pots with and without escape gaps we utilise v-notching, as a novel approach to mark and recapture. Across both gear types, a total of 933 lobsters were notched (all sizes and both sexes) and 316 were recaught (34 %). A generalised linear model framework was applied to estimate selectivity which considered the interaction between size and sex of lobsters. Gear with escape gaps showed that males exhibit a dome-shaped selectivity curve, with the peak at 100-109 mm carapace length (CL) whereas females were less catchable for all size categories except for the smallest size class of 80-89 mm CL. Gear without escape gaps predominantly selected for small animals of both sexes (<90 mm) but, again, males exhibit a dome-shaped selectivity, with a peak at 80-89 mm (CL). This indicates that pots with escape gaps clearly select for legal-sized animals (>90 mm) for both sexes. This novel use of v-notching in markrelease-recapture surveys demonstrates the potential to quantify the efficacy of the gear used in the fleet and shows the scientific benefit of utilising current fishery management measures and fisher collaboration.

关键词： Gear selectivity Notching program generalized linear model Sex effect Crustacean fishery

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Acute effects of air pollutants on influenza-like illness in Hangzhou, China

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-9页

作者： Lv, Ye Xu, Hong Sun, Zhou Liu, Muwen Xu, Shanshan Wang, Jing Li, Chaokang Ye, Hui Yang, Xuhui Hangzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Hangzhou Hlth Supervis Inst Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Ecol & Environm Monitoring Ctr Hangzhou Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

At present, with increasing awareness of the relationship between respiratory disease and air pollution, it is critical to assess the environmental risk factors for influenza. This study aimed to estimate the associations between ambient air pollution and the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Hangzhou, China, from 2015 to 2021. Weekly meteorological data, including average ambient temperature and average relative humidity, from December 29, 2014 to January 2, 2022 were collected from the Hangzhou Meteorological Service Center, and air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ground-level ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and PM with aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10), were collected from National Ambient Air Quality Automatic Monitoring Stations in Hangzhou. The number of weekly ILI cases was collected from 15 influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Hangzhou. A generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression was adopted to estimate the association between air pollution and ILI. After adjusting for the effects of average temperature, relative humidity, and seasonal and long-term trends, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 were found to be significantly associated with the number of ILI cases, with relative risk (RR) values of 1.018 (95% CI 1.001-1.036), 1.016 (1.005-1.028), 1.063 (1.067-1.364), and 1.207 (1.067-1.364), respectively. In the two-pollutant model, putting PM2.5, PM10, NO2, or SO2 into the model separately with O3 produced results similar to those of the single-pollutant model. PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 have statistical significance in cold seasons, with the RR values of 1.020 (95% CI 1.001-1.038), 1.012 (95% CI 1.000-1.024), and 1.060 (95% CI 1.031-1.090), respectively. In summary, our study found that most air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) have a significant association with the risk of ILI cases in Hangzhou. These findings can serve as a reference

关键词： Air pollution Influenza-like illness generalized linear model Environmental epidemiology

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Integrative subgroup analysis for high-dimensional mixed-type multi-response data

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TEST 2025年第1期34卷 151-197页

作者： Song, Shuyang Wu, Jiaqi Zhang, Weiping Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Management Hefei Peoples R China

Identifying subgroup structures presents an intriguing challenge in data analysis. Various methods have been proposed to divide the population into subgroups based on individual heterogeneity. However, these methods often fail to accommodate mixed multi-responses and high-dimensional covariates. This article considers the problem of high-dimensional mixed multi-response data with heterogeneity and sparsity. We introduce an integrative subgroup analysis approach with general linear models, accounting for heterogeneity through unobserved latent factors across different responses and sparsity due to high-dimensional covariates. Our approach automatically divides observations into subgroups while identifying significant covariates using non-convex penalty functions. We develop an algorithm that combines the alternating direction method of multipliers with the coordinate descent algorithm for implementation. Additionally, we establish the oracle property of the estimator, illustrating consistent identification of latent subgroups and significant covariates. The efficacy of our method is further validated through numerical simulations and a case study on a randomized clinical trial for buprenorphine maintenance treatment in opiate dependence.

关键词： Subgroup identification Variable selection generalized linear model ADMM

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The Month-to-Year Precursory and Synchronous Inherent Connections between Global Oceanic Modes and Extreme Precipitation over China

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ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2025年 1-20页

作者： Liu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yu He, Bian Liu, Yimin Wu, Guoxiong Xu, Jianjun Bao, Qing Hu, Wenting Mao, Jiangyu Guangdong Ocean Univ Coll Ocean & Meteorol Lab Coastal Ocean Variat & Disaster Predict Zhanjiang 524088 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys Lab Earth Syst Numer Modeling & Applicat Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geoph Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Coll Earth & Planetary Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Guangdong Ocean Univ Shenzhen Inst Shenzhen 518120 Peoples R China

The multiscale variability in summer extreme persistent precipitation (SEPP) in China from 1961 to 2020 was investigated via three extreme precipitation indices: consecutive wet days, total precipitation amount, and daily precipitation intensity. The relationships between precursory and concurrent global oceanic modes and SEPP were identified via a generalized linear model (GLM). The influence of oceanic modes on SEPP was finally investigated via numerical simulations. The results revealed that the climatological SEPP (>= 14 days) mainly appears across the Tibetan Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and South China coast. The first EOF mode for all three indices showed strong signals over the Yangtze River. Further analysis via the GLM suggested that the positive phases of the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) in autumn, ENSO in winter, the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) in spring, and the western North Pacific (WNP) in summer emerged as the most effective precursory factors of SEPP, which could serve as preceding signals for future predictions, contributing 30.2%, 36.4%, 38.0%, and 55.6%, respectively, to the GLM. Sensitivity experiments revealed that SST forcing in all four seasons contributes to SEPP over China, whereas the winter and summer SST warming over the Pacific and Indian Ocean (IO) contributes the most. Diagnosis of the hydrological cycle suggested that water vapor advection predominantly originates from the western Pacific and IO in summer, driven by the strengthened subtropical high and Asian summer monsoon (ASM). The enhanced vertical water vapor transport is attributed to stronger upward motion across all four seasons. These findings are helpful for better understanding SEPP variabilities and their prediction under SST warming.

关键词： extreme precipitation Asian summer monsoon consecutive wet days oceanic modes generalized linear model ENSO

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Unveiling the drivers of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in China: A comprehensive ecological study

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INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2025年第1期4卷 100159-100159页

作者： Wang, Jiongjiong Li, Xiaoying Du, Xinying Jia, Huiqun Chen, Hui Wu, Jian Duan, Guangcai Yang, Haiyan Wang, Ligui Zhengzhou Univ Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Peoples R China Chinese PLA Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Beijing 100071 Peoples R China

Background: Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are now considered a global public health issue. In this study, we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic factors. Methods: This retrospective study was performed between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2021. Data covering the consumption of vancomycin, the prevalence of vancomycin resistance, and relevant demographics were collected. Spearman's rank correlation, beta regression, and spatial statistical analysis were performed using R version 4.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.7. Results: Spearman's rank correlation described the positive relation between vancomycin consumption and the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm). Multiple regression analysis showed that vancomycin consumption, rural population, proportion of population aged >= 65, annual temperature, and bed number in medical institutions per thousand people were significantly correlated with VREfm prevalence (r = 56.22, p < 0.001;r = 0.0002, p < 0.001;r = 0.06, p < 0.001;r = -0.07, p < 0.001;and r = -0.37, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Vancomycin utilization was the predominant factor contributing to VREfm resistance;the effects of rural populations and the proportion of the population aged >= 65 were significant but relatively minimal. Annual temperature and the number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people were protective factors against VREfm.

关键词： Vancomycin-resistance Enterococcus generalized linear model Beta regression

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Physician Effects in Critical Care: A Causal Inference Approach Through Propensity Weighting with Parametric and Super Learning Methods

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Journal of Data Science 2025年第1期23卷 130-148页

作者： Bian, Yuan Shi, Yu Guo, Hui Yi, Grace Y. He, Wenqing Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences University of Western Ontario London ON Canada Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London ON Canada

Physician performance is critical to caring for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), who are in life-threatening situations and require high level medical care and interventions. Evaluating physicians is crucial for ensuring a high standard of medical care and fostering continuous performance improvement. The non-randomized nature of ICU data often results in imbalance in patient covariates across physician groups, making direct comparisons of the patients’ survival probabilities for each physician misleading. In this article, we utilize the propensity weighting method to address confounding, achieve covariates balance, and assess physician effects. Due to possible model misspecification, we compare the performance of the propensity weighting methods using both parametric models and super learning methods. When the generalized propensity or the quality function is not correctly specified within the parametric propensity weighting framework, super learning-based propensity weighting methods yield more efficient estimators. We demonstrate that utilizing propensity weighting offers an effective way to assess physician performance, a topic of considerable interest to hospital administrators. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： generalized linear model machine learning maximum likelihood

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Spatial econometric modeling of socioeconomic vulnerability and flood impact: Towards a risk-layering approach in southern Malawi

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2025年 121卷

作者： Carral, Carolina Ferman Bockarjova, Marija van den Homberg, Marc Osei, Frank Kerle, Norman Univ Twente Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC Hallenweg 8 NL-7522 NH Enschede Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Inst Environm Studies IVM Boelelaan 1111 NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands 510 Initiat Netherlands Red Cross Anna Van Saksenl NL-2593 HT The Hague Netherlands

As climate-related disasters escalate, particularly in vulnerable communities in the Global South effective risk management strategies become necessary. The objective of this work was to examine the spatial dependencies between socioeconomic vulnerability and flood impacts in Southern Malawi, merging geospatial methods with econometric modeling. The analysis revealed significant spatial dependencies and spillover effects from data in the Unified Beneficiary Register, Malawi Census, and Rapid Damage Assessments from the 2020 and 2022 floods. Moran's I analysis emphasized the need to account for those spatial spillover effects. The spatial econometric framework, represented by a spatial lag variable in the Spatial generalized linear model, captured these dependencies effectively. Expected associations emerged between flood impacts and socioeconomic indicators such as wealth, education, and household savings, suggesting that economically secure households are less vulnerable. However, unexpected correlations also appeared: food security was positively associated with flood impact, while disability occurrence showed a negative association. These findings challenge resilience assumptions and raise concerns about data accuracy and aftershock dynamics. Insights highlight the need for DRM strategies that incorporate exposure and socioeconomic indicators, along with improved data collection to ensure vulnerable groups are adequately represented. Despite challenges from data scarcity and spatial granularity, this study demonstrates the potential of Spatial Econometric models to identify spatially interconnected vulnerabilities. The approach can be transferred to other contexts, but further research is needed to refine spatial resolutions and ensure actionable vulnerability characterizations. Integrating spatial dependencies into risk assessments highlights the need for spatially explicit policy interventions to strengthen resilience and advance risklayering strategies.

关键词： Spatial econometric modeling Flood impact Social vulnerability generalized linear model Spatial dependency

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