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Real-Time Nonlinear Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Model of Induction Machine on FPGA for hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION 2016年第2期31卷 520-530页

作者： Tavana, Nariman Roshandel Dinavahi, Venkata Univ Alberta Dept Elect & Comp Engn Edmonton AB T6G 2V4 Canada

Real-time simulation of induction machine plays a crucial role in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) scenarios. Due to the key advantages offered by magnetic equivalent circuits (MEC) for modeling induction machines compared with finite element analysis and electric equivalent circuits in terms of computational expense and achieved accuracy, this paper proposes a real-time nonlinearMECof the induction machine. Themodel is emulated in real time on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) by exploiting the parallel hardware architecture and fully pipelined arithmetic processing. The performance of the FPGA-based real-time emulated induction machine model is investigated and compared with the behavior of an experimental setup of induction machine and finite element results to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of proposed approach for HIL applications.

关键词： Electrical machines field-programmable gate arrays finite element method hardware-in-the-loop simulation induction machine magnetic equivalent circuit real-time systems

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An adaptive control approach for semi-active suspension systems under unknown road disturbance input using hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL 2021年第5期43卷 995-1008页

作者： Kararsiz, Gokhan Paksoy, Mahmut Metin, Muzaffer Basturk, Halil Ibrahim Yildiz Tech Univ Istanbul Yildiz Turkey Bogazici Univ Bebek Turkey

This article presents an application of the adaptive control method to semi-active suspension systems in the presence of unknown disturbance and parametric uncertainty. Due to the technical difficulties such as time delay and sensor noise, the road disturbance is assumed to be unmeasured. To overcome this problem, an observer is designed to estimate the disturbance. It is considered that the road profile consists of a finite number of the sum of sinusoidal signals with unknown amplitudes, phases and frequencies. After the parametrization of the observer, the adaptive control approach is employed to attenuate the effect of the road-induced vibrations using a magnetorheological damper. It is proved that the closed-loop system is stable, despite the adverse road conditions. Finally, the performance of the controller is illustrated with a hardware-in-the-loop simulation in which the system is subjected to sinusoidal and random profile road excitations. To demonstrate the benefits of the adaptive controller, the results are presented in comparison with a conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller.

关键词： Adaptive control hardware-in-the-loop simulation road disturbance observer parametric uncertainty semi-active suspension

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Verification of a CubeSat via hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 2014年第4期50卷 2807-2818页

作者： Corpino, Sabrina Stesina, Fabrizio Politecn Torino Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn I-10129 Turin Italy

This paper describes the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation methodology used for the verification of functional requirements of e-st@r-I CubeSat. The satellite's behavior is investigated via HIL simulation, and the results obtained are consistent with the expected values in any operative conditions. It is proven that HIL simulation is a valuable means for supporting the verification process of small satellites and may help reduce the time and cost of the development phase and increase mission reliability.

关键词： Satellites hardware-in-the-loop simulation Computational modeling Space vehicles Computer architecture Reliability Testing

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The compensation of actuator delay for hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a jet engine fuel control unit

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simulation-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND simulation INTERNATIONAL 2014年第6期90卷 745-755页

作者： Hashemi, S. R. Montazeri, M. Nasiri, M. IUST Syst Simulat & Control Lab Dept Mech Engn Tehran 168461311 Iran

hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is a type of real-time simulation test that is different from a pure real-time simulation test due to a real component added to the loop. Since HIL includes numerical and physical components, a transfer system is required to link these parts. The transfer system typically consists of a set of actuators and sensors. In order to get accurate test results, the transfer system dynamic effects need to be mitigated. The fuel control unit (FCU) is an electrohydraulic component of the fuel control system in gas turbine engines. Investigation of FCU performance through HIL technique requires the numerical model of other related parts, such as the jet engine and the designed electronic control unit. In addition, a transfer system is employed to link the FCU hardware and the numerical model. The objective of this study was to implement the HIL simulation of the FCU. To get accurate simulation results, the inverse and polynomial compensation techniques were proposed to compensate time delays resulting from inherent dynamics of the transfer system. Finally, the results obtained by applying both of the methods were compared.

关键词： Time-delay compensation inverse polynomial hardware-in-the-loop simulation fuel control unit

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Design and implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for small-scale UAV helicopters

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MECHATRONICS 2009年第7期19卷 1057-1066页

作者： Cai, Guowei Chen, Ben M. Lee, Tong H. Dong, Miaobo Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 117576 Singapore

We present in the paper the design of a hardware-in-the-loop simulation framework and its actual implementation on our custom constructed unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) helicopter systems. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation is one of the most effective methods for the verification of the overall control performance and safety of the UAVs before conducting actual flight tests. In our proposed framework, four modules, which include onboard hardware, flight control, ground station and software, are integrated together to realize the hardware-in-the-loop simulation. This design is successfully utilized for simulating several flight tests including basic flight motions, full-envelope flight and multiple UAV formation flight. Results obtained show that the constructed hardware-in-the-loop simulation system is highly effective and useful. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation UAV Helicopter Flight control

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Divergence compensation for hardware-in-the-loop simulation of stiffness-varying discrete contact in space

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ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2016年 128卷 295-303页

作者： Qi, Chenkun Zhao, Xianchao Gao, Feng Ren, Anye Hu, Yan Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn State Key Lab Mech Syst & Vibrat Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Inst Aerosp Syst Engn Shanghai Shanghai 201108 Peoples R China

The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) contact simulation for flying objects in space is challenging due to the divergence caused by the time delay. In this study, a divergence compensation approach is proposed for the stiffness-varying discrete contact. The dynamic response delay of the motion simulator and the force measurement delay are considered. For the force measurement delay, a phase lead based force compensation approach is used. For the dynamic response delay of the motion simulator, a response error based force compensation approach is used, where the compensation force is obtained from the real-time identified contact stiffness and real-time measured position response error. The dynamic response model of the motion simulator is not required. The simulations and experiments show that the simulation divergence can be compensated effectively and satisfactorily by using the proposed approach. (C) 2016 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation Space contact Divergence compensation Delay compensation Discrete contact

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Comparison of Emergency Vehicle Preemption methods using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2012年第6期16卷 1057-1063页

作者： Yun, Ilsoo Park, Byungkyu Brian Lee, Choul Ki Oh, Young Tae Ajou Univ Div Environm Civil & Transportat Engn Suwon 443749 South Korea Univ Virginia Dept Civil & Environm Engn Charlottesville VA 22904 USA

Modern traffic signal control systems provide Emergency Vehicle Preemption (EVP), which provides the right-of-way to emergency vehicles in preference to other vehicles. Traffic engineers should select the best coordination recovery strategy at the end of the preemption in order to minimize any resulting disruptions. This paper compares the various EVP methods available with a controller used in the USA. The comparison was conducted in an urban corridor including four coordinated-actuated signals using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS), which consisted of a well-calibrated VISSIM microscopic simulation model and four Type 170 controllers. The examined preemption strategies included shortway and dwell with different numbers of cycles for transition completion. The results of the comparison indicated that the resulting impact on the network-wide and intersection-specific performances varied with the selected EVP method. The results also indicated that the EVP function using a shortway transition method with two or three cycles worked the best, as it could minimize the impacts of EVP.

关键词： emergency vehicle preemption transition hardware-in-the-loop simulation shortway dwell

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Soft Landing of a Hybrid Rocket Thruster Powered Platform: hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 2024年 1-13页

作者： Bhadran, Anandu Manathara, Joel George Ramakrishna, P. A. Indian Inst Technol Madras Dept Aerosp Engn Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India

Soft landing, defined as a controlled and gentle touchdown which prevents any damage, is a crucial phase of planetary landing modules and vertical take-off and landing aircraft. This paper discusses the soft landing of a hybrid rocket-thruster-powered platform using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) framework. The concept of a hybrid rocket thruster-powered platform was conceived as part of a system development study aimed at bringing out an effective propulsion unit for achieving VTOL in aircraft and UAVs. To simplify the scope of the preliminary investigation, the platform's movement was restricted to vertical translation. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup integrates a lab-scale hybrid rocket thruster in the hardware module with the simulated platform dynamics model. A control algorithm was implemented to regulate/tweak the real-time hardware-the thruster-to enable the simulated model of the platform to track a predefined descent velocity profile. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller regulated the oxidiser valve opening, controlling the oxidiser flow rate to the hybrid rocket motor and, consequently, the thrust to maintain the desired velocity profile of the platform during the descent. The hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup demonstrated a successful soft landing of the platform with a touchdown velocity of less than 1 m/s.

关键词： Hybrid rocket hardware-in-the-loop simulation Soft landing Wax-Al fuel Compressed-air oxidiser Velocity tracking

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A mimicking technique of back pressure in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a fuel control unit

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simulation-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND simulation INTERNATIONAL 2020年第4期96卷 375-385页

作者： Yuan, Yuan Zhao, Zhiwen Zhang, Tianhong Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Aerosp Power Syst 29 Yudao St Nanjing 210016 Jiangsu Peoples R China Cranfield Univ Sch Aerosp Transport & Mfg Ctr Prop Engn Cranfield Beds England

In the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation of the fuel control unit (FCU) for aero-engines, the back pressure has a great impact on the metered fuel, thus influencing the confidence of the simulation. During the practical working process of an aero-engine, the back pressure of the FCU is influenced by the combined effect of the pressure of the combustion chamber, the resistance of the spray nozzles, and the resistance of the distribution valve. There is a need to study the the mimicking technique of FCU back pressure. This paper models the fuel system of an aero-engine so as to reveal the impact of FCU back pressure on the metered fuel and come up with a scheme to calculate the equivalent FCU back pressure. After analyzing the requirements for mimicking the pressure, an automatic regulating facility is designed to adjust the FCU back pressure in real time. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify its performance. Results show that the mimicking technique of back pressure is well suited for application in HIL simulation. It is able to increase the confidence of the simulation and provide guidance to the implementation of mimicking the FCU back pressure.

关键词： Back pressure hardware-in-the-loop simulation fuel control unit aero-engine mimicking technique

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hardware-in-the-loop simulation on Fault Current Limiting Operation of RE-123 Coated Conductors Under the Influence of Spatial Inhomogeneity

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 2018年第4期28卷

作者： Higashikawa, Kohei Tajima, Masahiro Urasaki, Shogo Inoue, Masayoshi Fukumoto, Yusuke Tomita, Masaru Kiss, Takanobu Kyushu Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn Nishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan Railway Tech Res Inst Kokubunji Tokyo 1858540 Japan

We have investigated transient behavior of RE-123 coated conductors in fault current limiting operation based on experimental hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). Fault current limiting function of superconducting electric power application is attractive to maximize the potential of power system;such a function can be realized by the transition to the resistive state of superconducting wire. However, the phenomena is relatively complicated: nonlinear current transport properties varying with time-dependent temperature rise. Furthermore, from practical point of view, the influence of spatially homogeneity of cooling and local critical current properties in RE-123 coated conductors must be clarified for reliable operation. To demonstrate this, we developed HILS system using real-time digital simulator. Fault current limiting operation was successfully demonstrated for dc electric railway system. This method enabled us to evaluate the real-time responses of RE-123 coated conductors such as nonlinear properties and thermal behaviors under a power grid network. In particular, we applied RE-123 coated conductors with spatially inhomogeneous cooling and local critical currents to the experiment to understand the influences of them on the fault current limiting and recovery functions. Furthermore, such transient phenomena were successfully described by an electrically and thermally coupled analysis taking into account of temperature dependent nonlinear transport properties of the RE-123 coated conductors based on the percolation transition model. The method and findings will become crucial for effective and reliable designs of superconducting fault current limiters.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation RE-123 coated conductor spatial inhomogeneity superconducting fault current limiter

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