Hybrid electric buses have been a promising technology to dramatically lower fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, while energy management strategy (EMS) is a critical technology to the improvements in f...
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Hybrid electric buses have been a promising technology to dramatically lower fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, while energy management strategy (EMS) is a critical technology to the improvements in fuel economy for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). In this paper, a suboptimal EMS is developed for the real-time control of a series-parallel hybrid electric bus. It is then investigated and verified in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation system constructed on PT-LABCAR, a commercial real-time simulator. First, an optimal EMS is obtained via iterative dynamic programming (IDP) by defining a cost function over a specific drive cycle to minimize fuel consumption, as well as to achieve zero battery state-of-charge (SOC) change and to avoid frequent clutch operation. The IDP method can lower the computational burden and improve the accuracy. Second, the suboptimal EMS for real-time control is developed by constructing an Elman neural network (NN) based on the aforementioned optimal EMS, so the real-time suboptimal EMS can be used in the vehicle control unit (VCU) of the hybrid bus. The real VCU is investigated and verified utilizing a HIL simulator in a virtual forward-facing HEV environment consisting of vehicle, driver and driving environment. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed real-time suboptimal EMS by the neural network can coordinate the overall hybrid powertrain of the hybrid bus to optimize fuel economy over different drive cycles, and the given drive cycles can be tracked while sustaining the battery SOC level. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An efficient and reliable flight Mach controller is specially needed for an aircraft. A Flight mach fuzzy controller based on modern fuzzy control theory is designed for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using a turboj...
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An efficient and reliable flight Mach controller is specially needed for an aircraft. A Flight mach fuzzy controller based on modern fuzzy control theory is designed for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using a turbojet engine. The theory and process of designing control law are introduced and its control performance is optimized by changing the scale factors. In order to evaluate the control performance, a mathematical simulation system and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform are built. The mathematical simulation and HIL simulation are carried out respectively, and the simulation results are compared. The evaluation shows good control performance to stabilize the UAV flight Mach number to the target one quickly by controlling the engine work condition.
This paper presents a 9-Degree of Freedom (DOF) vehicle model combined with a closed loop driver model for developing vehicle lateral control. The driver model was developed to control the steering angle and uses pred...
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hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation is known as a reliable approach for testing and verification of the control system of hybrid vehicles. In this paper, a low-cost functional HiL test bench is utilised to test and ...
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The article deals with hardware-in-the-loop simulation of active-adaptive power grids that are complicated integrated energy-generating and communication infrastructures of distributed electrical-engineering complexes...
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作者：
Rathogwa, Khangwelo LoydKrishnamurthy, Senthil
Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Cape Peninsula University of Technology P.O. Box 1906 Bellville Cape Town7535 South Africa
Large generators are essential components in a power plant for ensuring the steady production and delivery of electric power for various purposes;thus, the generator protection system significantly impacts power syste...
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This paper describes a hardware-in-the-loop simulation of massive-payload manipulation on orbit using a master–slave teleoperation system. The main problems in teleoperating a space robot arm from the earth to manipu...
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Recently, applications of VSC-HVDC systems to power systems are growing because of their control ability of reactive power. Meanwhile, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) based on the real-time digital simulato...
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Recently, applications of VSC-HVDC systems to power systems are growing because of their control ability of reactive power. Meanwhile, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) based on the real-time digital simulator has been applying to develop and test imbedded controllers and systems in the power industry to decrease costs and to save time. In this paper, a 3-level neutral point clamped (NPC) VSC-HVDC system is modeled and the embedded controllers of the NPC VSC-HVDC system are designed. The designed controllers are implemented by TMS320F28335. The TMS320F28335-based controllers of the NPC VSC-HVDC system are tested using the HILS.
This paper proposes a design approach for the network configuration of brake-by-wire (BBW) systems using the FlexRay communication protocol. Owing to the absence of mechanical or hydraulic back-ups, the BBW system nee...
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This paper describes the design and execution of a hardware-in-the-loop (NIL) simulation system as an integral part of various autonomous driving programs. The intent of this work is to design and develop a laboratory...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424417674
This paper describes the design and execution of a hardware-in-the-loop (NIL) simulation system as an integral part of various autonomous driving programs. The intent of this work is to design and develop a laboratory environment to support the development, test and verification of many functions and algorithms related to sensor-guided autonomous driving. The focus is on extending conventional HIL simulation to vehicle interactions with other vehicles on traffic and with simulated surrounding environment sensed by simulated sensors. Included in the HIL simulation are active steering system with combined electric power steer and active front steer actuators, four corner by-wire electromechanical brakes and their corresponding electric control units, in addition to the prototype processors, which are all connected under the same communication architecture as implemented in a prototype vehicle. As a result, this HIL simulation seamlessly bridges the gap between pure offline simulation and in-vehicle development, and greatly shortens the research and development process.
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