Understanding the safety and mobility impacts of connected vehicle (CV) applications is critical for ensuring effective implementations of these applications. This study provides an assessment of the safety and mobili...
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Understanding the safety and mobility impacts of connected vehicle (CV) applications is critical for ensuring effective implementations of these applications. This study provides an assessment of the safety and mobility impacts of the red-light violation warning (RLVW), a CV-based application at signalized intersections, under semi-actuated signal control utilizing a hardware-in-the-loopsimulation environment. With actuated traffic signal operations, there is uncertainty in the end-of-green information provided to the vehicles using CV messages. The RLVW algorithm lacks the input information about when exactly the phase is going to be terminated since this termination occurs when a gap of a particular length is encountered at the detector. This study investigates a method recently proposed in a national effort to provide an assured green period (AGP) to grant definitive times for when the green interval will end. AGP mitigates the uncertainties related to termination of the green signal associated with actuated signal control and is expected to improve the performance of the CV RLVW application. Results showed that the safety benefits of RLVW without the use of AGP were limited. On the other hand, by introducing AGP with 100% RLVW, the number of red-light running events at signalized intersections was reduced by approximately 92%. However, the application of the AGP, as applied and assessed in this paper, can increase the number of stops and approach delay. This issue will need to be further investigated to determine the optimal setting of the AGP considering both mobility and safety impacts.
This paper reviews the state-of-the-art on hardware-In-The-loopsimulation methodologies and technologies applied in the research field of wave energy converters. It reveals important issues, such as an unclear taxono...
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This paper reviews the state-of-the-art on hardware-In-The-loopsimulation methodologies and technologies applied in the research field of wave energy converters. It reveals important issues, such as an unclear taxonomy and representations of these methodologies, which are critical for the success of the approach, mostly during the design of experiments and presentation of results. Moreover, a classification approach to these methodologies is not found in the literature. Thus, a generic taxonomical and classification framework is developed to support the review process. This framework is built based on three taxonomic subsystems that the review shows to be effective in organizing the reviewed methodologies: simulated, real and interface subsystems. In particular, the definition of the interface subsystem is key to overcoming the limitations found in the methodological representations. Furthermore, this review borrows the term actionability to this approach to better describe the nuances and gaps between the reviewed case studies. It is found that the different technical implementations are easily organized with the proposed framework, and the results cover a wide range of wave energy converter development phases. Likewise, this review shows opportunities for improvements in the methodology and application to a wider number of new case studies.
This study introduces a laboratory test set up developed to evaluate the functionality of a novel decentralised distribution automation architecture. The demonstration system consists of a simulated distribution netwo...
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This study introduces a laboratory test set up developed to evaluate the functionality of a novel decentralised distribution automation architecture. The demonstration system consists of a simulated distribution network in real-time simulation environment including simulated monitoring and control devices as well as physical devices interfaced with the simulator as hardware-in-the-loop test devices. System involves also substation automation units for real-time monitoring and control that are interfaced with the simulator and physical devices. The operating principle of the system is demonstrated with an example simulation case. The main goal for this system was to test the functionality of the decentralised distribution automation architecture and track out any potential interfacing issues of automation system before implementing the concept to actual field demonstrations. Based on the tests executed with the system described in this study, the proper functionality of all the features of the automation architecture was verified and successfully deployed at the field test sites.
Applications of switched reluctance machine (SRM) are increasing in the industry due to their many desirable features. This study proposes a hybrid analytical model (HAM) of the SRM for the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) ...
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Applications of switched reluctance machine (SRM) are increasing in the industry due to their many desirable features. This study proposes a hybrid analytical model (HAM) of the SRM for the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. To obtain satisfactory accuracy, the phase flux linkage is solved by the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) method when the stator and rotor poles overlap, and by the space harmonic method (SHM) when the poles do not overlap. The backward Euler and Newton-Raphson methods are used to calculate the exciting current, while the Gaussian quadrature is used to compute the electromagnetic torque in the HIL simulation. The digital hardware implementation of computation components are developed on the field-programmable gate array by exploiting the parallel hardware architecture and fully pipelined arithmetic processing. To highlight the performance of the HAM, the captured real-time results are compared with the off-line transient solution obtained through the co-simulation of Ansys Maxwell((R)), Ansys Simplorer((R)), and Simulink((R)), which model the SRM, drive circuit, and control system, respectively.
Distribution networks are becoming increasingly smarter', as well as more complex, with the addition of power electronic devices, information and communication technologies, smart meters, and more. As a result, ad...
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Distribution networks are becoming increasingly smarter', as well as more complex, with the addition of power electronic devices, information and communication technologies, smart meters, and more. As a result, advanced control strategies to manage such networks are becoming necessary. These strategies need to be thoroughly tested and validated, before they can be implemented in a real network. For this reason, a smart grid control algorithm testing chain is proposed, that aims to gradually test control algorithms, in all their development stages, using increasingly advanced laboratory setups. In addition, the interfacing options and challenges of each stage of the chain are highlighted. The proposed testing chain is substantiated in an optimal centralised coordinated voltage control (CVC) algorithm and the final stage of the chain, namely the combination of control and power hardware-in-the-loopsimulation, is presented in this study. As a specific example, the management technique for a storage system is implemented as part of the CVC algorithm. The laboratory results demonstrate that the proposed setup, despite its high complexity, enables the algorithm to be effectively and realistically tested as part of the overall system.
The wind energy conversion system is a complex dynamic system which contains multi-coupling and multi-time-scales. The commonly used simplified models are unable to uncover all the detailed dynamics. The real-time co-...
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The wind energy conversion system is a complex dynamic system which contains multi-coupling and multi-time-scales. The commonly used simplified models are unable to uncover all the detailed dynamics. The real-time co-simulation platform based on real-time digital simulator and GH Bladed is built with a controller hardware-in-loop, in which the kinematics equation of generator rotor is used as the interface to decouple the different time scales, and a specific programmable logic controller is used to build the two-way communication. The effect of signal delay between the two simulation platforms is discussed and the stability of the system is analysed. The proposed co-simulation platform is able to show detailed dynamics of the whole turbine as well as the comprehensive effects of the controllers. The correctness and superiorities are verified by number of simulations.
In this paper the concept of reinforcement learning agent is presented, which can deduce the correct control policy of a plant by acting in its digital twin (the HiL simulation). This way the agent substitutes a real ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538694633;9781538692097
In this paper the concept of reinforcement learning agent is presented, which can deduce the correct control policy of a plant by acting in its digital twin (the HiL simulation). This way the agent substitutes a real control system. By using reinforcement learning methods, a proof of concept application is presented for a simplistic material flow system, with the same type of access to the digital twin which a PLC controller-hardware would have. With the presented approach the agent is able to find the correct control policy.
A novel hardware-in-loop (HIL) ground experiment system is proposed in this paper where the corresponding movement of drogue under external interference can be realized according to the digital simulation results obta...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781538611715
ISBN:
(纸本)9781538611722
A novel hardware-in-loop (HIL) ground experiment system is proposed in this paper where the corresponding movement of drogue under external interference can be realized according to the digital simulation results obtained from Matlab. The whole system is composed of simulation subsystem modeled by multi-rigid-body dynamics, two-dimensional moveable platform, human-machine interface and motion control system. Data stream from Matlab to industrial computer is transferred by ethernet with UDP protocal and PCI-1245E is employed to transform position data to impulse signals for the sake of driving the servomotor. Experimental results manifest that effectiveness of hardware-in-loop ground experiment system where accurate motion of drogue in relation to simulation results can be achieved with high real-time performance.
This paper introduces a hardware-in-the-Ioop (HIL) system to simulate plug and play controllers for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The HIL system is a real-time simulator composed of two parts: a model-based v...
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This paper introduces a hardware-in-the-Ioop (HIL) system to simulate plug and play controllers for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The HIL system is a real-time simulator composed of two parts: a model-based virtual plant and an embedded controller. As HIL system does not require the design of physical systems, therefore, it can reduce the control design cost. In this paper, controller and model are both implemented using Mission Oriented Operating Suite-Interval Programming (MOOS-IvP) software. At first, the AUV mathematical model is obtained by dynamic and hydrodynamic analyses. Then, a robust controller is designed considering the uncertainties and nonlinearities. The robust controller is implemented on a Raspberry Pi microcomputer, while the virtual plant is simulated on a computer. Finally, MOOS-IvP based HIL simulations are compared to MATLAB simulations.
Many have proposed that responsive load provided by distributed energy resources (DERs) and demand response (DR) are an option to provide flexibility to the grid and especially to distribution feeders. However, becaus...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538622131;9781538622124
Many have proposed that responsive load provided by distributed energy resources (DERs) and demand response (DR) are an option to provide flexibility to the grid and especially to distribution feeders. However, because responsive load involves a complex interplay between tariffs and DER and DR technologies, it is challenging to test and evaluate options without negatively impacting customers. This paper describes a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation system that has been developed to reduce the cost and impacts of evaluating the effect of advanced controllers (e.g., model predictive controllers) and technologies (e.g., responsive appliances). The HIL simulation system combines large-scale software simulation with a small set of representative building equipment hardware. It is used to perform HIL simulation of a distribution feeder and the loads on it under various tariff structures. In the reported HIL simulation, loads include many simulated houses and air conditioners and one physical air conditioner. Independent model predictive controllers manage operations of all air conditioners under a time-of-use tariff. Results from this HIL simulation and a discussion of future development work of the system are presented.
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