A relative navigation and formation control algorithm for satellite formation flying was developed, and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation testbed was established and configured to evaluate this algorithm. The al...
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A relative navigation and formation control algorithm for satellite formation flying was developed, and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation testbed was established and configured to evaluate this algorithm. The algorithm presented is a relative navigation estimation algorithm using double-difference carrier-phase and single-difference code measurements based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF). In addition, a state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique is utilized as a nonlinear controller for the formation control problem. The state-dependent coefficient (SDC) form is formulated to include nonlinearities in the relative dynamics. To evaluate the relative navigation and control algorithms developed, a closed-loop H I L testbed is configured. To demonstrate the performance of the testbed, a test formation flying scenario comprising formation acquisition and keeping in a low earth orbit (LEO) has been established. The relative navigation results from the closed-loopsimulations show that a 3D RMS of 0.07 in can be achieved for position accuracy. The targeted leader follower formation flying in the along-track separation of 100 m was maintained with a mean position error of approximately 0.2 m and a standard deviation of 0.9 m. The simulation results show that the NIL testbed is capable of successful demonstration of the GPS-based satellite autonomous formation flying mission. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In this paper, the practicality and feasibility of Active Force Control (AFC) integrated with Fuzzy Logic(AFCAFL) applied to a two link planar arm actuated by a pair of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) is inves...
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In this paper, the practicality and feasibility of Active Force Control (AFC) integrated with Fuzzy Logic(AFCAFL) applied to a two link planar arm actuated by a pair of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) is investigated. The study emphasizes on the application and control of PAM actuators which may be considered as the new generation of actuators comprising fluidic muscle that has high-tension force, high power to weight ratio and high strength in spite of its drawbacks in the form of high nonlinearity behaviour, high hysteresis and time varying parameters. Fuzzy Logic (FL) is used as a technique to estimate the best value of the inertia matrix of robot arm essential for the AFC mechanism that is complemented with a conventional Propor- tional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control at the outermost loop. A simulation study was first performed followed by an experi- mental investigation for validation. The experimental study was based on the independent joint tracking control and coordinated motion control of the arm in Cartesian or task space. In the former, the PAM actuated arm is commanded to track the prescribed trajectories due to harmonic excitations at the joints for a given frequency, whereas for the latter, two sets of trajectories with different loadings were considered. A practical rig utilizing a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) configuration was developed and a number of experiments were carried out. The results of the experiment and the simulation works were in good agreement, which verified the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed AFCAFL scheme actuated by PAM.
Many traffic signal control systems used in the U.S. have Emergency Vehicle Preemption (EVP) systems that change traffic signals to clear an intersection for emergency vehicles. However, one of the challenges of imple...
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Many traffic signal control systems used in the U.S. have Emergency Vehicle Preemption (EVP) systems that change traffic signals to clear an intersection for emergency vehicles. However, one of the challenges of implementing EVP under coordinated-actuated signal systems is selecting the best recovery method at the end of preemption such that disruptions to normal traffic signal operations may be minimized. To this end, there have been lots of research efforts which have compared the performances of various transition methods after EVP operations using microscopic traffic simulation models, hardware-in-the-loop simulations (HILS) or softwarein-the-loopsimulations (SILS). However, few attempted to implement exit phase controls during the EVP operations, which is available in recent advanced traffic controllers such as the ASC/3-2100 traffic controller. This paper was intended to report the evaluation results of two types of exit phase control - (i) fixed exit phase control and (ii) dynamic exit phase control during EVP operations. The evaluation was conducted using a HILS on an urban corridor including four coordinated-actuated signals along Lee Jackson Memorial Highway in Chantilly, Virginia. The evaluation results indicated that (i) the use of fixed exit phase control should be considered in the development of EVP strategies as it is able to minimize disruptions due to the EVP operation, and (ii) the dynamic exit phase control is capable to give an additional benefit during EVP operations. In the evaluation, the fixed and dynamic exit phase control reduced network-wide average delay time in seconds per vehicle to 2.8% and 4.5% over no exit phase control case, respectively.
For the research of mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), hardware in the loopsimulation (HILS) is introduced to improve simulation fidelity. The architectures and frameworks of HILS system are discussed. Based on HILS and ...
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For the research of mobile Ad hoc network (MANET), hardware in the loopsimulation (HILS) is introduced to improve simulation fidelity. The architectures and frameworks of HILS system are discussed. Based on HILS and QualNet network simulator, two kinds of simulation frameworks for MANET multicast emergency communication network are proposed. By running simulation under this configuration and doing experiments with on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP), unicast and multicast functions of this protocol are tested. Research results indicate that HILS method can effectively reduce the difficulty of system modeling and improve precision of simulation, and can further accelerate transition from design to system deployment.
The paper describes a chain of tools aimed at the development and validation of energy management strategies (EMS) for hybrid powertrains. These tools comprise an offline optimizer based on Pontryagin minimum principl...
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The paper describes a chain of tools aimed at the development and validation of energy management strategies (EMS) for hybrid powertrains. These tools comprise an offline optimizer based on Pontryagin minimum principle (PMP) and the online equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), both implemented in a dynamic simulation platform and as a real-time controller in a semi-physical testing equipment. The results presented are aimed at illustrating the continuity of the various approaches by comparing the offline-generated energy management laws with their online counterparts, both in terms of trajectories over time and in terms of global results (fuel consumption, state-of-charge deviations). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Traditionally in multi-spacecraft missions (e.g. formation flying, rendezvous) the GNSS-based relative positioning and attitude determination problem are treated as independent. In this contribution we will investigat...
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Traditionally in multi-spacecraft missions (e.g. formation flying, rendezvous) the GNSS-based relative positioning and attitude determination problem are treated as independent. In this contribution we will investigate the possibility to use multi-antenna data from each spacecraft, not only for attitude determination, but also to improve the relative positioning between spacecraft. Both for ambiguity resolution and accuracy of the baseline solution, we will show the theoretical improvement achievable as a function of the number of antennas on each platform. We concentrate on ambiguity resolution as the key to precise relative positioning and attitude determination and will show the theoretical limit of this kind of approach. We will use mission parameters of the European Proba-3 satellites in a software-based algorithm verification and a hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The software simulations indicated that this approach can improve single epoch ambiguity resolution up to 50% for relative positioning applying the typical antenna configurations for attitude determination. The hardware-in-the-loop simulations show that for the same antenna configurations, the accuracy of the relative positioning solution can improve up to 40%. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper presents a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time digital simulator for power electronic apparatus based on a realistic device-level behavioral model. A three-level 12-pulse voltage source con...
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This paper presents a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time digital simulator for power electronic apparatus based on a realistic device-level behavioral model. A three-level 12-pulse voltage source converter (VSC)-fed induction machine drive is implemented on the FPGA. The VSC model is computed at a fixed time step of 12.5 ns, allowing a realistic representation of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) nonlinear switching characteristics and power losses. The simulator also models a squirrel-cage induction machine, a direct field-oriented control system, and a pulsewidth modulator to achieve the real-time simulation of the complete drive system. All the models have been implemented using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL). Real-time simulation results have been validated using the measured device-level IGBT characteristics.
The research presented developed a hardware-in-the-loop system for testing in-truck safety technology. The paper describes the hardware and software components that were required to develop the system, how the various...
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The research presented developed a hardware-in-the-loop system for testing in-truck safety technology. The paper describes the hardware and software components that were required to develop the system, how the various components were integrated, and some initial validation tests of the system. Specifically, the paper describes how the hardware-in-the-loop system interacted with the TruckSim simulator to produce realistic results. The models used for the validation of the system are detailed;a demonstration of the system validity follows. The absolute and relative errors between the TruckSim simulation results and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation were demonstrated by a comparison of the temporal variation in velocity and the truck roll angle. The study demonstrated the benefits of an accurate hardware-in-the-loop system for testing future in-vehicle safety systems.
This paper deals with the current state-of-the-art in interfacing issues related to real-time digital simulators employed in the simulation of power systems and power-electronic systems. This paper provides an overvie...
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This paper deals with the current state-of-the-art in interfacing issues related to real-time digital simulators employed in the simulation of power systems and power-electronic systems. This paper provides an overview of technical challenges encountered and their solutions as the real-time digital simulators evolved. hardware-in-the-loop interfacing for controller hardware and power apparatus hardware are also presented.
The attitude of underwater intelligent munition is difficult to be determined because its movement on near surface is subject to wind, wave and ocean current disturbance. An ocean wave model was established in the mat...
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The attitude of underwater intelligent munition is difficult to be determined because its movement on near surface is subject to wind, wave and ocean current disturbance. An ocean wave model was established in the mathematical and hardware-in-the-loop simulation stages. An attitude determination algorithm was given based on magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensors combining with the ocean wave model. The mathematical and hardware-in-the-loop simulation tests of the underwater intelligent munitions were carried out. The test results show that the attitude determination methods discussed in this paper can effectively resist the complex interference. The results provide a reference for the design of the attitude control system and the shipping test of the underwater intelligent munitions.
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