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Content-adaptive mode-dependent filtering algorithm for h.264/advanced video coding intra prediction

OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2012年第11期51卷

作者： Kim, Kibaek Jeon, Gwanggil Jeong, Jechang Hanyang Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Seoul 133791 South Korea Univ Incheon Dept Embedded Syst Engn Inchon 406772 South Korea

In h.264/advanced video coding (AVC), low-pass filtering is performed on neighboring coded pixels before intra prediction is applied to reduce the effect of quantization errors. however, reducing the effect of quantization errors by conventional methods is difficult in some areas, depending on the image characteristics. To alleviate this issue, we need to consider the prediction direction. We propose a mode-dependent filtering technique to reduce the effect of quantization errors. Our method has a threshold to adaptively choose between the conventional and proposed methods to reduce the number of flag bits that are sent to the decoder. The method is compared with other benchmark methods in terms of their average bit-saving and peak signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results show that the average bit-rate reduction is about 1.222% in test sequences. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/***.51.11.117402]

关键词： h.264/advanced video coding intra prediction mode-dependent filter coding efficiency

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A novel two-dimensional reversible data hiding method with high embedding capacity in h.264/advanced video coding

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS 2020年第3期16卷

作者： Chen, Yi Wang, hongxia Tang, Xiaoxu Liu, Yong Wu, hanzhou Chen, Yanli Southwest Jiaotong Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Chengdu Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Cybersecur Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Sch Commun & Informat Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Guizhou Normal Univ Sch Big Data & Comp Sci Guiyang Peoples R China

Developing the technology of reversible data hiding based on video compression standard, such as h.264/advanced video coding, has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Because it can be applied in some applications, such as error concealment and privacy protection. This has motivated us to propose a novel two-dimensional reversible data hiding method with high embedding capacity in this article. In this method, all selected quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients are first paired two by two. And then, each zero coefficient-pair can embed 3 information bits and the coefficient-pairs only containing one zero coefficient can embed 1 information bit. In addition, only one coefficient of each one of the rest coefficient-pairs needs to be changed for reversibility. Therefore, the proposed two-dimensional reversible data hiding method can obtain high embedding capacity when compared with the related work. Moreover, the proposed method leads to less degradation in terms of peak-signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, and less impact on bit-rate increase.

关键词： Two-dimensional reversible data hiding embedding capacity quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients h.264/advanced video coding privacy protection

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Probable mode prediction for h.264 advanced video coding P slices using removable SKIP mode distortion estimation

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2010年第2期49卷

作者： You, Jongmin Jeong, Jechang Hanyang Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Seoul 133791 South Korea

The h.264/AVC (advanced video coding) is used in a wide variety of applications including digital broadcasting and mobile applications, because of its high compression efficiency. The variable block mode scheme in h.264/AVC contributes much to its high compression efficiency but causes a selection problem. In general, rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is the optimal mode selection strategy, but it is computationally intensive. For this reason, the h.264/AVC encoder requires a fast mode selection algorithm for use in applications that require low-power and real-time processing. A probable mode prediction algorithm for the h.264/AVC encoder is proposed. To reduce the computational complexity of ADO, the proposed method selects probable modes among all allowed block modes using removable SKIP mode distortion estimation. Removable SKIP mode distortion is used to estimate whether or not a further divided block mode is appropriate for a macroblock. It is calculated using a no-motion reference block with a few computations. Then the proposed method reduces complexity by performing the ADO process only for probable modes. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce encoding time by an average of 55.22% without significant visual quality degradation and increased bit rate. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3309474]

关键词： h.264/advanced video coding Motion Picture Experts Group-4 part 10 mode decision rate distortion optimization

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hardware/Software Codesign of a Low-Cost Rate Control Scheme for h.264/AVC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TEChNOLOGY 2010年第2期20卷 250-261页

作者： Kuo, Chih-hung Chang, Li-Chuan Fan, Kuan-Wei Liu, Bin-Da Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 70101 Taiwan Himax Technol Corp Tainan 70101 Taiwan

This paper presents a low-complexity rate control (RC) framework for h.264/advanced video coding (AVC) encoders on embedded systems. We consider not only the rate-distortion performance but also its implementation complexity using an efficient hardware/software codesign. The proposed cost-effective macroblock level RC module works in hardware, and the frame-level RC is executed on the system CPU as software. It is less complex than the RC module adopted by h.264/AVC JM reference software, making it more suitable for embedded systems. Experiment results show that the proposed RC outperforms h.264/AVC JM, and the hardware implementation cost is low for an h.264/AVC video encoder.

关键词： h.264/advanced video coding hardware/software codesign rate control

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Lossless ROI Privacy Protection of h.264/AVC Compressed Surveillance videos

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN COMPUTING 2016年第3期4卷 349-362页

作者： Ma, Xiaojing Zeng, Wenjun (Kevin) Yang, Laurence T. Zou, Deqing Jin, hai Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Key Lab Serv Comp Technol & Syst Minist Educ Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Univ Missouri Mobile Networking & Multimedia Commun Lab Columbia MO 65211 USA Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Technol Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China St Francis Xavier Univ Dept Comp Sci Antigonish NS B2G 2W5 Canada

Privacy becomes one of the major concerns of video surveillance systems, especially in cloud-based systems. Privacy protection of surveillance videos aims to protect privacy information without hampering normal video surveillance tasks. Region-of-interest (ROI) privacy protection is more practical compared with the whole video encryption approaches. however, one common drawback of virtually all current ROI privacy protection methods is that the original compressed surveillance video recorded in the camera is permanently distorted by the privacy protection process, due to the quantization in the re-encoding process. Thus, the integrity of the original compressed surveillance video captured by the camera is destroyed. This is unacceptable for some application scenarios, such as video forensics for investigations and video authentication for law enforcement. In this paper, we introduce a new paradigm for privacy protection in surveillance videos, referred to as lossless privacy region protection, which has the property that the distortion introduced by the protection of the privacy data can be completely removed from the protected videos by authorized users. We demonstrate the concept of lossless privacy region protection through a proposed scheme applied on h.264/advanced video coding compressed videos.

关键词： Lossless privacy protection video surveillance intra-frame drift error inter-frame drift error h.264/advanced video coding

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A New Evaluation of video Encryption Security with a Perceptual Metric

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JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION 2020年第4期48卷 2564-2579页

作者： Khlif, Naziha Ben Amor, M. Kammoun, Fahmi Masmoudi, Nouri Natl Sch Engineers Sfax Elect Dept Soukra Rd Km 3-5BPW 3038 Sfax Tunisia Univ Sfax Fac Sci Sfax Dept Phys BP 1171 Sfax 3000 Tunisia

Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) are metrics initially used to evaluate the visual quality of compressed images or sequences compared to the original ones. By analogy to compressed sequences, researchers use these metrics to evaluate the degradation of encrypted sequences. video encryption algorithms target a maximum scrambling so that their contents become imperceptible to the human visual system. The distortion of PSNR and SSIM values comes from both compression and encryption. The use of these metrics to measure the degradation of joint compressed and encrypted sequences cannot give us a precise evaluation of the distortion. For a better evaluation, a Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) metric was used. This article aims to provide a perceptual evaluation of the encryption effect for the h.264 advanced video coding compressed and encrypted sequences, using the CSF metric. The visual quality of the encrypted video is degraded and proven bad from different viewing distances.

关键词： h.264/advanced video coding selective encryption peak signal to noise ratio structural similarity contrast sensitivity function

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A New Low-Complexity Integer Distortion Estimation Method for h.264/AVC Encoder

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR video TEChNOLOGY 2010年第2期20卷 207-212页

作者： Moon, Jeong Mee Kim, Jae ho Pusan Natl Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Pusan 609735 South Korea

In this paper, a new low-complexity distortion estimation method for the h.264 rate-distortion optimized mode decision is proposed. coding processes, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantization, inverse quantization, inverse DCT, and reconstruction, are needed to compute the distortion in an h.264 encoder. To reduce these computations, we estimate the distortion using coefficients calculated in the quantization process and eliminate the inverse quantization, inverse DCT, and reconstruction processes. In the proposed method, the distortion is computed by integer operations, which is more efficient for the hardware implementation. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the encoding time by about 10% with negligible degradation in the coding performance.

关键词： Distortion h.264/advanced video coding inverse discrete cosine transform inverse quantization rate-distortion optimization mode decision

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A Frame-Parallel 2 Gpixel/s video Decoder Chip for UhDTV and 3-DTV/FTV Applications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS 2015年第12期23卷 2768-2781页

作者： Zhou, Jinjia Zhou, Dajiang Zhu, Jiayi Goto, Satoshi Waseda Univ Grad Sch Informat Prod & Syst Kitakyushu Fukuoka 8080135 Japan

The first single-chip design that supports real-time h.264/advanced video coding decoding of 8k (7680 x 4320) 60 frames/s is realized. It also supports multiview decoding for up to 32 720p views or 16 1080p views. To significantly improve the throughput and reduce the memory bandwidth requirement, frame-level parallelism is exploited for the proposed design. First, a frame dependency protection scheme enables frame-parallel decoding, by reusing multiple replicas of an existing design. This results in a system throughput of 2 Gpixels/s, at least 3.75 times better than previous chips. Moreover, a reference window synchronization scheme and a 2-level hybrid caching structure are proposed to achieve 44% memory bandwidth reduction of motion compensation, by utilizing frame-level data reuse. The bandwidth reduction results in 22% Dynamic Random-Access Memory power saving of the whole decoder.

关键词： 3-D TV application-specified integrated circuit (ASIC) h.264/advanced video coding Super high Version ultrahigh definition television (UhDTV) video decoder VLSI

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RATE CONTROL INITIALIZATION ALGORIThM FOR SCALABLE video coding

RATE CONTROL INITIALIZATION ALGORITHM FOR SCALABLE VIDEO COD...

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18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Sanz-Rodriguez, Sergio Diaz-de-Maria, Fernando Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Signal Theory & Commun E-28903 Getafe Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781457713033

In this paper we propose a novel rate control initialization algorithm for real-time h. 264/scalable video coding. In particular, a two-step approach is proposed. First, the initial quantization parameter (QP) for each layer is determined by means of a parametric rate-quantization (R-Q) modeling that depends on the layer identifier (base or enhancement) and on the type of scalability (spatial or quality). Second, an intra-frame QP refinement method that allows for adapting the initial QP value when needed is carried out over the three first coded frames in order to take into consideration both the buffer control and the spatio-temporal complexity of the scene. The experimental results show that the proposed R-Q modeling for initial QP estimation, in combination with the intra-frame QP refinement method, provide a good performance in terms of visual quality and buffer control, achieving remarkably similar results to those achieved by using ideal initial QP values.

关键词： Initial QP rate control scalable video coding (SVC) h.264/SVC h.264/advanced video coding

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