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Effect of PM2.5 and its constituents on hospital admissions for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Urumqi, China

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-15页

作者： Wu, Di Li, Cheng Shi, Yu Han, Junjie Lu, Yaoqin Yilihamu, Yilipa Zheng, Yanling Zhang, Liping Xinjiang Med Univ Inst Med Engn & Interdisciplinary Res Coll Med Engn & Technol Urumqi Peoples R China Xinjiang Med Univ Sch Publ Hlth Urumqi Peoples R China Xinjiang Med Univ Affiliated Hos 1 Urumqi Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Sch Nursing & Publ Hlth Yangzhou Peoples R China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Urumqi Urumqi Peoples R China

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is caused by two or more of the diseases ischemic heart disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and stroke, and therefore requires more hospitalization and healthcare costs. However, few studies have investigated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents and the risk of hospital admissions for CMM. We aimed to study these associations in Urumqi, a representative area in northwest China. The effect of PM2.5 and its constituents on the hospital admissions for CMM was determined using the quantile-based g-computation (QBGC) and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) method, in which the constituents with the greatest effect on the hospital admissions for CMM were ranked as NO3- > SO42- > NH4+ > BC > OM. Among all constituents, NO3- presented the highest risk, with the largest effect observed at lag 21-day at the maximum concentration (RR = 2.079, 95% CI: 1.396-3.097). Per IQR increase in NO3- had the significantly effect on hospital admissions for IHD (RR = 1.079, 95% CI: 1.028-1.132) and on hospital admissions for CMM (RR = 1.094, 95% CI: 1.039-1.152). Female patients hospitalized for CMM indicated heightened sensitivity to elevated NO3- levels (RR = 1.170, 95% CI: 1.077-1.271). The interaction between the high concentrations of PM2.5 and its constituents with low temperature, high relative humidity (RH), and low sunshine duration (SSD) significantly affected hospital admissions for CMM. Additionally, cold waves, defined as the minimum temperature of below P-2.5 and sustained for 5 days (CW5), intensified the interaction with PM2.5 and its constituents.

关键词： Cardiometabolic multimorbidity Time-stratified case-crossover design generalized linear model Bayesian kernel machine regression Mixture exposure

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generalized geographically and temporally weighted regression

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COMPUTERS ENVIRONMENT AND URBAN SYSTEMS 2025年 117卷

作者： Yu, Hanchen Chongqing Univ Sch Management Sci & Real Estate Chongqing Peoples R China

This paper proposes generalized Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GGTWR) to address the limitations of Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR). The proposed GGTWR framework encompasses various generalized linear models, e.g. Poisson regression, negative binomial regression, and other models of the exponential distribution family. The paper also shows the classic GTWR bandwidth search algorithm is not suitable for GGTWR and proposes a new bandwidth search algorithm for GGTWR. Several simulation experiments are used to prove that GGTWR can effectively capture spatiotemporal non-stationary. The GGTWR framework enables the estimation of varying regression coefficients that capture spatial and temporal heterogeneity for generalized linear relationships, providing a comprehensive understanding of how predictor variables influence the response variable across different locations and time periods. An application to interprovincial population migration in China using 2005-2020 census data demonstrates the interpretability of the GGTWR framework. GGTWR provides a flexible modeling approach that more accurately explains real-world phenomena.

关键词： Geographically and temporally weighted regression generalized linear model Spatiotemporal non-stationarity

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Spatiotemporal clusters of acute respiratory infections associated with socioeconomic, meteorological, and air pollution factors in South Punjab, Pakistan

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BMC PUBLIC HEALTH 2025年第1期25卷 1-16页

作者： Fatima, Munazza Butt, Ibtisam Mohammadebrahimi, Shahab Kiani, Behzad Gruebner, Oliver Islamia Univ Bahawalpur Dept Geog Bahawalpur Pakistan Univ Punjab Inst Geog Lahore Pakistan Mashhad Univ Med Sci Sch Med Dept Med Informat Mashhad Iran Univ Montreal ESPUM Sch Publ Hlth Dept Social & Prevent Med Montreal PQ Canada Univ Queensland Fac Hlth Med & Behav Sci Ctr Clin Res Brisbane Australia Univ Lucerne Fac Hlth Sci & Med Luzern Switzerland

BackgroundIn Pakistan, acute respiratory infections (ARI) continue to be a major public health problem. However, there is still a lack of scholarly work regarding different environmental and socioeconomic influencing factors and how they interact with respiratory infections. Furthermore, we do not know much about geographic variation in this context. Therefore, our study examines the ecological-level spatial and temporal patterns of acute respiratory infection incidence (ARI) and their geographic relationship with selected socio-economic, meteorological, and air pollution factors in *** applied the spatiotemporal scan statistics to examine the purely temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal clusters of ARI in South Punjab, Pakistan for five years (2016-2020). generalized linear model (GLM) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were also applied to model the linear and non-linear spatial relationships between selected variables and *** results indicate that in the central and northern regions of Pakistan, two spatial clusters of ARI were present, accounting for 28.5% of the total cases. A spatiotemporal cluster with a relative risk of 1.57 was discovered in the northeastern area. The results obtained from the season-based GLM highlighted the significance of climatic factors (temperature, fog, dust storms) and air pollutants (NO2) in influencing ARI incidence, while socio-economic variables (rural population, literacy) had limited impact. In addition, GWR revealed that the relationships between predictors and ARI incidence varied across locations, emphasizing the importance of considering local settings. Season-based non-stationary GLM revealed a multifaceted interaction among socio-economic, meteorological, and air pollution *** study provides evidence about environmental and socio-economic factors significantly associated with ARI incidence. In addition, this study provides the first baseline of ARI cases in Pakistan

关键词： Acute respiratory infections Space-time clustering generalized linear model Geographically weighted regression Pakistan

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Spatial econometric modeling of socioeconomic vulnerability and flood impact: Towards a risk-layering approach in southern Malawi

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2025年 121卷

作者： Carral, Carolina Ferman Bockarjova, Marija van den Homberg, Marc Osei, Frank Kerle, Norman Univ Twente Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC Hallenweg 8 NL-7522 NH Enschede Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Inst Environm Studies IVM Boelelaan 1111 NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands 510 Initiat Netherlands Red Cross Anna Van Saksenl NL-2593 HT The Hague Netherlands

As climate-related disasters escalate, particularly in vulnerable communities in the Global South effective risk management strategies become necessary. The objective of this work was to examine the spatial dependencies between socioeconomic vulnerability and flood impacts in Southern Malawi, merging geospatial methods with econometric modeling. The analysis revealed significant spatial dependencies and spillover effects from data in the Unified Beneficiary Register, Malawi Census, and Rapid Damage Assessments from the 2020 and 2022 floods. Moran's I analysis emphasized the need to account for those spatial spillover effects. The spatial econometric framework, represented by a spatial lag variable in the Spatial generalized linear model, captured these dependencies effectively. Expected associations emerged between flood impacts and socioeconomic indicators such as wealth, education, and household savings, suggesting that economically secure households are less vulnerable. However, unexpected correlations also appeared: food security was positively associated with flood impact, while disability occurrence showed a negative association. These findings challenge resilience assumptions and raise concerns about data accuracy and aftershock dynamics. Insights highlight the need for DRM strategies that incorporate exposure and socioeconomic indicators, along with improved data collection to ensure vulnerable groups are adequately represented. Despite challenges from data scarcity and spatial granularity, this study demonstrates the potential of Spatial Econometric models to identify spatially interconnected vulnerabilities. The approach can be transferred to other contexts, but further research is needed to refine spatial resolutions and ensure actionable vulnerability characterizations. Integrating spatial dependencies into risk assessments highlights the need for spatially explicit policy interventions to strengthen resilience and advance risklayering strategies.

关键词： Spatial econometric modeling Flood impact Social vulnerability generalized linear model Spatial dependency

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Association between phthalate exposure and rash eczema disease: based on NHANES 2005-2006

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ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2025年第1期317卷 1-10页

作者： Mu, Qiming Hu, Fan Shen, Yingying Zheng, Yong Ye, Xiao Liu, Yufang Hubei Univ Med Renmin Hosp Dept Dermatol 39 Chaoyang Middle Rd Shiyan 442000 Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Renmin Hosp Dept Clin Lab Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Renmin Hosp Dept Cardiol Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Taihe Hosp Dept Crit Care Med Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Taihe Hosp Dept Cent Operating Room Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China Hubei Univ Med Taihe Hosp Childrens Rehabil Ctr Shiyan 442000 Hubei Peoples R China

Phthalates are commonly found in plastic products, personal care products, and food packaging. In recent years, the relationship between phthalates and skin diseases such as eczema has been gaining attention. As endocrine disruptors, phthalates may increase the risk of eczema by affecting the immune system or skin barrier function. This study used a cross-sectional design based on data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the association between phthalate exposure and eczema in adults using generalized linear models, restricted cubic spline plots and weighted quantile sum regression. Eczema diagnosis was determined by participants' self-report of whether they had ever been diagnosed with eczema by doctors. Phthalate exposure was assessed by urinary concentrations of phthalates. A total of 1203 subjects, aged 18 years and over, were recruited for the study, comprising 627 males and 576 females. We found that females had significantly higher phthalate exposure concentrations than males. There was a significant positive correlation between monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP) and eczema. Mixture analysis similarly found a positive correlation between phthalates and rash eczema, and MiNP was the main contributor. Further sex-stratified analyses showed that this association occurred predominantly in females, while no significant association was found in the male population. Phthalates may have adverse effects on skin health, particularly in women. Future studies should further investigate the mechanisms of this association and focus on other types of phthalates and their effects on skin health.

关键词： Phthalates Rash eczema generalized linear model Restricted cubic spline Weighted quantile sum NHANES Female Risk

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Multi-task learning via robust regularized clustering with non-convex group penalties

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STATISTICS AND COMPUTING 2025年第1期35卷 1-27页

作者： Okazaki, Akira Kawano, Shuichi Kyushu Univ Grad Sch Math 744 MotookaNishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan Kyushu Univ Fac Math 744 MotookaNishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to improve estimation and prediction performance by sharing common information among related tasks. One natural assumption in MTL is that tasks are classified into clusters based on their characteristics. However, existing MTL methods based on this assumption often ignore outlier tasks that have large task-specific components or no relation to other tasks. To address this issue, we propose a novel MTL method called Multi-Task Learning via Robust Regularized Clustering (MTLRRC). MTLRRC incorporates robust regularization terms inspired by robust convex clustering, which is further extended to handle non-convex and group-sparse penalties. The extension allows MTLRRC to simultaneously perform robust task clustering and outlier task detection. The connection between the extended robust clustering and the multivariate M-estimator is also established. This provides an interpretation of the robustness of MTLRRC against outlier tasks. An efficient algorithm based on a modified alternating direction method of multipliers is developed for the estimation of the parameters. The effectiveness of MTLRRC is demonstrated through simulation studies and application to real data.

关键词： generalized linear model Multi-task learning Multivariate M-estimator Outlier task Regularization Robust convex clustering

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Assessing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in a Diverse Cohort with Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2025年 280卷 114504-114504页

作者： Watson, Ashleigh Young, Chelsea Ihekweazu, Faith D. Texas Childrens Hosp Baylor Coll Med Dept Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr Houston TX USA

Objective To identify racial and ethnic disparities in disease phenotype, treatment, and outcome in a diverse cohort of children with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Study design Patients aged 7 through 18 with IBD diagnosed at a single institution between March 2020 and June 2021 with self- or parent-identified race and ethnicity of non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH-White, or Hispanic were included. Demographics, Centers for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability Index, Childhood Opportunity Index, disease phenotype, time to diagnosis, treatment, and health care utilization were compared between the racial and ethnic groups. Results Ninety-seven patients were included. A total of 18.6% of the cohort self- or parent-identified as NH-Black, 53.6% as NH-White, and 27.8% as Hispanic. Ulcerative colitis was found to be significantly more common in Hispanic patients. Hispanic patients were also significantly more likely to be hospitalized at time of diagnosis and have more emergency department visits within 2 years of diagnosis compared with non-Hispanic White patients. Conclusions Race and ethnicity may affect the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric IBD, and these findings should serve as a foundation for establishing equitable care. Larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings.

关键词： IBD ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease African American black latinx caucasian bias socioeconomic diversity income equality CD Crohn's disease COI Childhood Opportunity Index ED Emergency department GI Gastroenterology GLM generalized linear model IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IBD-U IBD-unclassified NH Non-Hispanic SDH Social determinants of health SVI Social Vulnerability Index TCH Texas Children's Hospital UC Ulcerative colitis

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Targeted therapy with a localized abluminal groove low-dose sirolimus-eluting bioabsorbable polymer coronary stent in chronic total occlusions: The TARGET CTO non-inferiority randomized trial

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AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 2025年 285卷 93-104页

作者： Wang, Geng Zhang, Ruiyan Chen, Shao-Liang Wang, Jian'an Li, Yi Zheng, Ming Cao, Ruifen Ma, Yitong Sun, Zhiqi Li, Xueqi Su, Xi Lu, Wen Xu, Yawei Li, Xue Li, Yang Sun, Fucheng Han, Yaling Gen Hosp Northern Theater Command Cardiovasc Res Inst State Key Lab Frigid Zone Cardiovasc Dis Shenyang Peoples R China Gen Hosp Northern Theater Command Dept Cardiol Shenyang Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Med Ruijin Hosp Dept Cardiol Shanghai Peoples R China Nanjing Med Univ Nanjing Hosp 1 Dept Cardiol Nanjing Peoples R China Second Affiliated Hosp Zhejiang Univ Sch Med Dept Gastroenterol Hangzhou Peoples R China Shanghai MicroPort Med Grp Co Ltd Clin Sci & Med Affairs Dept Shanghai Peoples R China First Affiliated Hosp Xinjiang Med Univ Dept Cardiol Urumqi Peoples R China Daqing Oilfield Gen Hosp Dept Cardiol Daqing Heilongjiang Peoples R China Fourth Affiliated Hosp Harbin Med Univ Dept Ophthalmol Harbin Peoples R China Wuhan Asia Heart Hosp Dept Cardiol Wuhan Peoples R China Xuzhou Cent Hosp Dept Cardiol Xuzhou Peoples R China Shanghai Tenth Peoples Hosp Dept Cardiol Shanghai Peoples R China AF Mil Med Univ Tangdu Hosp Dept Cardiol Xian Peoples R China Beijing Hosp Dept Cardiol Beijing Peoples R China

Background Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of a drug-eluting stent featuring an abluminal bioabsorbable sirolimus-containing polymer coating (BP-SES) with an everolimus-eluting stent with a durable polymer (DPEES) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs). Methods TARGET CTO is a multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial that randomized patients to either BP-SES or DP-EES in a 1:1 fashion following successful CTO re-canalization. The primary endpoint that was powered for noninferiority assessment is in-stent late lumen loss (LLL) at 12 months. Results A total of 206 subjects underwent randomization, with 103 assigned to the BP-SES group and 103 to the DP-EES group. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were comparable. The primary endpoint demonstrated noninferiority for the BP-SES group compared to the DP-EES group (0.21 +/- 0.43 mm vs 0.21 +/- 0.33 mm;P = . 934, 2-sided;difference 0.01mm [BP-SES minus DP-EES];95% CI:-0.13 to 0.12 mm;p noninferiority < .001,1-sided). No significant differences were observed in secondary angiographic or clinical endpoints. The rates of 12-month in-stent and in-segment binary restenosis in the BP-SES group and the DP-EES group were similar (6.8% vs 7.5%, P = . 86;and 8.1% vs 8.8%;P = . 89, respectively). Although there was a trend favoring the BP-SES group, the difference between the BP-SES group and DP-EES group at 12 months in target lesion failure (2.1% vs 8.0%, P = . 054) and target lesion revascularization (2.1% vs 7.1%, P = . 089) did not reach statistical significance. No definite or probable stent thromboses were reported in either group. Conclusions Compared to DP-EES, PCI of CTOs with BP-SES showed similar results in terms of late loss and binary restenosis at the 12-month follow-up. Clinical Trial ***, number NCT03040934 (Am HeartJ 2025;285:93-104.)

关键词： Coronary artery disease bioabsorbable polymer percutaneous coronary intervention chronic total occlusion CTO chronic total occlusion PCI percutaneous coronary intervention BMS bare metal stent DES drug-eluting stent DP-EES durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stents BP-SES bioabsorbable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents LLL late lumen loss QCA quantitative coronary angiography PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty IWRS interactive web response system MLD minimum lumen diameter TVR target vessel revascularization ID-TLR ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization TLF target lesion failure MI myocardial infarction ITT intention-to-treat SD standard deviation GLM generalized linear model HR hazard ratio CI confidence interval CCS Canadian Cardiovascular Society

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Commercial pot selectivity for European lobster, Homarus gammarus, estimated through a novel v-notching mark-recapture approach

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FISHERIES RESEARCH 2025年 282卷

作者： Heney, Charlotte Gross, Julie M. Hoenig, John M. Hold, Natalie Bangor Univ Sch Ocean Sci Askew StMenai Bridge Anglesey LL59 5AB Wales William & Mary Virginia Inst Marine Sci POB 1346 Gloucester Point VA 23062 USA

Understanding gear selectivity can improve interpretation of population size data derived from commercial landings and support stock assessment models. The selectivity of gear over time often evolves, either due to industry modifications or as the result of implemented management regulations. Such gear modifications can be utilised to better target desired sizes of commercial species or to mitigate against bycatch issues. Most of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus, fishers use parlour pots and often utilise an escape gap to allow undersized animals and bycatch to exit. To quantify the gear selectivity of commercial parlour pots with and without escape gaps we utilise v-notching, as a novel approach to mark and recapture. Across both gear types, a total of 933 lobsters were notched (all sizes and both sexes) and 316 were recaught (34 %). A generalised linear model framework was applied to estimate selectivity which considered the interaction between size and sex of lobsters. Gear with escape gaps showed that males exhibit a dome-shaped selectivity curve, with the peak at 100-109 mm carapace length (CL) whereas females were less catchable for all size categories except for the smallest size class of 80-89 mm CL. Gear without escape gaps predominantly selected for small animals of both sexes (<90 mm) but, again, males exhibit a dome-shaped selectivity, with a peak at 80-89 mm (CL). This indicates that pots with escape gaps clearly select for legal-sized animals (>90 mm) for both sexes. This novel use of v-notching in markrelease-recapture surveys demonstrates the potential to quantify the efficacy of the gear used in the fleet and shows the scientific benefit of utilising current fishery management measures and fisher collaboration.

关键词： Gear selectivity Notching program generalized linear model Sex effect Crustacean fishery

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Acute effects of air pollutants on influenza-like illness in Hangzhou, China

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2025年第1期15卷 1-9页

作者： Lv, Ye Xu, Hong Sun, Zhou Liu, Muwen Xu, Shanshan Wang, Jing Li, Chaokang Ye, Hui Yang, Xuhui Hangzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Hangzhou Hlth Supervis Inst Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Ecol & Environm Monitoring Ctr Hangzhou Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

At present, with increasing awareness of the relationship between respiratory disease and air pollution, it is critical to assess the environmental risk factors for influenza. This study aimed to estimate the associations between ambient air pollution and the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Hangzhou, China, from 2015 to 2021. Weekly meteorological data, including average ambient temperature and average relative humidity, from December 29, 2014 to January 2, 2022 were collected from the Hangzhou Meteorological Service Center, and air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ground-level ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and PM with aerodynamic diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10), were collected from National Ambient Air Quality Automatic Monitoring Stations in Hangzhou. The number of weekly ILI cases was collected from 15 influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Hangzhou. A generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression was adopted to estimate the association between air pollution and ILI. After adjusting for the effects of average temperature, relative humidity, and seasonal and long-term trends, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 were found to be significantly associated with the number of ILI cases, with relative risk (RR) values of 1.018 (95% CI 1.001-1.036), 1.016 (1.005-1.028), 1.063 (1.067-1.364), and 1.207 (1.067-1.364), respectively. In the two-pollutant model, putting PM2.5, PM10, NO2, or SO2 into the model separately with O3 produced results similar to those of the single-pollutant model. PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 have statistical significance in cold seasons, with the RR values of 1.020 (95% CI 1.001-1.038), 1.012 (95% CI 1.000-1.024), and 1.060 (95% CI 1.031-1.090), respectively. In summary, our study found that most air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) have a significant association with the risk of ILI cases in Hangzhou. These findings can serve as a reference

关键词： Air pollution Influenza-like illness generalized linear model Environmental epidemiology

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