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Power asymmetry in conflict resolution with application to a water pollution dispute in China

WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 2015年第10期51卷 8627-8645页

作者： Yu, Jing Kilgour, D. Marc Hipel, Keith W. Zhao, Min Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Econ & Management Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Res Ctr Int Econ & Trade Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Res Ctr Low Carbon Econ & Environm Policy Nanjing Peoples R China Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Math Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Ctr Int Governance Innovat Waterloo ON Canada Hohai Univ Sch Business Nanjing Peoples R China

The concept of power asymmetry is incorporated into the framework of the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) and then applied to a water pollution dispute in China in order to show how it can provide strategic insights into courses of action. In a new definition of power asymmetry, one of the decision makers (DMs) in a conflict can influence the preferences of other DMs by taking advantage of additional options reflecting the particular DM's more powerful position. The more powerful DM may have three different kinds of power: direct positive, direct negative, or indirect. It is useful to analyze a model of a conflict without power asymmetry, and then to analyze a power-asymmetric model. As demonstrated by analysis of the water quality controversy that took place at the border separating the Chinese provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, this novel conflict resolution methodology can be readily applied to real-world strategic conflicts to gain an enhanced understanding of the effects of asymmetric power.

关键词： power asymmetry graph model for conflict resolution power-asymmetric equilibria strategic analysis

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Controversy Over the International Upper Great Lakes Study Recommendations: Pathways Towards Cooperation 15

Controversy Over the International Upper Great Lakes Study R...

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15th International Conference on Group decision and negotiation (GDN)

作者： Karnis, Monika Bristow, Michele Fang, Liping Ryerson Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783319195155;9783319195148

Unprecedented low water levels and a perception of inaction after a five-year study of the International Upper Great Lakes led activists to stir up controversy. This paper analyzes this conflict just prior to the release of the International Joint Commission's report on April 15, 2013 and proposes resolutions towards cooperation and improved public perception.

关键词： graph model for conflict resolution Pareto optimal solution Status quo analysis Water levels regulation

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Systems methodology for resolving water conflicts: the Zhanghe River water allocation dispute in China

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 2015年第1期31卷 106-119页

作者： Chu, Yu Hipel, Keith W. Fang, Liping Wang, Huimin Hohai Univ State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Hohai Univ Inst Management Sci Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Ctr Int Governance Innovat Waterloo ON Canada Ryerson Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Toronto ON Canada

This article uses the graph model for conflict resolution methodology to systematically model and analyze strategic aspects of an existing conflict over the distribution and utilization of water in the Zhanghe River basin in China. This formal systems investigation reveals that a win/win resolution occurs when the downstream provinces of Henan and Hebei agree to cooperate to purchase water at a proper price from the upstream province of Shanxi. This resolution is possible with upgraded infrastructure and with facilitation by the Zhanghe River Upstream Management Bureau. Moreover, an integrated water management system for the entire watershed is recommended.

关键词： conflict analysis water conflict Zhanghe River water allocation graph model for conflict resolution

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Strategic Investigation of the Jackpine Mine Expansion Dispute in the Alberta Oil Sands

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY 2015年第1期7卷 50-62页

作者： Xiao, Yi Hipel, Keith W. Fang, Liping Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON Canada Ryerson Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Toronto ON Canada

The graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) methodology is employed to ascertain strategic insights into a serious conflict over environmental concerns connected to the expanded exploitation of oil sands at the Jackpine Mine Expansion project located in Alberta, Canada. In fact, the expansion of extracting bitumen from large tracts of oil sands in Alberta and its associated potential negative environmental impacts have received increasing attention at the global level. Accordingly, environmentally responsible extended mining of bitumen at the Jackpine site is urgently needed. Hence, the GMCR methodology and its associated decision support system GMCR II are utilized to systematically investigate the conflict of the Jackpine Mine Expansion project. The results imply that the Federal Government of Canada is more concerned about the economic benefits generated by the oil sands projects rather than environmental impacts. It is suggested that more effort should be devoted to the environment conservation by the government.

关键词： Decision Support System Development graph model for conflict resolution Jackpine Mine Expansion Oil Sands

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From Values to Ordinal Preferences for Strategic Governance

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS 2014年第10期44卷 1364-1383页

作者： Bristow, Michele Fang, Liping Hipel, Keith W. Ryerson Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

A systems methodology for generating ordinal preferences from a value system is presented in this paper. The methodology employs value-focused thinking, the analytic hierarchy process, and a variety of methods, such as criteria-satisficing, optimizing, prioritization and weighting, to capture different value judgments. The methodology is operationalized for integration with the graph model for conflict resolution, which facilitates modeling and analysis of strategic conflicts. In applying the proposed methodology, preferences take into account evolving contextual variables in order to simulate participants' responses in a dynamic environment. The effects of different value systems on preferences and resulting conflict dynamics are demonstrated for a theoretical common-pool resources dilemma.

关键词： Agent-based modeling and simulation graph model for conflict resolution preferences values

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Agent-Based modeling of Competitive and Cooperative Behavior Under conflict

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS 2014年第7期44卷 834-850页

作者： Bristow, Michele Fang, Liping Hipel, Keith W. Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Ryerson Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada

A novel agent-based framework for modeling and simulating competitive and cooperative behavior under conflict is proposed. Formal definitions of Nash, general metarational, symmetric metarational, and sequential stability decision rules reflecting human behavior under conflict are presented in this paper. The definitions are inspired by the solution concepts of the graph model for conflict resolution and are conceived for implantation in the proposed agent-based modeling and simulation framework. With these decision rules, competitive and cooperative conflict dynamics are simulated for a theoretical common-pool resources dilemma. Moreover, policies can be tested for their effectiveness in avoiding or recouping from a tragedy of the commons.

关键词： Agent-based modeling graph model for conflict resolution policy simulation tragedy of the commons

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Water Diversion conflicts in China: A Hierarchical Perspective

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2014年第7期28卷 1823-1837页

作者： He, Shawei Hipel, Keith W. Kilgour, D. Marc Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Ctr Int Governance Innovat Waterloo ON N2L 6C2 Canada Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Math Waterloo ON N2L 3G5 Canada

To address China's large population and uneven distribution of water storage, the South-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) aims at transferring water from the Yangtze River (Changjiang) Basin to the North China Plain. This project is being implemented over three different routes, referred to as the Eastern, Central, and Western routes, each of which is giving rise to strategic conflicts. In this paper, the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) is used to systematically investigate these conflicts and obtain strategic insights into them. The Chinese Central Government is involved in each conflict, together with local decision makers, making the entire conflict hierarchical. The conflict is analyzed both as an overall graph model and as three local conflicts, and the resulting equilibria are compared. The Central Government's preferences, which can be fully elaborated in the single or overall model, account for the differences in equilibria between the overall model and the three local models. The Central Government, which utilizes different strategies in planning, modifying, and building these routes, may be able to control the overall project as it wishes, thereby reaching separate agreements with the relevant decision makers along each route.

关键词： South-North Water Diversion Project graph model for conflict resolution Hierarchical conflict Water shortages

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A Hierarchical Approach to Study Supply Chain conflicts between Airbus and Boeing

A Hierarchical Approach to Study Supply Chain Conflicts betw...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

作者： He, Shawei Hipel, Keith W. Kilgour, D. Marc Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Ctr Int Governance Innovat Waterloo ON Canada Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Math Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479938407

Supply chain conflicts between Airbus and Boeing, along with potential suppliers are investigated using a hierarchical approach to obtain the strategic resolutions for all stakeholders. Two giant commercial aircraft makers, Airbus and Boeing, complete for better deals by selecting components for their newly designed aircraft, incurring conflicts due to their rivalry and the clash of interests with suppliers. To control the costs of their next generation aircraft and shorten the production period, both manufacturers demand better deals from potential suppliers with lower prices and more output. A conflict arises among the manufacturers and potential suppliers in the negotiation of the contract in each supply chain. To investigate these conflicts comprehensively, a hierarchical approach is adopted by constructing a graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) with a hierarchical structure. The stakeholders may obtain strategic resolutions according to possible outcomes indicated by stability results. These findings in the hierarchical graph model are further compared to those obtained when each conflict is investigated separately.

关键词： Supply Chain conflicts Airbus and Boeing Hierarchical graph model graph model for conflict resolution

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Coalition Analysis in the graph model for conflict resolution

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SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2008年第4期11卷 343-359页

作者： Inohara, Takehiro Hipel, Keith W. Tokyo Inst Technol Grad Sch Social & Decis Sci & Technol Dept Value & Decis Sci Tokyo 1528552 Japan Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

Stability definitions for use in coalition analysis are developed within the framework of the graph model for conflict resolution. Specifically, based on the concept of joint movement by members of a coalition, the noncooperative stability definitions of Nash, general metarational, symmetric metarational, and sequential stability are extended for employment in coalition analysis. To demonstrate how the coalition stability definitions can be conveniently applied to an actual conflict, they are used to investigate a dispute arising over the pollution of an aquifer by a chemical plant located in Elmira, Ontario, Canada, and thereby obtain valuable strategic insight regarding cooperative behavior. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 11: 343-359, 2008

关键词： coalition formation decision-making environmental conflict graph model for conflict resolution stability analysis strategy

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Grey Numbers in Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis and conflict resolution

Grey Numbers in Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis and Conf...

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作者： Hanbin, Kuang University of Waterloo

学位级别：master

Definitions of grey numbers are adapted for incorporation into Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis and the graph model for conflict resolution in order to capture uncertainty in decision making. The main objective is to design improved methods for dealing with decision problems under uncertainty, characterized by limited input data and uncertain preferences of decision makers. A literature review is carried out in order to understand the problems of representing uncertainty using grey numbers within two key decision making contexts: comparing alternative solutions within an multiple criteria decision analysis framework, and deciding upon meaningful courses of action by decision makers involved in a conflict. Then two methodologies that rely on grey numbers to represent uncertain information are provided, and relevant definitions, procedures, and solution concepts are presented

关键词： Grey Numbers graph model for conflict resolution Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis

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