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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Kia, Shahin Hedayati Razik, Hubert Dunai, Larisa University of Picardie"Jules Verne" 33 rue St Leu Amiens80039 France Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 43 Bd. du 11 Nov. 1918 Villeurbanne69622 France Departamento Ingeniería Gráfica Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera s/n Valencia46022 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

This article reviews selected research focused on digital real-time simulation for the intelligent condition monitoring of electrical machines. Traditional multi-physical digital simulations have been broadly used in industrial product manufacturing and processing, particularly in virtual testing under regular and harsh working conditions, aging, and life-cycle analysis. Recent progress in data communication and information technologies based on virtual reality, cloud computing, parallel processing, machine learning, large-scale/big data, and the Internet of Things has allowed the development of intelligent physical and mathematical models with the primary capability of real-time bilateral data transfer with a physical unit. This new trend leads to perform condition-based monitoring, fault diagnosis, prognostics and life-cycle analysis more efficiently. An overview of the recent progress and challenges in the above research topic is presented. The primary emphasis is on the real-time multi-physical modeling of electrical machines, which are broadly utilized in industrial plants. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Solution of Active Safety for Virtual Track Train Based on RRT∗ and MPC 27

Solution of Active Safety for Virtual Track Train Based on R...

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27th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2024

作者： Jing, Zhipeng Lu, Zhenggang Wang, Zehan Wei, Juyao Yin, Zheng Institute of rail transit Tongji University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9784886864406

Obstacle avoidance for Virtual Track Train (VTT) is a prominent focus in current research. This paper proposes a modular active safety solution for VTT, combining a path planning algorithm based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star (RRT*) with the Artificial Potential Field Method, a trajectory optimization algorithm using Bezier curves and a hierarchical path-tracking control algorithm based on model predictive control. The proposed solutions are validated using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform. The results show that the proposed path planning algorithm reduces computation time by 23.97% and decreases path gradient by 13.56% compared to traditional RRT∗. During simulation testing, the solution successfully plans and optimizes the obstacle avoidance path in 139 ms, achieving high tracking accuracy. © 2024 The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Real-Time simulation of the Initial Dynamic Model of CE in ePHASORsim: Issues and Troubleshooting 65

Real-Time Simulation of the Initial Dynamic Model of CE in e...

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65th IEEE Annual International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University, RTUCON 2024

作者： Ramirez-Gonzalez, M. Obushevs, A. Segundo Sevilla, F.R. Korba, P. Institute of Energy Systems and Fluid Engineering ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365771

Power system simulation models are crucial for planning and operational studies. Besides, due to the advantages of real-time and hardware-in-the-loop testing where a set of physical components are integrated into a software ecosystem for different research purposes, there is an increasing need to transfer large and practical power system models available in offline platforms to real-time environments. On this subject, this paper presents the main issues encountered by the authors when transferring the Initial Dynamic Model of Continental Europe from an available P SS/E database to OPAL-RT's ePHASORsim. Power flow and dynamic simulation troubleshooting was carried out to allow the appropriate model deployment in the target real-time platform. simulation results from selected study cases illustrate the successful implementation and execution of the considered power system model in an OPAL-RT real-time simulator setup based on the OP5600 equipment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Testing a Non-directional Overcurrent Protection Relay: Power-hardware-in-The loop Approach 4

Testing a Non-directional Overcurrent Protection Relay: Powe...

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4th International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, SGRE 2024

作者： Phan, Le Nam Hai Melo, Andre Felipe Silva Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco University of South Eastern Norway Digital Energy Systems Laboratory Porsggrunn Norway University of Seville Department of Electrical Engineering Seville Spain Loughborough University Digital Energy Systems Laboratory Loughborough United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306262

The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) approach is being increasingly recognised and utilised as a highly effective way to bridge the gap between simulation and real conditions. Real-time simulation offers high-performance capabilities to produce high-fidelity results in HIL simulations. Real-time HIL testing is becoming popular in power systems and power electronics applications. This paper presents a real-time HIL implementation for testing the power system protection relay, which can provide the incorporation of physical protection devices within the control loop of the simulation testbed. For this purpose, the test system with a non-directional overcurrent protection relay is designed and simulated in the real-time domain using the Typhoon HIL framework to analyse the protection relay's performance when subjected to faults and different characteristic settings. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Identification of unstable, under-actuated systems with non-linear dynamic behaviour 10

Identification of unstable, under-actuated systems with non-...

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10th IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering, ISSE 2024

作者： Gollner, Marian Jacobitz, Sven Liu-Henke, Xiaobo Frerichs, Ludger Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences Institute for Mechatronics Department of Mechanical Engineering Salzdahlumer Str. 46/48 WolfenbüttelD-38302 Germany Technical University Braunschweig Institute for Mobile Machines and Commercial Vehicles Department of Mechanical Engineering Langer Kamp 19a BraunschweigD-38106 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353723

This paper investigates the identification and control of unstable, under-actuated systems with non-linear dynamic behaviour. Due to their instability and non-linear responses to conventional control techniques, these systems pose a particular challenge for precise modelling and effective control. To address these problems, we developed a methodical, model-based approach using rapid control prototyping (RCP), which is based on physical models and integrates the processes model-in-the-loop (MiL), software-in-the-loop (SiL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL). The methodological framework includes the identification of system dynamics using measurement data-based approaches and the verification of the models to ensure their accuracy. By applying these models to the specific example of the S-Mobile, a highly dynamic intralogistics system with a spherical electric drive, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. The results show improved model accuracy and robust control of the system, emphasising its potential applicability in similarly complex technical systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Field Test and Operation of Utility-Scale Battery Energy Storage System for Fast Frequency Response 24

Field Test and Operation of Utility-Scale Battery Energy Sto...

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24th EEEIC International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 8th I and CPS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC/I and CPS Europe 2024

作者： Mitsugi, Yasuaki Terazono, Takahiro Niimi, Hiroaki Boddupalli, Sarang Kitahara, Masamichi Iwaya, Takuma Tmeic Corporation Tokyo Japan Nippon Koei Energy Europe B.V. Rotterdam Netherlands Nippon Koei Energy Solutions Co. Ltd. Fukushima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355185

Fast frequency response (FFR) of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is an effective way to mitigate the grid frequency deviations induced by the fluctuation of power generation from the variable renewable energy resources and the reduced system inertia caused by decreased number of synchronous generators. According to the above trends, several grid operators have launched the scheme of the procurement of FFR resources from the market, by specifying the technical requirements of FFR such as response speed, the deadband, and droop coefficient. Although there are many researchers investigating the effect of the FFR characteristics on the grid frequency stabilization, most of them have been performed based on either of offline time domain simulation or hardware-in-the-loop simulation. This paper exhibits the operational waveform of the 49.5MW utility-scale BESS in GB, which started the commercial operation in July-2023 in GB. In addition, the field experimental results of FFR with various FFR characteristics are shown in order to study the effect of the response speed and the droop characteristics of FFR on the BESS performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Testing Functional Capabilities of Commercial Grid Forming Inverters Using a Power hardware-in-the-loop Setup 52

Testing Functional Capabilities of Commercial Grid Forming I...

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52nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2024

作者： Hernandez-Alvidrez, Javier Darbali-Zamora, Rachid Flicker, Jack D. Gurule, Nicholas S. Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM87185 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464260

Incorporating grid-forming inverters (GFMI) into a power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) setup presents critical stability challenges if the GFMI is not interfaced properly. Attempting to use the classic ideal transformer method (ITM) to interface a GFMI may pose the risk of catastrophic damage to either the GFMI or the power amplifier. This is caused by the lack of a synchronization mechanism in some commercially available GFMI designed to operate in isochronous mode only. This paper introduces novel PHIL interfaces to test and validate the capabilities of commercially available GFMI under practical scenarios like blackstarts and survival under the loss of the last available generating source. Furthermore, some safety and protection practices for GFMI PHIL setups are presented. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Vehicles With an Ai-Controlled Surrounding Vehicle in a Practice-Relevant Context 27

Realizing Scenario-Based Verification Tests of Automated Veh...

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27th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2024

作者： Beringhoff, Felix Greenyer, Joel Roesener, Christian Tichy, Matthias Volkswagen Ag Wolfsburg Germany Fhdw Hannover Hannover30173 Germany Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505929

Scenario-based testing is seen as a key for the verification and validation of automated vehicles (AV). In a test scenario, the AV is tested under pre-defined traffic conditions. However, realizing those traffic conditions is challenging due to the autonomously behaving AV. The AV decides on its own, whether it gets into the test scenario conditions at all, e.g., by deciding on which lane it wants to drive or at which velocity it is driving. In order to influence the AV's decision making in a required way to realize a test scenario condition, we implement a novel AI method for controlling a surrounding vehicle (SV) of the AV. The AI-controlled SV (AISV) consists of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent which is trained to, e.g., nudge the AV into changing lanes. In contrast to current common practice, this approach does not require the manual tailoring of triggers and actions for controlling the SV. In this paper, we report on a working design of the RL framework and experiments regarding three different training scopes for the RL agent. We distinguish specialized agents which are trained to reach a single scenario condition and two sorts of generalized agents which shall be capable of reaching a set of scenario conditions. The results show that specialized agents perform the best with a success rate of up to 100 %. However, the generalized agents perform better in realizing scenario conditions which are not known to the agent from training. We also report on an implementation of the approach in a hardware-in-the-loop-simulation (HIL) test bench used in industrial practice and discuss a first try-out. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Enabling the capabilities of hardware in the loop for steering feel characterization on a dynamic simulator

Enabling the capabilities of Hardware in the Loop for steeri...

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14th International Munich Chassis Symposium, IMCS 2023

作者： Anticaglia, Alessio Veneroso, Luca Alfatti, Federico Vitaliti, Daniele Annicchiarico, Claudio Capitani, Renzo DIEF Universität Florenz Florenz Italy Meccanica 42 srl Sesto Fiorentino Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783662703472

hardware in the loop (HiL) simulation techniques are becoming increasingly important in the automotive field as a development and validation tool. Dynamic driver-in-the-loop simulators, thanks to the motion feedback, offer the possibility to test the vehicle virtual model, both objectively and subjectively, with a very immersive driving experience. Static simulators, on the other hand, provide an opportunity to introduce real hardware components in the simulation loop, allowing for a very accurate analysis of the physical components as well as control strategies in all functional conditions. This work aims to elevate the effectiveness of these tools, unveiling the potential available by coupling a hardware in the loop steering bench to a dynamic simulator using a Steering Feedback Unit and a Steering Robot remotely connected in real-time. Firstly, the static steering test bench, which is intended as the state-of-the-art baseline, is described. Secondly, the torque and feedback actuators installation onto the dynamic simulator is presented. Steering feeling evaluation tests are then carried out, to compare the performances of the two architectures. Lastly, the results are analysed in terms of some relevant magnitudes, related to the proposed testing methodology, for both hardware implementation and steering feel characterization. With the proposed test bench architecture, the investigation shows relevant results, indicating that all the capabilities of the state-of-the-art static steering test bench can be fully translated to a dynamic simulator as well, resulting in an unprecedented level of technical utility and driving fidelity. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Implementation of a variable-geometry suspension-based steering control system

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VEHICLE SYSTEM DYNAMICS 2022年第6期60卷 2018-2035页

作者： Fenyes, Daniel Fazekas, Mate Nemeth, Balazs Gaspar, Peter Budapest Univ Technol & Econ Dept Control Transportat & Vehicle Syst Budapest Hungary Eotvos Lorand Res Network ELKH Inst Comp Sci & Control SZTAKI Syst & Control Lab Budapest Hungary

The paper proposes the implementation of a control system for a variable-geometry suspension to achieve steering functionality. The implementation is performed in a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation environment with a unique suspension test bed. The purpose of the control system is to achieve path-following functionality for the vehicle with automatic steering based on the proposed system. The paper proposes the design and the implementation of a hierarchical control system. The high-level control is responsible for the computation of the requested steering angle, and the low-level control aims to realise the steering angle through the intervention of the linear actuator in the suspension system. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is demonstrated through HiL simulation examples.

关键词： Variable-geometry suspension hardware-in-the-loop simulation controller implementation model predictive control

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