How do we find items within graphical user interfaces (GUIs)? Current understanding of this issue relies on studies using symbol matrices, natural scenes, and other non-GUI stimuli. To understand whether the effects d...
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How do we find items within graphical user interfaces (GUIs)? Current understanding of this issue relies on studies using symbol matrices, natural scenes, and other non-GUI stimuli. To understand whether the effects discovered in those environments extend to mobile, desktop, and web interfaces, this paper reports on visual search performance and eye movements with 900 real-world GUIs. In an eye-tracking study, participants (N = 84) were given a cue (textual or image) describing a target to find within a GUI. The study found that the type of GUI, the absence/presence of the target, and cue type affected search time more than visual complexity did. We also compared visual search to free-viewing in GUIs, concluding that these two tasks are distinctly different. Synthesis of the results points to a Guess-Scan-Confirm pattern in visual search: in the first few fixations, gaze is frequently directed toward the top-left corner of the screen, a pattern possibly related to the top-left being a statistically likely location of the target or of information that could aid in finding it;attention then gets more selectively guided, in line with the GUI's structure and the features of the target;and, finally, the user must confirm whether the target has been identified or, instead, that no target is visible. The VSGUI10K eye-tracking dataset (10,282 trials) is released for study and modeling of visual search.
Previous research in human-computer interaction (HCI) has focused relatively little attention on making parametric Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools user-friendly. This study aims to address key research questions abo...
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From February 1992 until the end of 1993, the authors ((IPO) Institute for Perception Research) participated in a European ((TIDE) Technology Initiative for Disabled and Elderly) project which addressed the problem ar...
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From February 1992 until the end of 1993, the authors ((IPO) Institute for Perception Research) participated in a European ((TIDE) Technology Initiative for Disabled and Elderly) project which addressed the problem arising for visually disabled computer-users from the growing use of graphical user interfaces (GUIs). With the authors' project partners (Frank Audiodata, the Nottingham Polytechnic, and Sensory Visionaid), they developed and evaluated a system which allows visually disabled users of computers to continue using computers, despite the fact that the workplace must, for reasons of uniformity, service, system management, etc., adapt to the use of GUI's. In principle, two approaches to dealing with the aforementioned problem are possible. Firstly, a software bridge can be made to transfer system information to and from a user-specific I/O device (e.g., a Braille line and keyboard). Secondly, a hardware solution can be created, consisting of a second computer which taps the video output and feeds back information via the keyboard and/or mouse connection. Each solution has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, both approaches require modeling of the GUI information in order to transfer data efficiently between the GUI and the user-specific I/O device. In the authors' project, the hardware approach was chosen, the pros and cons of which are discussed here. The GUI modeling proved feasible and is incorporated in the VISA-comp system. The authors' usability evaluation showed that visually disabled users can have access to a GUI, although it takes them about three times longer than sighted users.
In this approach, two basic services designed for the engineering of computer based systems (ECBS) are combined: a symbol-oriented man-machine-service and a high speed database-service. The man-machine service is used...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819424285
In this approach, two basic services designed for the engineering of computer based systems (ECBS) are combined: a symbol-oriented man-machine-service and a high speed database-service. The man-machine service is used to build graphical user interfaces (GUI's) for the database service;these interfaces are stared using the database service. The idea is to create a GUI-builder and a GUI-manager for the database service based upon the man-machine service using the concept of symbols. With user-definable and predefined symbols, database contents can be visualized and manipulated in a very flexible and intuitive way. Using the gui-builder and gui-manager, a user can build and operate its own graphicaluser interface for a given database according to its needs without writing a single line of code.
Dynamic Software Product Line Engineering has gained interest through its promise of being able to unify software adaptation whereby software can be configured at compile time and runtime. While previous work has conc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467364492
Dynamic Software Product Line Engineering has gained interest through its promise of being able to unify software adaptation whereby software can be configured at compile time and runtime. While previous work has concentrated on language support and other platform support, little attention has been placed on graphicaluser interface variability. In this paper, we present the motivation for handling dynamic graphicaluser interface variability and the challenges that require tackling to enable this.
Algorithmic Debugging is a method for semi-automatic program debugging, where the debuggez incrementally acquires knowledge about the debugged program by interacting with the user. However, a major obstacle that preve...
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graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are on their way to becoming the most pervasive interface for desktop systems at least partly because of conventional wisdom about their ease of use. Such an assumption may have been k...
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center's NexGen software modernization project has recently fielded two major hydrologic/hydraulic modeling computer programs and is in the process of develo...
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The representation of GUIs as documents is a technological trend that has been present for some years, but is only now about to significantly change the way in which most userinterfaces are developed. This paper exam...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1595934731
The representation of GUIs as documents is a technological trend that has been present for some years, but is only now about to significantly change the way in which most userinterfaces are developed. This paper examines this change, explains the reasons behind it and the concepts involved. It compares the old fashioned way of programming userinterfaces as code units with the document-based paradigm, explaining why the latter is preferable. Furthermore, it discusses how the document-based paradigm can be extended to a very comprehensive and well defined customization approach for GUIs, the document-oriented approach, which supports the paradigms of end-user development and robust content. Copyright 2006 ACM.
Mastering the rudimentary stages of programming presents a ubiquitous challenge owing to the novel pedagogical approaches involved. Those new to software development often struggle without proper guidance. In subjects...
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