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2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2024

作者： Queiroz, Eliabe D. Leopoldino, André L. M. De Assis Ferreira, Douglas Maronni, Igor Alves De Arruda, Victor Cordeiro Pomilio, José Antenor Guerreiro, Joel Filipe Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil Eldorado Research Institute Campinas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376067

The operation of a grid-forming converter in unbalanced four-wire systems can benefit from a more flexible control, achievable through per-phase controllers. Nonetheless, the design of this controller requires a theoretical model that deals with nonlinear dynamics and accounts for couplings with other phases. This work presents a method using describing functions for linearization and whole system representation through state-space modeling. simulations of the linear model are compared to results obtained through hardware-in-the-loop simulation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Real-World Environment Validation and Characterization of Microgrid Building Blocks 50

Real-World Environment Validation and Characterization of Mi...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Chanda, Sayonsom Pannala, Sanjeev Hovsapian, Rob BoulderCO United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

Microgrids are essential for improving resilience and reliability of the distribution networks, however, diverse and often incompatible microgrid control technologies has impeded rapid scalability and deployment. Microgrid Building Blocks (MBBs) present a potential solution to address these interoperability challenges in control and communication systems. This paper proposes a comprehensive testing and validation framework for MBBs, utilizing advanced National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) physical assets and emulators in conjunction with hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulations, as a part of the ARIES platform. ARIES platform is well-equipped for an analysis of widely-used industrial protocols including Modbus, IEC 61850, and DNP3, as well as emerging communication technologies being used in the energy sector. The framework incorporates a performance metric for system evaluation, focusing on voltage and frequency stability, as well as communication latencies originating from MBB modules. The proposed framework aims to ensure rigorous validation of MBBs prior to their industrial deployment, thereby facilitating standardization and interoperability in microgrid control systems. A test case was performed with practical microgrid to verify the communication impacts. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Experimental assessment and validation of inertial behaviour of virtual synchronous machines

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IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION 2022年第9期16卷 1897-1907页

作者： Khan, Md Asif Uddin Hong, Qiteng Liu, Di Egea-Alvarez, Agusti Avras, Andreas Dysko, Adam Booth, Campbell Rostom, Djaved Univ Strathclyde Dept Elect & Elect Engn Glasgow Lanark Scotland Univ Strathclyde Power Networks & Demonstrat Ctr PNDC Glasgow Lanark Scotland Natl Grid ESO Network Operabil Faraday HouseWarwick Technol Pk Warwick England

Increasing integration of converter-interfaced renewable generation has led to significant operational challenges for power systems. Such challenges are mainly caused by the different capabilities and dynamic responses of the converters compared with synchronous machines, for example, converters do not naturally provide inertia to the system. Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) is considered as a promising solution to address the challenges associated with reduced system inertia via the provision of emulated inertial response to support the operation of converter-dominated power systems. However, it has been observed that the dynamic behaviour of the VSM could differ significantly from that of a Synchronous Condenser (SC) and a Synchronous Generator (SG) in terms of inertial response provision, even when the VSM is configured with the same inertia constant. Furthermore, effective practical methods for evaluating the damping performance of VSMs are not presently available. To gain a better understanding and achieve a more accurate assessment of the dynamic inertial and damping performance of VSMs, this paper presents an experimental methodology for systematic evaluation of the dynamic response of the VSM in the frequency domain using the Network Frequency Perturbation (NFP) method. Experimental design and implementation of the NFP method are presented to assess VSM system's equivalent inertia and damping constants, where the VSM system under test can be treated as a black box without any knowledge of internal settings and control design. Case studies are conducted, where the proposed experimental design has been applied for testing and assessing the inertial and damping constants of a physical 246 kVA VSM prototype driven by a Battery Energy Storage System with comparison of the SC and SG with equivalent inertia constant. Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) testing is also conducted to demonstrate the VSM's inertia performance. The studies demonstrate that the developed

关键词： inertial response provision developed experimental approach converter-dominated power systems dynamic inertial performance Network Frequency Perturbation method dynamic response dynamic behaviour internal settings VSM system effective practical methods damping constants virtual synchronous machines Power-hardware-in-the-loop testing converter-interfaced renewable generation inertia performance equivalent inertia inertial constants synchronous generators power grids network operators inertial behaviour Synchronous Generator Battery Energy Storage System hardware-in-the-loop simulation control design Synchronous Condenser battery storage plants reduced system inertia NFP method renewable energy sources emulated inertial response damping VSM prototype

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Educational HIL-Based Testing System for DC-DC Power Converter Control

Educational HIL-Based Testing System for DC-DC Power Convert...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Engineering Veracruz, ICEV 2024

作者： Chacon, Cristian Zamudio, Eduardo Ortega, Julio Estrada, Leonel Vazquez, Nimrod Limones, Cesar Tecnológico Nacional de México/ITS Del sur de Guanajuato Electronics Department Uriangato Mexico Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Celaya Electronics Department Celaya Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9798350391619

This paper presents the design, development, and implementation of reliable and cost-effective testing equipment based on hardware-In-The-loop (HIL) for evaluating and validating DC-DC power converter control systems, focusing on educational applications. HIL simulation provides significant advantages over traditional simulation methods by enabling rapid and safe testing of converter topologies under conditions that closely resemble actual operation given good mathematical modeling of the physical system. This system supports the monitoring and control of power converters, making it highly suitable for enhancing practical learning and training in educational environments. Utilizing LabVIEW and CompactRIO hardware, the developed HIL test equipment is fully customizable to the parameters of various DC-DC circuits, facilitating the design process and providing a hands-on learning experience. The results demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed HIL system, offering a robust and accessible solution to the challenges of existing commercial and customized HIL approaches in academic settings. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Power hardware-in-the-loop in Power System Education: an Experience on Power Quality Events 7

Power Hardware-in-the-Loop in Power System Education: an Exp...

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7th IEEE International Humanitarian Technologies Conference, IHTC 2024

作者： Lorusso, Francesco Iurlaro, Cosimo Ascatigno, Matteo La Scala, Massimo Bruno, Sergio DEI - Politecnico di Bari Bari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354645

Nowadays, remote lessons have become an important vehicle for teaching, thanks to the possibility of recording, re-watching, and sharing lessons. This option enables teaching even when the professor or students cannot be physically present. Furthermore, this approach can be extended to the sharing of laboratory activities, providing these educational experiences to students in schools that lack laboratories. In this paper, examples of laboratory activities concerning the power system field are presented. These experiments involved the use of power hardware-in-the-loop equipment that permits the students to edit the test case and experience the effects of different supply conditions on various electrical components. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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loop-Back based Physical-Layer Key Generation in FDD System Under hardware Impairments

Loop-Back based Physical-Layer Key Generation in FDD System ...

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2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2024

作者： Yang, Xuan Li, Dongming Southeast University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Nanjing211189 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351255

In the physical-layer key generation, the channel reciprocity is vulnerable to hardware impairments (HIs) that can adversely impact the performance of key generation, and the security of loop-back mechanism based schemes in frequency division duplex (FDD) systems remains to be improved. To enhance both channel reciprocity and system security, this paper proposes a secure and highly reciprocal key generation scheme in FDD system by increasing the number of loop backs. By transmitting signals via different frequency bands in the loop-back mechanism, the proposed scheme can eliminate the adverse effects of the variations in HIs across different frequency bands and can improve system security. The normalized mean square error performance of the proposed scheme is theoretically analyzed and the security of the proposed method is illustrated. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that by considering HIs differences during the design process, the proposed loop-back mechanism based scheme can enhance the channel reciprocity and achieve higher key generation ratio, and lower key disagreement rate compared with the state-of-the-art method. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Real-Time Lifetime Prediction of Semiconductor Devices Using hardware-in-the-loop 50

Real-Time Lifetime Prediction of Semiconductor Devices Using...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Gill, Lee Seo, Gab-Su Michaels, Alan J. Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM87123 United States Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA24061 United States Power Systems Engineering Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO80401 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

This paper presents a unique approach to enable real-time lifespan prediction of semiconductor power modules using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system. By integrating the module’s overall loss characteristics-specifically switching and conduction losses-with a thermoelectric model of the thermal management system, this research demonstrates that the model can dynamically estimates the junction temperature profile of the semiconductor devices in response to a changing torque demand profile for the motor drive system. This capability enables continuous monitoring of the module’s operational time and cumulative stress induced on the devices to compute accumulated remaining lifetime or time-to-failure (TTF). This study provides an architectural framework for the HIL system with high-fidelity component models of multiple physical domains, allowing simulation of dynamic behaviors of a closely-coupled motor drive system. The advanced real-time computation and measurement functionalities of the HIL system allow for both dynamic lifetime calculations based on simulated data and aggregate lifetime predictions utilizing historical data. Moreover, this paper details an algorithm that not only computes cumulative damage but also synthesizes these data into a comprehensive aggregated lifetime metric. This methodology can enhance the maintenance scheduling strategies and operational reliability of semiconductor devices in critical applications, ultimately extending their service life while optimizing performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) Validation for DER Protection Model Executed in Dominion Energy Training Program 52

Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Validation for DER Protection Mod...

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52nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, PVSC 2024

作者： Alvarez, Genesis B. Doss, Patrick Korede, Ibukunoluwa O. Brookins, Lionel W. Grimes, John Wang, Biqi Dominion Energy RichmondVA United States Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464260

As the penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) increases within the distribution system, having a training program that addresses this evolution is crucial. Although basic system protection theory can be explained in a classroom environment and by using computer simulation, it is difficult to evaluate a relay's actual performance and possible misoperation in the field just through computer simulation. Dominion Energy's Training Center addresses this issue by using a real-time simulator to conduct hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations for their training classes. This paper focuses on a training simulation Dominion Energy is developing, where a substation model interconnects with two photovoltaic (PV) sites on the distribution level. A HIL testbed is integrated with an Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP), Power Amplifiers, two protective relays, a transfer trip relay, and switchyard equipment. This model creates a realistic training environment for the instructor, while avoiding the hazards of the transmission and distribution of primary-level voltage. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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hardware-in-the-loop and Traffic-in-the-loop for Testing Cooperative Intersection Management

Hardware-in-the-Loop and Traffic-in-the-Loop for Testing Coo...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2023 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC / I and CPS Europe 2023

作者： Storani, Facundo Di Pace, Roberta De Luca, Stefano University of Salerno Civil Engineering Department SA Fisciano Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350347432

A simulation is a useful tool for evaluating the impacts of various changes in a transportation system, especially in the case of real-time traffic-adaptive control systems, which must undergo extensive laboratory testing before being implemented in a field environment. Various simulation environments are available, from software-only to hardware-in-the-loop simulations, each of which plays a specific role in implementing a traffic control system. This study applied a CA-MPC (Model Predictive Control based on a Cellular Automata model) for a real-time traffic-adaptive control framework as it progressed from a laboratory project to actual field implementation. The traditional software-only simulation environment and extensions to a hardware-in-the-loop simulation are presented, describing the migration of CA-MPC onto the traffic controller hardware itself. In addition, a new enhancement to the standard software-only simulation is described, which allows remote access such that the simulation and traffic control scheme are not required to reside locally. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Busbar Differential Protection System Testing Based on Practical Considerations Using Real-Time Digital Simulator hardware-In-the-loop Technique 6

Busbar Differential Protection System Testing Based on Pract...

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6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies, CEECT 2024

作者： Nomandela, Sinawo Mnguni, Mkhululi Raji, Atanda Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Cape Town South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528096

In this study, we proposed a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing technique that is unique in the following manner. 1) The power system network used as the base for testing the protection system is suitable for the study since it is a transmission network. 2) simulation studies were carried out before configuring the proposed protection system to ensure that the power system network's initial conditions comply with the system's requirements for use in the study. 3) Lastly, the methods used to select instrument transformers and relay protection elements are done according to the standards. The method of testing in this study has proven that it is possible to run normal system conditions and use the developed protection system for monitoring these conditions. This has been proven by simulating normal system conditions while tracking the differential and restraint currents using the SEL-487B Protection System Automation. The testing procedure used in this study can be used in the industry to test various protection systems for all conditions rather than focus on the elements of the protection system. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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