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An infrastructure for realizing custom-tailored augmented reality user interfaces

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER graphics 2005年第6期11卷 722-733页

作者： Broll, W Lindt, I Ohlenburg, J Herbst, I Wittkämper, M Novotny, T Fraunhofer Inst Appl Informat Technol FIT D-53754 St Augustin Germany

Augmented Reality (AR) technologies are rapidly expanding into new application areas. However, the development of AR user interfaces and appropriate interaction techniques remains a complex and time-consuming task. Starting from scratch is more common than building upon existing solutions. Furthermore, adaptation is difficult, often resulting in poor quality and limited flexibility with regard to user requirements. In order to overcome these problems, we introduce an infrastructure for supporting the development of specific AR interaction techniques and their adaptation to individual user needs. Our approach is threefold: a flexible AR framework providing independence from particular input devices and rendering platforms, an interaction prototyping mechanism allowing for fast prototyping of new interaction techniques, and a high-level user interface description, extending user interface descriptions into the domain of AR. The general usability and applicability of the approach is demonstrated by means of three example AR projects.

关键词： distributed systems distributed applications multimedia information systems artificial augmented and virtual realities user interfaces collaborative computing graphics systems distributed/network graphics methodology and techniques device independence graphics data structures and data types interaction techniques three-dimensional graphics and realism virtual reality

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A Quantized Boundary Representation of 2D Flows

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COMPUTER graphics FORUM 2012年第3期31卷 945-954页

作者： Levine, J. A. Jadhav, S. Bhatia, H. Pascucci, V. Bremer, P. -T. Univ Utah Sci Comp & Imaging Inst Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab Livermore CA USA

Analysis and visualization of complex vector fields remain major challenges when studying large scale simulation of physical phenomena. The primary reason is the gap between the concepts of smooth vector field theory and their computational realization. In practice, researchers must choose between either numerical techniques, with limited or no guarantees on how they preserve fundamental invariants, or discrete techniques which limit the precision at which the vector field can be represented. We propose a new representation of vector fields that combines the advantages of both approaches. In particular, we represent a subset of possible streamlines by storing their paths as they traverse the edges of a triangulation. Using only a finite set of streamlines creates a fully discrete version of a vector field that nevertheless approximates the smooth flow up to a user controlled error bound. The discrete nature of our representation enables us to directly compute and classify analogues of critical points, closed orbits, and other common topological structures. Further, by varying the number of divisions (quantizations) used per edge, we vary the resolution used to represent the field, allowing for controlled precision. This representation is compact in memory and supports standard vector field operations.

关键词： I.3.6 [Computer graphics]: Methodology and Techniques&mdash graphics data structures and data types G.1.2 [Numerical Analysis]: Approximation&mdash Approximation of surfaces and contours

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Modelling trees and their interaction with the environment: A survey

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COMPUTERS & graphics-UK 2005年第5期29卷 805-817页

作者： Sen, SI Day, AM Univ E Anglia Sch Comp Sci Norwich NR4 7TJ Norfolk England

In this paper, we summarize some of the techniques used for modelling certain elements of nature such as trees. We describe some of the current methods in their order of appearance in the classification spectrum given in this survey. We discuss the geometrical and biological aspects that help us to identify the position of the work in our spectrum. The paper also identifies the interaction capability of the current techniques with the environmental factors and external forces. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： geometric algorithms languages and systems physically based modelling graphics data structures and data types virtual reality earth and atmospheric sciences

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3D simulation of tool machining

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COMPUTERS & graphics-UK 2003年第1期27卷 99-106页

作者： Puig, A Perez-Vidal, L Tost, D Univ Politecn Catalunya Dept Lenguajes & Sistemas Informat Graf Software Dept E-08028 Barcelona Spain

This paper describes a 3D tool machining simulation system. The initial tool and the grinding wheels are integrated with the machine tool. The application reads and interprets the CNC program code that controls the machine, it computes the positions and the motion of components and it translates the sequence of machining operations into Boolean operations. The machining is computed for 2D sections and, later, a 3D model of the tool is reconstructed. The application is ready to yield tool visualization, it gives measurements on sections and it can show an interactive animation of the whole process. A novel aspect of the simulation is that it is able to deal with 6-axes machines, whereas most of previous work is limited to 3- and 4-axes machines. In addition, it allows to interrupt the machining process and to show partially machined tools. A major contribution is the fact that the Boolean operations are performed in 2D and the 3D model is reconstructed from the cross sections, which provides user control on the resolution of the operations at a low cost. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： application packages industrial machining simulation Boolean operations graphics data structures and data types

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Comprehensible Visualization for Augmented Reality

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER graphics 2009年第2期15卷 193-204页

作者： Kalkofen, Denis Mendez, Erick Schmalstieg, Dieter Graz Univ Technol Inst Comp Graph & Vis A-8042 Graz Austria

This article presents interactive visualizations to support the comprehension of spatial relationships between virtual and real-world objects for Augmented Reality (AR) applications. To enhance the clarity of such relationships, we discuss visualization techniques and their suitability for AR. We apply them on different AR applications with different goals, e. g., in x-ray vision or in applications that draw a user's attention to an object of interest. We demonstrate how Focus and Context (F+C) visualizations are used to affect the user's perception of hidden or nearby objects by presenting contextual information in the area of augmentation. The organization and possible sources of data for visualizations in AR are presented, as well as cascaded multilevel F+C visualizations to address complex cluttered scenes that are inevitable in real environments. This article furthermore shows filter operations and tools to interactively control the amount of augmentation. It compares the impact of real-world context preservations to a pure virtual and uniform enhancement of occluding structures for augmentations of real-world imagery. Finally, this paper discusses the stylization of sparse object representations to improve the comprehension of x-ray visualizations in AR.

关键词： data structures graphs and networks methodology and techniques interaction techniques graphics data structures and data types multimedia information systems artificial augmented and virtual realities user interfaces style guides

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Approximating the Generalized Voronoi Diagram of Closely Spaced Objects

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COMPUTER graphics FORUM 2015年第2期34卷 299-309页

作者： Edwards, John Daniel, Eric Pascucci, Valerio Bajaj, Chandrajit Univ Utah Sci Comp & Imaging Inst Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Google Inc Menlo Pk CA USA Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

We present an algorithm to compute an approximation of the generalized Voronoi diagram (GVD) on arbitrary collections of 2D or 3D geometric objects. In particular, we focus on datasets with closely spaced objects;GVD approximation is expensive and sometimes intractable on these datasets using previous algorithms. With our approach, the GVD can be computed using commodity hardware even on datasets with many, extremely tightly packed objects. Our approach is to subdivide the space with an octree that is represented with an adjacency structure. We then use a novel adaptive distance transform to compute the distance function on octree vertices. The computed distance field is sampled more densely in areas of close object spacing, enabling robust and parallelizable GVD surface generation. We demonstrate our method on a variety of data and show example applications of the GVD in 2D and 3D.

关键词： Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS) Computer graphics [I.3.5]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling&mdash Boundary representations Computer graphics [I.3.6]: Methodology and Techniques&mdash graphics data structures and data types

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Rasterized Bounding Volume Hierarchies

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COMPUTER graphics FORUM 2012年第2期31卷 403-412页

作者： Novak, Jan Dachsbacher, Carsten Karlsruhe Inst Technol Comp Graph Grp Karlsruhe Germany

We present the rasterized bounding volume hierarchy (RBVH), a compact data structure that accelerates approximate ray casting of complex meshes and provides adjustable level of detail. During construction, we identify subtrees of BVHs containing surfaces that can be represented by height fields. For these subtrees the conventional ray-surface intersection, which possibly involves a large number of triangles, is replaced by a simple ray marching procedure to find the intersection with the surface. We describe GPU algorithms for construction, ray casting, and data querying of the RBVH that achieve comparable or higher performance than state of the art acceleration structures for triangle meshes. Moreover, RBVHs provide an inherent surface parameterization for storing data on the surfaces and natively handle triangle and point-based surface representations. We also show that RBVHs support adaptive level-of-detail and can be combined with traditional BVHs to handle complex scenes.

关键词： I.3.6 [Computer graphics]: Methodology and Techniques&mdash graphics data structures and data types

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Modeling and visualization of 3D polygonal mesh surfaces using geometric algebra

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COMPUTERS & graphics-UK 2004年第4期28卷 519-526页

作者： Zaharia, MD Dorst, L Univ Amsterdam Fac Sci Inst Informat NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam Netherlands

The language of geometric algebra can be used in the development of computer graphics applications. This paper proposes a method to describe a 3D polygonal mesh model using a representation technique based on geometric algebra and the conformal model of the 3D Euclidean space. It describes also the stages necessary to develop an application that uses this formalism. The current application was used to validate the implementation of the main abstract operations characteristic to a geometric algebra computational environment (programming module GAP). The data structures that characterize this geometric algebra based modeling approach as well as the implementation of geometric algebra based methods for model visualization/transformation are developed in detail. The paper emphasizes the elegance and generality of the geometric algebra approach referring also to the necessary computational resources. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： geometric algebra conformal model polygonal mesh visualization graphics data structures and data types boundary representations surface representations geometric transformations

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Programming support for blossoming

Programming support for blossoming

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22nd Meeting of graphics Interface

作者： Liu, W Mann, S UNIV WATERLOO DEPT COMP SCIWATERLOOON N2L 3G1CANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0969533853

A C++ library has been created to facilitate prototyping of curve and surface modeling techniques. The library provides blossoming datatypes to support creation of modeling techniques based on blossoming analysis. The datatypes have efficient operations that are generalizations of important CAGD algorithms and can be used to implement many algorithms. Most importantly, the library is able to inter-operate with user-supplied datatypes or routines to create complex modeling techniques.

关键词： blossoms curves and surfaces graphics data structures and data types software

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Multi Bounding Volume Hierarchies

Multi Bounding Volume Hierarchies

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IEEE/EG Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing

作者： Ernst, Manfred Greiner, Guenther Bytes+Lights GmbH Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

ISBN: (纸本)9781424427413

Efficient tracing of single and incoherent rays is still a challenge in computer graphics. Coherent packet tracing has reached real-time performance, but ray packets bring about restrictions for the architecture of the renderer and their suitability for diverging secondary ray bundles is uncertain. The algorithm presented in this paper avoids these problems by not using ray packets at all. Instead, it uses triangle packets and bounding volume packets in a novel acceleration data structure called multi bounding volume hierarchy (MBVH). It is designed for SIMD single ray tracing. The hierarchy is built from a binary bounding volume hierarchy by collapsing subtrees of height two into SIMD nodes storing four bounding boxes. A modified cost function for construction guarantees that all but one of the leaf nodes contain exactly four triangles. The MBVH makes good use of data-level parallelism during traversal and triangle intersection, yielding speed-ups of up to 2.8 x for random ray shooting. It consumes less memory than a regular bounding volume hierarchy and requires no modifications to the architecture of the rendering engine.

关键词： I.3.6 [Computer graphics]: Methodology and Techniques graphics data structures and data types I.3.7 [Computer graphics]: Three-Dimensional graphics and Realism Raytracing

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