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FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation implementation for high-speed train electrical traction system

IET ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS 2020年第5期14卷 850-858页

作者： Guo, Xizheng Tang, Yiguo Wu, Mingkang Zhang, Ziyu Yuan, Jiaqi Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Elect Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China China Southern Power Grid Elect Power Res Inst Guangzhou 510663 Peoples R China

The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation for high-speed train electrical traction system aims to reduce the design cost and speed up control verification process of algorithms in the developmental stage of the traction control unit. In this study, based on the dSPACE real-time simulator, the multiple-simulator, multiple-simulation step of HIL real-time simulation system is first built. Second, for the associated discrete circuit modelling method, an optimisation method is proposed to minimise the switching loss and improve the simulation accuracy by selecting the optimal discrete-time switch admittance parameter, G(S). To decrease the computational burden for field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a decoupling method without simulation latency is presented to reduce the matrix dimension of the system model. Finally, the real-time simulation models of electrical traction system are realised by CPU + FPGA-based simulator, in which the power electronics converter models are computed in FPGA with a fixed 100 ns time-step. The validity and reliability of the real-time simulation system is verified by the HIL simulation and experimental results, which indicate that the real-time HIL simulation at the nanosecond level improves the accuracy essentially.

关键词： traction field programmable gate arrays power convertors railway electrification hardware-in-the loop simulation circuit optimisation matrix algebra microprocessor chips circuit simulation reliability high-speed train electrical traction system hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation traction control unit dSPACE real-time simulator multiple-simulation step HIL real-time simulation system associated discrete circuit modelling method simulation accuracy discrete-time switch admittance parameter system model CPU plus FPGA-based simulator FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation control verification process design cost reduction optimisation method switching loss minimization field-programmable gate array decoupling method matrix dimension reduction power electronics converter models reliability real-time HIL simulation model time 100 0 ns

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Fractional horsepower dynamometer - A general purpose hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation platform for nonlinear control research and education

Fractional horsepower dynamometer - A general purpose hardwa...

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45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Tarte, Yashodhan Chen, YangQuan Ren, Wei Moore, Kevin Utah State Univ CSOIS Dept Elect & Comp Engn Logan UT 84322 USA Colorado Sch Mines Div Engn Golden CO 80401 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424401703

A fractional horsepower dynamometer was developed as a general purpose hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation platform to emulate mechanical nonlinearities such as frictions, state-dependent disturbances, etc. This lab system can be used as a research platform to test various nonlinear control schemes. This platform am also be used as a laboratory experiment for ECE5320 "Mechatronics"' and ECE7330 "Nonlinear and Adaptive Control' courses at Utah State University. The novelty of this platform lies in its ability to generate an arbitrary external torque load disturbance, using a controllable hysteresis brake, to a DC motor plant. Therefore, many nonlinear systems and controls can be emulated physically. In this paper, we include. some sample experimental results to show the versatility of the dynamometer in emulating nonlinearities and the effectiveness in real-time testing of advanced nonlinear control schemes.

关键词： nonlinear control adaptive control hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation real-time control systems rapid prototyping

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Software-Based hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation of Distribution Systems

Software-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop Real-Time Simulation of ...

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IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting (PESGM)

作者： Ziaeinejad, Saleh Mehrizi-Sani, Ali Washington State Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Pullman WA 99164 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041688

A major step in the process of designing the controllers of a distribution systems is to test the performance of the controller devices. Testing the controllers with a traditional hardware-based real-time simulator is an effective approach for validation of the controllers. However, it is very costly. This paper introduces a software-based real-time simulator, which is a simple but useful tool for evaluating the controller hardware that will eventually implement the control algorithms in the field. In the proposed structure, the distribution system is simulated in PSCAD (an offline power system simulator) and the control algorithms are implemented in a physical controller hardware. An algorithm is proposed to enforce PSCAD to run in real-time under certain conditions. Therefore, the developed interfacing structure and real-time enforcement scheme provide a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation tool that can test the performance of controllers in a system. The proposed simulator is validated by several experimental case studies.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation LabVIEW power system simulation PSCAD.

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Software-Based hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation of Distribution Systems

Software-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop Real-Time Simulation of ...

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IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Saleh Ziaeinejad Ali Mehrizi-Sani School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University

ISBN: (纸本)9781509041695

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation LabVIEW Power system simulation PSCAD dispensing system Power Systems Computer Aided Design Power system simulation Controllers Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbenc Computer algorithms real-time simulation hardware IN THE loop Computer hardware

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FPGA Resource Optimization Method for hardware in the loop real-time simulation of Power Converters 34

FPGA Resource Optimization Method for Hardware in the Loop R...

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34th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Yuan, Jiaqi Guo, Xizheng Wang, Chenchen You, Xiaojie Beijing Jiaotong Univ Dept Elect Engn Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538683309

For the hardware-In-The-loop (HIL) real-time simulation of power converters, it is contradictory between the model precision and FPGA resources when the power converter model is implemented in FPGA. To optimize FPGA resources, the quantitative relation of the time step, word-length, and model precision have been studied. Based on the Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR) theory, this paper proposes a quantitative algorithm to choose optimal time step and word-length that meet the model precision to minimize the FPGA resources in HIL real-time simulation. Taking the three-phase inverter with LC filter as the example, the algorithm has been proven by the offline simulation results. The comparative analysis results show that the word-length for 21 bits, time step for 100ns are the optimal choice to minimize the FPGA resources. Finally, this method is verified by comparing the HIL real-time simulation results with the real experimental results.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation model precision FPGA resources time step word-length

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An integrated algorithm for vehicle stability improvement with the coordination of direct yaw moment and four-wheel steering control

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEHICLE DESIGN 2017年第3期74卷 231-256页

作者： Yong, Jiawang Gao, Feng Ding, Nenggen He, Yuping Beihang Univ Dept Automot Engn 37 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Univ Ontario Inst Technol Dept Automot Mech & Mfg Engn Oshawa ON L1H 7K4 Canada

This paper presents an integrated algorithm for enhancing vehicle stability with the coordination of four-wheel steering and direct yaw moment control based on a hierarchical control structure. At the upper level of the integrated control system, the desired four-wheel steering angles and yaw moment are derived using a sliding mode control technique;at the lower level, the control inputs are optimised and implemented using a pseudo-inverse method. A 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) vehicle model is generated to design the integrated control algorithm, and an 8-DOF non-linear vehicle model is developed for numerical simulations. The algorithm is evaluated using a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation system (HILS) with the physical implementation of active four-wheel steering and differential braking. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can enhance vehicle handling and stability under different operating conditions.

关键词： sliding mode control four-wheel steering direct yaw moment electric booster brake system integrated vehicle stability control hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation

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Design and validation of a robust active trailer steering system for multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles

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VEHICLE SYSTEM DYNAMICS 2019年第10期57卷 1545-1571页

作者： Ni, Zhituo He, Yuping Univ Ontario Inst Technol Dept Automot Mech & Mfg Engn Oshawa ON Canada

Multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles (MTAHVs) are increasingly used around the world due to their economic and environmental benefits. However, MTAHVs exhibit poor maneuverability and low lateral stability, which may lead to fatal traffic accidents. Given the safety risks, it is necessary to solve the steering and stability problems of MTAHVs before they are safely mass deployed on our roads. To this end, active trailer steering (ATS) based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique has been explored. The LQR-based ATS demonstrates improved maneuverability and enhanced lateral stability. In the ATS design, the vehicle and operating parameters are assumed constant. Thus, it is natural to question the robustness of the ATS in presence of vehicle and operating parameter uncertainties. To address the problem, this paper proposes a robust ATS system. The robust ATS controller is designed using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based LQR method. In the design, both vehicle and steering actuator parameter uncertainties are considered;to enhance the robustness of the ATS, the weighting matrices of the proposed controller are optimized. The robust controller is applied to an A-Train Double, one type of MTAHV. The effectiveness of the robust ATS is demonstrated using numerical and hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulations.

关键词： Robust active trailer steering LMI-based LQR directional performance multi-trailer articulated heavy vehicles numerical simulation hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation

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Coordinated protection and control strategy with wind power integration for distribution network

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JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING-JOE 2018年第15期2018卷 1204-1208页

作者： Liu, Zhou Hoidalen, Hans Kristian Saha, Murari Mohan Popov, Marjan Delft Univ Technol Dept Elect Sustainable Energy Intelligent Elevt P Delft Netherlands Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Elect Power Engn Dept Trondheim Norway

In this study, an optimal protection and control coordination strategy is proposed, which pursues to prevent unwanted protection and control operations caused by wind power integration, as well as adjust the emergency states of the power system to stable operation conditions. Moreover, in order to implement the proposed strategies, a hardware in-the-loop real-time simulation and testing platform is built up to demonstrate those unexpected protective control operations and testify the related solutions in a test distribution network. The related case studies and simulation results can demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： power system protection power grids power system reliability distribution networks distributed power generation power generation control wind power plants coordinated protection control strategy wind power integration optimal protection control coordination strategy unwanted protection emergency states power system stable operation conditions hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation unexpected protective control operations test distribution network related case studies

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