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48th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

作者： Shi, Xiaojie Wang, Wenzong Ma, Yiwei Key, Tom Huque, Aminul Elect Power Res Inst Knoxville TN 37932 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665419222

With the proliferation of inverter based Distributed Energy Resource (DER) deployments, especially with advanced grid support functions (GSFs), the risk of unintended islands has remained a significant safety concern among the distribution system operators. IEEE 1547 standard requires DER to "detect an island, cease to energize the area electric power system (Area EPS) and trip within 2 second of the island formation." In addition, because of aggregate impact of high penetration of DERs on system stability, IEEE 1547- 2018 revision mandated several GSFs, including abnormal voltage and frequency ride-through and voltage/frequency regulation support capabilities for all DERs. These grid support functions aim to maintain stability during grid-connected operation and island preventions aim to destabilize the network when the grid is not present. These apparently opposite objectives lead to the skepticism about island prevention effectiveness together with grid support from smart inverters. This paper investigates the apparent conflict in objectives and provides answer by revealing the unique relationships between frequency, voltage, active and reactive power in grid following inverter dominated islands and the fundamental differences in inverter's control during grid-connected and islanded condition. It also explains why ride-through, volt-var, frequency-watt, and volt-watt functions are not expected to impact island detection performance by smart inverters.

关键词： distributed energy resources smart inverter ride-through grid support function islanding detection

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Data-Driven Modeling of Commercial Off-the-shelf Photovoltaic Inverters Using Neuromancer

Data-Driven Modeling of Commercial Off-the-shelf Photovoltai...

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27th International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM)

作者： Ghimire, Pallavi Poudel, Samip Bhujel, Niranjan Dhiman, Vikas Hummels, Donald Tonkoski, Reinaldo Univ Maine Dept Elect & Comp Engn Orono ME 04469 USA Tech Univ Munich Elect Power Transmiss & Distribut Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387605;9798350387599

With the high penetration of renewable energy sources into the grid, using inverters with advanced grid support functions has become essential to maintain power quality and reliability. However, it is necessary to have accurate and computationally tractable models of the inverter system to assess the dynamics. Detailed models have been shown to be computationally intractable and require sensitive information from manufacturers to be accurate. Thus, methods that rely on data collection of the inverter system dynamics to analyze the main dynamic behavior of systems under various operating conditions and disturbances are important. In addition, some data-driven models might not be able to achieve high accuracy to assess system dynamics. This paper models a photovoltaic inverter based on the data collected while perturbing the voltage at the point of common coupling and observing the corresponding output current injected into the grid. The model is trained using the PyTorch-based library Neuromancer. A different dataset is used to assess model accuracy and computational time under different Volt-Var support modes. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) for each Volt-Var support mode was calculated and compared with other data-driven models in terms of accuracy and computational time. Using the Neuromancer library led to higher accuracy;however, it increased the computational time

关键词： Data-driven modeling Inverter Models Neuromancer System identification Pytorch grid support function

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grid support functions Impact on Residential Voltage Profile for Updated Canadian Interconnection Standard

Grid Support Functions Impact on Residential Voltage Profile...

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IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)

作者： Ninad, Nayeem Abraham, Kevin Srikumar, Sanjayan Gurunathan, Pavithran Turcotte, Dave Nat Resources Canada CanmetENERGY Renewable Energy Integrat Varennes PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728134062

The high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) (especially PV) presents a number of technical challenges for power system operation;one of them being overvoltage. To better manage the grid operation, the interconnection standards around the world are including requirement of grid support functions (GSFs) for these DERs. The recently updated Canadian interconnection standard, CSA C22.3 No. 9 also included advanced GSFs requirements for these DERs. This paper investigates the impact of high PV penetration on the voltage profile of Canadian suburban residential neighborhood. The initial base case is established with the consideration of the legacy PV inverter (unity power factor operation) in 216 houses in which case voltage violation is observed in the network. Then the voltage profile of the neighborhood is compared for three separate scenarios with different GSFs;fixed power factor, Volt-Var and Volt-Watt. Each GSF is configured according to the CSA C22.3 No. 9 standard. These functions can mitigate/reduce the overvoltage issues in different proportions, e.g., voltage violation does not occur for fixed power factor operation. The impact of these GSFs on the customer PV production (active power) and the loading of the network component are also analyzed in this paper.

关键词： inverter overvoltage grid support function distributed energy resource network modeling photovoltaic (PV)

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Smart Inverter Modeling Toolbox for EMT Simulation Studies of Power Systems

Smart Inverter Modeling Toolbox for EMT Simulation Studies o...

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IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： Ninad, Nayeem Berard, Jean-Philippe Ali, Syed Qaseem Nat Resources Canada NRCan CanmetENERGY Varennes PQ Canada OPAL RT TECHNOL AXES Div Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448642

Recently smart inverter interfaces for distributed energy resources (DERs) have been proposed to allow DER devices to implement grid support functions. Applying these functions to address the impact of DER integration to power systems requires studies including electro-magnetic transient (EMT) analysis. To simplify the process of setting up such studies, a comprehensive toolbox based on MATLAB/Simulink allowing users to implement, test and perform EMT studies with smart inverter interfaced DERs is presented in this paper. The toolbox allows the user to define and implement all the grid support functions as defined in IEEE 1547-2018 as well CSA C22.3 No. 9. Some case studies with a solar PV generation system interfaced with a smart inverter are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the toolbox.

关键词： distributed energy resource inverter smart grid modeling grid support function toolbox

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Laboratory Assessment of DER Inverter grid support functions for Updated Canadian CSA C22.3 No. 9 Interconnection Standard

Laboratory Assessment of DER Inverter Grid Support Functions...

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IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)

作者： Ninad, Nayeem Apablaza-Arancibia, Estefan Rajda, Janos Turcotte, Dave Nat Resources Canada Renewable Energy Integrat CanmetENERGY Varennes PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781728134062

With the rapid increase in renewable energy integration in the electric grid, grid codes around the world are getting updated with requirements of grid support functions (GSFs) for the distributed energy resources (DERs). The Canadian interconnection standard CSA C22.3 No. 9 recently underwent revision and recently completed the public review process. This revised standard included advanced GSFs for DER systems and the test procedures (mostly referring to IEEE 1547.1 or UL 1741 SA) for assessing these DER GSFs. Two commercial solar/photovoltaic (PV) smart inverters were tested at the CanmetENERGY inverter test facility following the test procedures from UL 1741 SA and using the parameters from CSA C22.3 No. 9. This paper presents the important aspects of the test procedure while doing standard compliance tests for the selected GSFs. Test results, issues requiring future consideration and comments are presented in this paper.

关键词： inverter grid support function distributed energy resource volt-var frequency droop volt-watt interconnection UL 1741 SA renewable energy photovoltaic (PV)

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A grid-supporting Photovoltaic System Implemented by a VSG with Energy Storage

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ENERGIES 2018年第11期11卷 3152-3152页

作者： Xu, Huadian Su, Jianhui Liu, Ning Shi, Yong Hefei Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Automat Hefei 23009 Anhui Peoples R China

Conventional photovoltaic (PV) systems interfaced by grid-connected inverters fail to support the grid and participate in frequency regulation. Furthermore, reduced system inertia as a result of the integration of conventional PV systems may lead to an increased frequency deviation of the grid for contingencies. In this paper, a grid-supporting PV system, which can provide inertia and participate in frequency regulation through virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology and an energy storage unit, is proposed. The function of supporting the grid is implemented in a practical PV system through using the presented control scheme and topology. Compared with the conventional PV system, the grid-supporting PV system, behaving as an inertial voltage source like synchronous generators, has the capability of participating in frequency regulation and providing inertia. Moreover, the proposed PV system can mitigate autonomously the power imbalance between generation and consumption, filter the PV power, and operate without the phase-locked loop after initial synchronization. Performance analysis is conducted and the stability constraint is theoretically formulated. The novel PV system is validated on a modified CIGRE benchmark under different cases, being compared with the conventional PV system. The verifications demonstrate the grid support functions of the proposed PV system.

关键词： coordination control energy storage grid support function inertia photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator

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