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GNSS-based hardware-in-the-loop simulations of spacecraft formation flying with the global ionospheric model TIEGCM

GPS SOLUTIONS 2021年第2期25卷 65-65页

作者： Peng, YuXiang Scales, Wayne A. Lin, Dong Virginia Tech Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Qualcomm Technol Inc Santa Clara CA 95051 USA Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Boulder CO 80301 USA

Low-earth-orbit (LEO) spacecraft formation flying (SFF) simulated on the Virginia Tech Formation Flying Testbed (VTFFTB) demonstrated the feasibility of detecting simplified ionospheric electron density (Ne) structures (i.e., one-dimensional equatorial plasma bubbles/EPBs) utilizing a differential total electron content (TEC) method. The Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) is used to greatly enhance the ionospheric Ne simulation capability and fidelity (e.g., dimension, resolution, more realistic space weather processes) of GNSS-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations in the current work. An algorithm is developed to incorporate TIEGCM 4D ionospheric Ne profiles into the VTFFTB HIL infrastructure by simulating the TEC impacts on multi-band GNSS signals. First, a series of first-principle analyses on ionospheric Ne retrieval accuracy are presented using software-based LEO SFF simulations in the TIEGCM ionosphere. Subsequently, two HIL ionospheric space weather observation simulation test cases, EPB and Tongues-of-Ionization (TOI), are simulated on the VTFFTB to demonstrate the enhanced 4D ionospheric simulation capability and evaluate the Ne retrieval characteristics. The Ne retrieval techniques are validated and characterized in the TIEGCM ionosphere via both software and HIL simulations. In principle, the technique developed is expected to be applicable to other similar simulation platforms, as well as other global or regional ionospheric models. This is advantageous for future GNSS testing, HIL simulations, and technology developments.

关键词： GNSS hardware-in-the-loop simulation Satellite formation flying Ionosphere Space weather TIEGCM

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Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) Based Direct Tapping Method for High Voltage DC Transmission Networks

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) Based Direct Tapping Meth...

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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Alshammari, Sulaiman Alharbi, Mohammed Burugula, Vasishta Alosaimi, Hamdan Aladhyani, Hadhlul Bhattacharya, Subhashish North Carolina State University RaleighNC United States King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems have emerged as pivotal infrastructures for long-distance power transmission, yet facing challenges in integrating renewable energy sources or providing lower DC voltage requirements. This digest introduces a novel approach employing a modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology to directly tap into HVDC networks. The proposed method comprises two MMC converters interconnected via a medium frequency transformer, ensuring galvanic isolation. Compared to conventional line frequency approaches, leveraging medium frequency operation enhances power density, reduces the size of the transformer, and reduces both the submodule (SM) capacitor voltage ripple and circulating current of the MMC. The topology also enables bidirectional power flow, DC voltage stepping down, and enhances overall efficiency. Validation through PSCAD/EMTDC simulations and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing utilizing the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) platform demonstrates the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed solution. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Implementation of a Hybrid hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) Test System for Automotive Software Validation and Verification 11

Implementation of a Hybrid Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Test S...

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11th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference, SIIMC 2024

作者： Yadav, Vikaskumar Bhade, Nilesh Eaton India Innovation Center India

The automotive industry relies heavily on software to enhance safety, performance, and user experience. The increasing complexity of automotive software demands rigorous testing methodologies. Ensuring the quality and reliability of this software is critical. In this paper, an innovative approach to software validation and verification using a Hybrid hardware-In-the-loop (HIL) test system has been proposed. This methodology integrates diverse hardware and software tools to establish a flexible and efficient testing environment. HIL environment can evaluate Device Under Test (DUT) with minimal alterations. This comprehensive solution includes the development of test strategies, plant model simulation, and compliance assurance, all in accordance with automotive standards such as ASPICE, ISO26262. Introduction of a Personality module for Automotive ECU (DUT), enables testing of multiple products using the same HIL setup. This is achieved by loading a DUT-specific signal mapping configuration and adjusting the plant model simulation using a reconfigurable Input/Output of HIL device. This approach ensures a flexible and efficient testing process. The consistent test infrastructure, automation framework, and adaptable software repository facilitate smooth transitions as the DUT evolves. Furthermore, this approach has been extended to testing of control algorithms in power electronics domain. In this process power electronics high voltage components are converted to their equivalent transfer function that serves as a hardware-software interface. The equivalent circuits are then simulated using Simulink (an equivalent mathematical equation model) or circuit simulation model, facilitated by high-speed FPGA devices and a real-time operating system. This methodology complies with industry standards and safety requirements, providing a robust solution for automotive software testing. © 2024 Eaton Intelligent Power, Ltd.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Analyzing R/X Stability Regions of Parallel Grid-Connected Inverters Using hardware-in-the-loop Approach 25

Analyzing R/X Stability Regions of Parallel Grid-Connected I...

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25th IEEE International Conference of Young Professionals in Electron Devices and Materials, EDM 2024

作者： Veretennikov, Ilya O. Idrisov, Ildar N. Rahman, Mumu M. Vasilev, Stepan P. Parsegov, Sergei E. Ibanez, Federico M. Center for Energy Science and Technology Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350389234

This paper investigates the critical issue of ensuring stable operation in grid-connected inverters and inverter-based distribution grids, focusing on the influence of variable R/X ratios and parallel connections of inverters on system stability in weak grids. Utilizing the power-hardware-in-the-loop methodology, an experimental setup is designed for authentic assessments of grid-connected inverters under diverse conditions. This setup includes an RTDS real-time simulator, a Ponovo 4-quadrant amplifier, a real 4 kW inverter, and a modeled grid with simulated inverters, connected in parallel with the real inverter. The results include experimentally obtained stability regions considering grid R and L parameters. Notably, findings indicate an expanded stability region with parallel inverters, enabling operation with lower R/X ratios. This research contributes to understanding inverter stability at a distribution level of 0.4 kV. The insights gained are crucial for improving grid-connected inverter performance and streamlining the integration of renewable energy sources, thereby advancing the reliability and sustainability of power systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Line protection systems with 5G communications

Line protection systems with 5G communications

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2024 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe Conference, ISGT EUROPE 2024

作者： Sanchez-Acevedo, Santiago Zerihun, Tesfaye Amare Katoulaei, Mohammad Khalili Høidalen, Hans Kristian Zinner, Thomas Sintef Energy Research Department of Energy Systems Trondheim Norway Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Energy Systems Trondheim Norway Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Information Security and Communication Technology Trondheim Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9789531842976

This paper analyses communications-assisted accelerated line protection scheme using 5G communication between two substations. The primary goal is to eliminate the reliance on traditional wired communication methods typically used for line protection trips during fault conditions at distant ends of the line. The study employs a hardware-in-the-loop setup, featuring hardware intelligent electronic devices and a real-time simulator to model virtual merging units of the substations. A realistic operational private 5G network is utilized as the wide area communication infrastructure for the accelerated distance protection. Experimental results in a laboratory environment demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing 5G technology for enhancing line protection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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APPLICATION OF VECTOR-BASED VALIDATION MEASURES IN POWER-hardware-IN-THE-loop TESTING OF WIND TURBINES 23

APPLICATION OF VECTOR-BASED VALIDATION MEASURES IN POWER-HAR...

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23rd Wind and Solar Integration Workshop, WIW 2024

作者： Hans, Florian Mondal, Sourjya Zuga, Adam Quistorf, Gesa Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES Am Luneort 100 Bremerhaven27572 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242689

Integrating renewable energy sources into power grids poses challenges for manufacturers and grid operators. Accelerated production and time-to-market phases require effective testing aligned with current standards. Conventional field testing is simple and allows testing complete power generation units (PGUs), while hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test benches offer shorter testing periods, reproducible conditions, and greater flexibility via real-time simulations. Studies show that PGU behavior on test benches can match field behavior, usually validated by fault ride-through tests. However, when field measurements are unavailable or new testing methods are developed, the accuracy of HIL simulation concepts may be questioned. This paper proposes a method for validating power HIL (PHIL) testing using vector-based measures. Physical quantities are collected in generalized vectors, allowing the application of Euclidean vector norm and cosine similarity. Unlike methods based on symmetrical components that require filtering, the proposed vector-based approach is valid for both steady-state and transient assessments. Applying the concept to three-phase PHIL simulations in wind turbine testing, the paper discusses advantages and limitations through three example applications. It demonstrates how the method can be used to validate requirements on test equipment, compare test bench and field measurements, and evaluate PHIL simulation quality when benchmark data is unavailable. © Energynautics GmbH.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Mitigating Voltage Fluctuations in Grid-Tied PV Systems: Power Quality Enhancement 3

Mitigating Voltage Fluctuations in Grid-Tied PV Systems: Pow...

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3rd International Conference on Computational Modelling, simulation and Optimization, ICCMSO 2024

作者： Khan, Sheena Tahira Joshi, Vilas Ramrao Bhardwaj, Deepak Sharma, Surender Kumar Waheed, Shaikh Abdul Sharma, Deepak K. Poornima University Department of Electrical Engineering Jaipur India ISBM College of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Maharashtra Pune India Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Professional Studies Department of Mechanical Engineering New Delhi India GH Raisoni College of Engineering and Management Pune India Savitribai Phule Pune University Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Maharashtra Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361391

This paper investigates voltage fluctuations in grid-tied Photovoltaic (PV) systems, employing advanced methodologies within a 10 kW experimental setup that incorporates SunTech STP330-24/Vfw panels, an Advanced Power Electronics Inverter, and real-time monitoring, supported by MAT-LAB/Simulink simulations. Robust data collection utilizes real-time monitoring, data loggers, and a power quality analyzer, with calibration against simulated outputs. The integration of smart inverters, advanced control algorithms, real-time monitoring, energy storage, grid-interactive power electronics, and hardware in the loop simulation showcases substantial enhancements in power quality, stability, and response times. Key findings include minimal voltage fluctuations (0.25 V), a power quality index of 0.92, and rapid response times (12 ms). Comparative analyses validate proposed methodologies, emphasizing implications for heightened reliability, potential widespread adoption of advanced PV technologies, and informed policymaking for cleaner energy. This study makes a significant contribution to renewable energy goals, with suggested avenues for future research focusing on adaptability, buffering enhancement, iterative testing, and economic feasibility assessments, ensuring the continuous evolution of resilient and eco-friendly energy solutions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Fast Implementation of Image Preprocessing for SAR Scene Matching Guidance 4

Fast Implementation of Image Preprocessing for SAR Scene Mat...

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4th International Conference on Defence Technology, ICDT 2024

作者： Chen, Shuailin Nie, Hui Chen, Jinyu Dang, Yuanjie Zhang, Zhaoming Lang, Haowen Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute Xi’an China

The design of SAR scene matching guidance scheme and the hardware allocation of algorithm module are discussed in this paper. Aiming at the requirement of SAR image preprocessing module, a fast robust feature extraction preprocessing method based on FPGA is designed, and the fast implementation of Gabor filter and wavelet transform is completed. Through the hardware-in-the-loop simulation module test and experimental verification, the FPGA-based pre-processing fast implementation is about 60 times shorter than the DSP processing time, and the results of FPGA, DSP and digital simulation in the hardware-in-the-loop simulation process are consistent. The proposed method not only shortens the processing time of scene matching guidance system, but also ensures the accuracy of SAR image matching. © 2024 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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A CHIL Validation of Machine Learning-Assisted Methods for Real-Time Controls of Solar PV for Grid Services 52

A CHIL Validation of Machine Learning-Assisted Methods for R...

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52nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2024

作者： Mendiola, Emanuel Cai, Mengmeng Julien, Simon Yan, Weihang Wang, Jing Ganguly, Subhankar Liu, Tristan Jacobs, Zachary Gevorgian, Vahan National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO80401 United States Latimer Controls BoulderCO80301 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464260

Recent research has highlighted the potential for solar to act as a zero-marginal-cost and zero-emission flexibility resource on the bulk power system when operated with advanced control systems. To increase the performance of these systems, leading technologies, including machine learning (ML) and hierarchical inverter set point allocation, have been proposed;however, these technologies lack comprehensive validation under real-world application scenarios. This paper addresses this gap by designing and developing a controller-hardware-in-the-loop framework to evaluate the performance of different flexible solar technologies in responding to automatic generation control signals in a closed-loop fashion. simulation results indicate the superior performance of an ML-based approach compared to the conventional reference-control grouping-based approach, showcasing its potential to support grid stability and operational efficiency. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Perspective Transform-Based Lane Detection for Lane Keep Assistance 8th

Perspective Transform-Based Lane Detection for Lane Keep Ass...

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8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies, ICTCS 2023

作者： Gireesha, H.M. Aarya, K.H. Sahana, B.S. Lalita, J.S. Abhishek, V.S. Nissimagoudar, P.C. Iyer, Nalini C. KLE Technological University Karnataka Hubblli India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819994854

Modern cars employ Lane Keep Assist (LKA) as a crucial safety feature, using sensors and cameras to warn drivers when the vehicle veers off the road and correct it. hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is a powerful testing method to model sensor behaviour in controlled environments. Developers can assess LKA systems in diverse conditions, including road geometry, climate, and traffic patterns. HIL validation via dSPACE Scalexio provides a realistic and reliable platform for virtual testing. This paper used image processing techniques to achieve 95% accuracy in lane detection. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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