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Design and Development of hardware-In-loop Remote simulation Real-Time Testbed with MIL-STD 1773-Based Fiber Optics Data Acquisition System

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DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL 2025年第1期75卷 111-119页

作者： Karvande, Rajesh Shankar Halder, Pulak Madhavi, Tatineni GITAM Sch Technol Dept EECE Hyderabad 502329 India DRDO Res Ctr Imarat Hyderabad 500069 India

Performance evaluation of avionics software in conjunction with flight hardware is a critical process carried out using a specialized hardware-in-loop simulation (HILS) platform. This platform integrates essential flight subsystems, such as actuators and navigation systems, to validate their performance under real-time conditions. A unique facility, the Flight Motion Simulator (FMS), plays a vital role in testing the dynamic behavior of navigation systems. However, challenges arise due to the physical separation of critical equipment like the FMS and actuator setups from the main HILS Test-bed, necessitating their integration across large distances. To address this, a remote simulation Test-bed has been designed and developed utilising the emerging MIL-STD 1773 protocol with fiber optics-based communication. This approach ensures real-time data transfer with minimal latency, preserving the high-performance requirements of HILS. The Fiber Optics Data Acquisition System (FODAS) facilitates seamless integration of remote flight subsystems with the HILS Test-bed, eliminating delays associated with relocating equipment and re-establishing setups. Additionally, it enables the connection of flight subsystems directly from integration hangers, enhancing testing efficiency and flexibility. This research outlines the design and development methodology of the MIL-STD 1773-based FODAS system integrated with the HILS Test-bed. It further provides performance analysis, advantages, and practical results from its implementation, demonstrating the system's capability to overcome existing limitations while improving operational efficiency.

关键词： Fiber Optics based data acquisition system Flight motion simulator hardware-in-loop simulation MIL-STD 1773 simulation computer Fiber Optics based data acquisition system Flight motion simulator hardware-in-loop simulation MIL-STD 1773 simulation computer

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Design and test of the actuation circuit of the inertial sensor for space gravitational wave detection based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY 2023年第11期40卷 115001-115001页

作者： Zhang, Qianyun Liu, Meilin Wu, Shufan Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Shanghai Frontiers Sci Ctr Gravitat Wave Detect Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

The key scientific performance of the inertial sensor used for space gravitational wave detection is the residual acceleration noise of the test mass (TM), which is caused by the noise of inertial sensor components and external environmental noise. As the actuator of the inertial sensor, the performance of the actuator circuit affects the residual acceleration noise, but it is difficult to test the residual acceleration noise with a single actuation circuit. In this study, the actuator circuit is designed and a low-cost hardware-in-the-loop simulation system combined actuation circuit and other parts of the inertial sensor are established to test the residual acceleration noise. The system is composed of simulator electronics and software simulator, which establishes the connection between the actuation circuit with the Simulink model. The displacement sensing, probe, and drag-free model were built in Simulink to form a closed loop with the actuation circuit through the serial port. The simulation and test results show that the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system can preliminarily test the residual acceleration of TM, and the residual acceleration introduced by the actuation circuit is 2.5 x 10(-13) m s(-2) Hz(-1/2). Compared with the conventional test method, the system has the advantages of low cost, simple implementation, and easy extension to test any single inertial sensor module.

关键词： space gravitational wave detection space inertial sensor actuation circuit hardware-in-loop simulation residual acceleration

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Design of High Confidence Embedded Software hardware-in-loop simulation Test Platform Based on Hierarchical Model 11

Design of High Confidence Embedded Software Hardware-in-loop...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)

作者： Deng Fei Gao Feng China Acad Engn Phys Inst Comp Applicat Mianyang Sichuan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538663523

The interactive environment of high confidence embedded software in the field of aerospace and weaponry is complex, with many kinds of interfaces and strong real-time performance. t is a hot research topic how to build its simulation test environment nowadays. In order to solve the problems of low performance and inconvenient interface extension of traditional hardware-in-loop simulation test platform, this paper uses "hierarchical" + "distributed" design concept to design a hardware-in-loop simulation test platform based on hierarchical model. The platform uses a distributed architecture, which decomposes tasks such as test task scheduling and incentive data generation into a test controller and adopts a field protocol library to support various bus interface simulations and extensions. The platform is applied to the test of a measurement and control system, and real-time assessment is also carried out, the application and real-time assessment results show that the platform has good versatility, high test efficiency, and its real-time performance in in the level of 100(mu s).

关键词： Embedded Software hardware-in-loop simulation Software Test Distributed Test Task Scheduling

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Interfacing technique and hardware-in-loop simulation of real-time co-simulation platform for wind energy conversion system

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IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION 2017年第12期11卷 3030-3038页

作者： Jia, Feng Cai, Xu Lou, Yaolin Li, Zheng Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Dongchuan Rd 800 Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Wind Power Res Ctr Dongchuan Rd 800 Shanghai Peoples R China China Windey Corp Floor 22Bldg A Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Donghua Univ Coll Sci & Technol North Renming Rd 2999 Shanghai Peoples R China

The wind energy conversion system is a complex dynamic system which contains multi-coupling and multi-time-scales. The commonly used simplified models are unable to uncover all the detailed dynamics. The real-time co-simulation platform based on real-time digital simulator and GH Bladed is built with a controller hardware-in-loop, in which the kinematics equation of generator rotor is used as the interface to decouple the different time scales, and a specific programmable logic controller is used to build the two-way communication. The effect of signal delay between the two simulation platforms is discussed and the stability of the system is analysed. The proposed co-simulation platform is able to show detailed dynamics of the whole turbine as well as the comprehensive effects of the controllers. The correctness and superiorities are verified by number of simulations.

关键词： wind power wind power plants rotors programmable controllers wind turbines hardware-in-the loop simulation power engineering computing interfacing technique hardware-in-loop simulation real-time co-simulation platform wind energy conversion system generator rotor programmable logic controller two-way communication signal delay

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Model, Analysis, and Design of a q-Axis Self-Synchronizing Current Control for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Converters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第7期40卷 9301-9314页

作者： Queiroz, Eliabe D. Ota, Joao I. Y. Pomilio, Jose Antenor Univ Estadual Campinas Sch Elect & Comp Engn Rua Albert Einstein 400 Campinas Brazil Hitachi Energy Sweden AB S-72183 Vasteras Sweden

This article introduces a q-axis self-synchronizing current control strategy for three-phase grid-connected converters with LCL filters, encompassing its modeling, analysis, and design. Grid-forming converters synchronize with the grid by adjusting terminal voltage magnitude and frequency based on deviations in active and reactive power references. In contrast, grid-following converters use a phase-locked loop for synchronization, where a controller regulates output current by commanding the converter voltage. Building on these concepts, the proposed strategy achieves self-synchronization by monitoring deviations from current references and dynamically adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the synthesized voltage. This method enables a self-synchronizing current control that achieves grid synchronization independently of grid voltage measurements. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop testing validates the effectiveness of the q-axis self-synchronizing control. It also demonstrates the accuracy of the linearized model in representing system dynamics. The control strategy maintains stable operation under both ideal and nonideal grid conditions. Furthermore, this article provides a root-locus analysis of the linearized state-space model, a detailed design methodology, and a comprehensive stability analysis, including the impact of the operating point on system dynamics. Practical aspects such as a start-up procedure and an LCL reactive power compensation method are also addressed to support real-world implementation.

关键词： Synchronization Voltage control Current control Filters Reactive power Power system stability Grid forming Grid following Voltage measurement Vectors Converter stability eigenvalue stability grid- connected converter hardware-in-loop simulation self-synchronizing control

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Development of Frequency and Power Control System hardware-in-loop simulation Platform for Ship Power Plant

Development of Frequency and Power Control System Hardware-i...

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International Conference of Intelligence Computation and Evolutionary Computation (ICEC 2012)

作者： Sun Bin Zeng Fan-ming Zhang Wei-dong Zhao Hua Naval Univ Engn Coll Naval Architecture & Marine Power Wuhan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783642316555

In order to research the dynamic and static performance of ship power plant, the status quo of frequency and power control are analyzed. A hardware-in-loop simulator was built based on LabVIEW platform and Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), and the hardware-in-loop simulations were performed for frequency and power control in ship power plant. Before choosing the frequency and power controller, the value of the deviation of the real load from the desired load is basically big, diesel error is 39.5%, and turbine error is 19.5%. When controller is adopted, diesel error is 12.8%, and turbine error is 5.3%.The experiment results show the platform provides a new effective method for development of the frequency and power control, because of its merit such as shortening lead time and saving development funds.

关键词： Ship power plant hardware-in-loop simulation frequency and power controller

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Model reference adaptive control for aero-engine based on system equilibrium manifold expansion model

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL 2023年第4期96卷 883-898页

作者： Liu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Liming Luo, Chenshuang Beihang Univ Sch Transportat Sci & Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

The role of control system for aero-engine is to provide sufficient thrust and maintain physical and operational limits. Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) technique has been paid more attention for advantages in eliminating the effects of uncertainties arising from nonlinearity or component degradation and satisfying both safety and performance requirements in the entire flight envelope. However, due to the accuracy of aero-engine models, the implementation of the MRAC algorithm is challenging. In this paper, an MRAC architecture based on equilibrium manifold expansion (EME) model for an aero-engine is presented. An EME model is taken as the reference model in this architecture, which has high accuracy in the aero-engine modelling and contains both dynamic and steady-state characteristics of aero-engine. By using Lyapunov stability method, an MRAC based on EME model is designed and used to control the aero-engine obtaining desired performance. In the designed controller, uncertainty arising from component degradation of the aero-engine is estimated and the values of the uncertainty are replaced by the estimator. In order to indicate the control performance of the method provided in this article, the proposed MRAC architecture has been tested on a hardware-in-loop simulation platform, the simulation results have shown that compared the control performance with other traditional controllers, the aero-engine could quickly provide the desired control requirements without steady-state errors under the control of designed MRAC.

关键词： Aero-engine model reference adaptive control (MRAC) equilibrium manifold expansion (EME) model hardware-in-loop simulation estimate uncertainty Lyapunov stability

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Cooperative Guidance Method for Multiple Loitering Munitions Based on Track Planning 39

Cooperative Guidance Method for Multiple Loitering Munitions...

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39th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese-Association-of-Automation (YAC)

作者： Li, Jichu Xu, Xiao Fu, Lei Yang, Yachao Ye, Bobo Yang, Chengwei Li, Jie Beijing Inst Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350390780;9798350379228

A cooperative guidance method using mid-course guidance trajectory planning is proposed for the long-range precision strike of a small communication-based loitering munition swarm. This method ensures the relative position and states consistency among the loitering munitions before entering a terminal guidance attack. Through the use of a data link for inter-munition communication, coordinated trajectories are planned for each roaming projectile. The consistency in relative position and flight status is improved by employing airspeed control, thereby enhancing the cooperative guidance accuracy. Subsequently, cooperative terminal guidance is achieved by employing an improved proportional navigation law based on segmented guidance. This approach reduces the difficulty of inter-projectile communication while maintaining guidance accuracy, thereby lowering the complexity of terminal guidance laws. Finally, hardware-in-loop simulation and flight tests are conducted for the omnidirectional attack scenario against stationary targets to validate the rationality and effectiveness of this cooperative guidance method.

关键词： loitering munition cooperative guidance cooperative trajectory planning segmented proportional guidance hardware-in-loop simulation

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Reduced-Scale hardware-in-the-loop Platform for Dual-Source Off-Road Electric Vehicle using Energetic Macroscopic Representation 19

Reduced-Scale Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform for Dual-Source ...

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20th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (IEEE VPPC)

作者： Nguyen, Chi T. P. Trovao, Joao Pedro F. Bao-Huy Nguyen Ta, Minh C. Univ Sherbrooke E TESC Lab Sherbrooke PQ J1K 2R1 Canada Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol CTI Lab Hanoi Vietnam Thainguyen Univ Technol Thainguyen Vietnam IPC ISEC Coimbra Portugal INESC Coimbra Coimbra Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344455

This paper explores the transition from full-scale simulation to reduced-scale hardware-in-the-loop testing using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) for dual-source offroad electric vehicles. A comprehensive EMR model is developed, incorporating two energy sources (batteries and super capacitors). Full-scale simulation is established for further vehicle performance optimization. Reduced-scale hardware-in-the-loop testing creates a physical prototype, integrated with the EMR simulation platform for real-time interaction. This approach offers cost-effective validation of EMR-based strategies development, evaluating performance and energy management indicators. It enables iterative design improvements and rapid prototyping. Integration of the reduced-scale prototype with EMR simulation software facilitates seamless data exchange and control signal interaction. simulations on the prototype verify the accuracy and effectiveness of EMR-based strategies. Results are compared with full-scale simulation, establishing the reliability of the EMS model. This transition enables the development and validation of strategies for our off-road electric vehicle, ensuring accurate performance evaluation and optimization. The research demonstrates the potential of EMR as a valuable tool for advanced electric vehicle system design and development.

关键词： Electric vehicle hardware-in-loop simulation dual-source electric vehicle Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR).

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Synthesis of Partially Coherent Geometric Models of Radar Objects Based on Their Incoherent Models

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RADIO SCIENCE 2021年第12期56卷 e2021RS007274-e2021RS007274页

作者： Podkopaev, A. O. Stepanov, M. A. Kiselev, A., V Novosibirsk State Tech Univ Novosibirsk Russia

The paper considers the transition algorithm from incoherent models to partially coherent ones by the example of the problem of synthesizing a two-dimensional partially coherent model of a distributed radar object by its five-point and nine-point incoherent models. The transition algorithm includes the analytical expressions which allow determining powers and correlation functions of emitting signals for both types of models. The result is confirmed by numerical modeling. The comparison of the precision reflection altimeter formation and correlation function of angular glint provided by equivalent incoherent and partially coherent models is carried out.

关键词： radar hardware-in-loop simulation

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