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Zero-Trust Security Strategy for Renewable Power Plant Clusters Under Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Peng, Chen Zhou, Quan Shen, Yang He, Keren Lian, Zhijie Shuai, Zhikang Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering Changsha410082 China Trinity College Dublin Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Dublin Ireland

The efficient and secure operation of renewable power plant (RPP) clusters in remote areas is supported by reliable communication services offered by integrated satellite-terrestrial networks (ISTNs). Conventional static network boundary is seriously threatened by false data injection attacks (FDIAs) due to the wide attack surface of RPP cluster and open access of ISTNs. Accordingly, this paper proposes a zero-trust security strategy with customizable access control policies against FDIAs in RPP cluster under ISTNs. First, a streamlined lightweight blockchain without a consensus mechanism is utilized to rapidly authenticate and record participating plants' identities and historically exchanged data in the ledger, forming a dynamic network boundary with enhanced data immutability and traceability. Second, identities and data features of participating plants are extracted and classified by a convolutional neural network (CNN) to enhance detection precision. Last, comprehensive belief scores are calculated by Dempster-Shafer theory, which integrates the designed blockchain and CNN model evaluations, achieving high-precise and timely detection of FDIAs. simulations and hardware-in-loop experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in RPP cluster under ISTNs against FDIAs with various operating conditions. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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L1 adaptive control with feedforward for ASTF and its HIL verification

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第3期38卷

作者： LIU, Jiashuai HE, Ai PEI, Xitong LONG, Yifu Institute for Aero Engine Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang University Beijing100191 China

Aeropropulsion System Test Facility (ASTF) is required to accurately control the pressure and temperature of the airflow to test the performance of the aero-engine. However, the control accuracy of ASTF is significantly affected by the flow disturbance caused by aero-engine acceleration and deceleration. This would reduce the credibility of ASTF's test results for the aero-engine. Therefore, first, this paper proposes a feedforward compensation-based L1 adaptive control method for ASTF to address this problem. The baseline controller is first designed based on ideal uncoupled closed-loop dynamics to achieve dynamic decoupling. Then, L1 adaptive control is adopted to deal with various uncertainties and ensure good control performance. To further enhance the anti-disturbance performance, a feedforward strategy based on disturbance prediction is designed in the L1 adaptive control framework to compensate for the unmatched flow disturbance, which cannot be measured directly. In addition, this strategy takes into account the effects of actuator dynamics. With this method, the feedforward term can be determined from the nominal model parameters despite uncertainties. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, various comparative experiments are performed on a hardware-in-the-loop system of ASTF. The experimental results show that the proposed method possesses excellent tracking performance, anti-disturbance performance and robustness. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Selection-based capacitor voltage balancing control for modular multilevel converters

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JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS 2021年第10期21卷 1427-1438页

作者： Luo, Wei Ma, Yifan Zheng, Changbao Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Anhui Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Ind Energy Saving & Power Hefei Anhui Peoples R China

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising topology for high-power converters. The capacitor voltage balancing method for the submodules (SMs) is one of the key technologies in terms of modular multilevel converters. Aiming at the problems of the large calculation burden and the high switching frequency in the traditional capacitor voltage balancing method, an improved balancing method based on a novel selection algorithm for MMCs is proposed in this paper. The proposed method can avoid the sorting operation of the arm SM voltages in each control cycle without reducing the control precision of the capacitor voltages. In addition, it greatly improves the sorting efficiency. Thus, a criterion for algorithm rerun is introduced, which makes the MMC controller avoid reordering the capacitor voltages and leave the control signals unchanged when the capacitor voltages experience small changes. Finally, simulation and experimental results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Modular multilevel converter (MMC) Capacitor voltage balancing Selection algorithm hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Driving Style-Based Conditional Variational Autoencoder for Prediction of Ego Vehicle Trajectory

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IEEE ACCESS 2021年 9卷 169348-169356页

作者： Kim, Dongchan Shon, Hyukju Kweon, Nahyun Choi, Seungwon Yang, Chanuk Huh, Kunsoo Hanyang Univ Dept Automot Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Automot Engn Automot Comp Convergence Seoul 04763 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Automot Elect Control Engn Seoul 04763 South Korea

Trajectory prediction of the ego vehicle is essential for advanced driver assistance systems to function properly. By recognizing various driving styles and predicting trajectories reflecting them, the prediction performance is enhanced, and a personalized trajectory can be generated. Therefore, we propose to combine driving style recognition and trajectory prediction tasks using only in-vehicle CAN-bus sensor data for possible application to normal vehicles. The DeepConvLstm network was utilized for driving style recognition, and a generative-based model was used for trajectory prediction. The classified driving style was added as a condition to the network. In addition, the past trajectory of the ego vehicle is estimated and utilized as an additional input for performance improvement. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed in terms of the root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) compared with the case wherein the driving style and the past trajectory are not conditioned or given, respectively. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Trajectory Feature extraction Vehicles Training Global Positioning System Data models Task analysis Driving style recognition trajectory prediction conditional variational autoencoder CAN data hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Autonomous optical navigation for DESTINY⁺: Enhancing misalignment robustness in flyby observations with a rotating telescope

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ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2025年 234卷 117-130页

作者： Hosonuma, Takayuki Miyabara, Takeshi Ozaki, Naoya Ishibashi, Ko Suzaki, Yuta Hong, Peng Ohta, Masayuki Takashima, Takeshi Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA Inst Space & Astronaut Sci ISAS Sagamihara Kanagawa 2525210 Japan Univ Tokyo Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138656 Japan Chiba Inst Technol Planetary Explorat Res Ctr Narashino Kanagawa 2750016 Japan

DESTINY+ is an upcoming JAXA Epsilon medium-class mission to flyby multiple asteroids including Phaethon. As an asteroid flyby observation instrument, a telescope mechanically capable of single-axis rotation, named TCAP, is mounted on the spacecraft to track and observe the target asteroids during flyby. As in past flyby missions utilizing rotating telescopes, TCAP is also used as a navigation camera for autonomous optical navigation during the closest-approach phase. To mitigate the degradation of the navigation accuracy, past missions performed calibration of the navigation camera's alignment before starting optical navigation. However, such calibration requires capturing large number of images by the navigation camera and downlinking them to the ground station. In the case of small spacecraft with limited link capacity, such as DESTINY+, such ground-in-the-loop calibration requires significant operational time to complete and imposes constraints on the operation sequence. From the above background, the DESTINY+ team has studied the possibility of reducing operational costs by allowing TCAP alignment errors to remain. This paper describes an autonomous optical navigation algorithm robust to the misalignment of rotating telescopes, proposed in this context. In the proposed method, the misalignment of the telescope is estimated simultaneously with the spacecraft's orbit relative to the flyby target. To deal with the nonlinearity between the misalignment and the observation value, the proposed method utilizes the unscented Kalman filter, instead of the extended Kalman filter widely used in past studies. The proposed method was evaluated with numerical simulations on a PC and with hardware-in-the-loop simulation, taking the Phaethon flyby in the DESTINY+ mission as an example. In the example case, the misalignment-induced navigation accuracy degradation of 4.6 km-1 sigma can be reduced to 0.1 km-1 sigma by the proposed method. The required time to run one-cycle of the

关键词： Optical navigation Flyby observation hardware-in-the-loop simulation DESTINY+

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Advancing Personalized Diabetes Management: Enabling Research-Driven Closed-loop Control with AndroidAPS

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2024年第24期58卷 251-256页

作者： László Szász Barbara Simon Lehel Dénes-Fazakas László Szilágyi Levente Kovács György Eigner University Research and Innovation Center Physiological Controls Research Center Obuda University Budapest Hungary John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics Biomatics and Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute Óbuda University Budapest Hungary Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics Doctoral School Óbuda University Budapest Hungary Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania Targu Mures Romania

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) presents a significant health challenge that requires innovative solutions for effective and personalized management. Automated insulin delivery systems based on the artificial pancreas (AP) concept are the most advanced treatment solutions today. However, these certified systems are closed commercial systems that do not allow the implementation of AP research results on them. The Android Artificial Pancreas System (AndroidAPS) is an open-source AP software that implements the concept of artificial pancreas. Using the AndroidAPS the newest T1DM research results can be implemented, however, closed-loop control is not available in this tool. In this study, we introduce a new feature connected to the AndroidAPS. This module facilitates continuous software manipulation of input data and enables the seamless feedback of output parameters, specifically the insulin rate realizing a research-oriented closed-loop control testing-ready open-source environment.

关键词： Tele-medicine T1DM Type 1 diabetes mellitus Cyber-Physical Systems hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Root Cause Analysis of Frequency Oscillations Observed in Ontario's Distribution System

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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年

作者： Alizadeh, Mojtaba Wang, Xiaoyu Carleton University Department of Electronics OttawaONK1S 5B6 Canada

Recurrent frequency oscillations have been observed in Ontario's distribution system, initially misinterpreted as mains loss by the rate of change of frequency relay, resulting in 16 false trips of a biomass power plant over 1.5 years. These oscillations, ranging from 5.6 to 6.45 Hz, persisted across varying load levels without coinciding faults or sudden system changes. Traditional simulation-based investigations failed to replicate these conditions due to high uncertainties in system parameters, prompting temporary adjustments to relay settings to prevent further nuisance trips. This paper details root-cause analysis approach that contrasts with conventional methods. First, the system is treated as a black box, applying signal processing tools to field-recorded data to extract signal features and eliminate unlikely scenarios - providing early insight without model dependence. Next, sensitivity analysis identifies critical parameters, refining the model to isolate the underlying issue. Using the shooting method and small-signal analysis, Hopf bifurcation is pinpointed as the cause, generating limit cycles and local frequency oscillations. Analysis showed that systems in UPF mode are more susceptible to bifurcation than those in PV mode. Finally, control parameter modifications are proposed to broaden the system load margin and improve stability. Findings are validated through Real-Time Digital Simulator and hardware-in-the-loop testing. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Multi-objective optimization for energy-efficient management of electric Tractors via hybrid energy storage systems and scenario recognition

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Applied Energy 2025年 391卷

作者： Yu, Qiang He, Xionglin Chen, Yongji Jiang, Zihong Tan, Yilin Liu, Longze Xie, Bin Wen, Changkai College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing100083 China College of Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing100083 China

The promotion of electric tractors faces significant challenges, including adapting powertrain systems to diverse operational conditions and optimizing energy efficiency and battery lifespan. This paper presents a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) architecture for electric tractors. And a multi-objective energy-efficient management strategy (EMS) based on plowing operation scenario recognition is proposed. The strategy involves developing an electric tractor model and a plowing operating condition (POC) cycle using real-world plowing data. Offline classification is performed using K-means clustering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while a Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) is employed for online real-time scenario recognition. Additionally, a Multi-Strategy Improved Black-winged Kite Algorithm (MSIBKA) is developed to efficiently derive adaptive power allocation trajectories. simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively extends the lifespan of the HESS, smooths battery output, and reduces operating costs. Specifically, the supercapacitor supplies over 65 % of the peak power demand, reducing the battery C-rate by more than 10 %. Furthermore, the proposed system increases the state of charge (SOC) of the battery by at least 5 %, while reducing both operational costs and battery degradation costs by over 33.3 %. These results indicate that the proposed system and strategy provide substantial benefits in extending battery lifespan and enhancing energy efficiency. © 2024

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Prescribed-Time Mitigation of False Data Attacks in Microgrid Load Frequency Control

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Abouzeid, Said I. Chen, Y. Zaery, Mohamed Amrr, Syed Muhammad Abdelhameed, Esam H. Engineering Technology Research Center for Electric Vehicle Driving System and Safety School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Province Sichuan Chengdu611731 China Aswan University Faculty of Energy Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Aswan Egypt K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center Saudi Arabia KFUPM Control and Instrumentation Engineering Department Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia

Microgrid load frequency control (LFC) operation relies extensively on cyber networks which significantly increases their susceptibility to false data injection attacks (FDIAs) that can undermine microgrid’s stability. This paper proposes a multi-layer control framework that efficiently detects and mitigates false data injected in the actuator and measurements of the LFC. Firstly, an FDIAs detection layer based on an unknown input observer (UIO) utilizing an adaptive threshold has been proposed. An adaptive threshold aims to enhance detection sensitivity and reduce false alarms by distinguishing between actual attacks and temporal discrepancies in observer error caused by internal disturbances. Secondly, to ensure timely and accurate mitigation of FDIAs, an estimation layer utilizing a prescribed-time unknown input observer (PTUIO) has been designed. PTUIO is designed to be robust against unknown inputs and parameter uncertainty. The PTUIO employs periodic time-delayed output to estimate system states and FDIAs within a predefined time. Afterward, a two-layer robust and resilient LFC system was developed. The first layer ensures the rejection of unknown inputs, including load/generation disturbances and FDIAs based on PTUIO estimations. The second layer incorporates robust state feedback control, which stabilizes the microgrid and accurately tracks the frequency reference. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is confirmed through multiple scenarios by simulations and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), demonstrating its robustness and reliability in addressing challenges associated with internal disturbances, and FDIAs within the microgrid. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Intelligent Distribution Bus Automatic Transfer Scheme using IEC 61850

Intelligent Distribution Bus Automatic Transfer Scheme using...

引用

2022 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IAS 2022

作者： Guddanti, Balaji Alvarez, Genesis B. Bilimoria, Nilesh Lit, Xiawen Till, Micah J. The Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Dominion Energy RichmondVA United States

ISBN: (数字)9781665478151

ISBN: (纸本)9781665478151

An automatic bus transfer scheme (ABTS) is a conventional method of supplying power to a load by safely transferring motor loads to an alternate healthy source if the primary source fails. State-of-the-art bus transfer schemes can be improved significantly by using intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and communication standard IEC 61850 to supply uninterrupted power to customers. In this work, an intelligent distribution bus automatic transfer scheme (IDBATS) is proposed, which leverages the use of generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) messages. The scheme prevents the power transformer from overloading, and it can be implemented on a substation regardless of the network configuration and load demand. Since the protection logic is kept in the master IED, the scheme can include any new transformers added to the substation network. The IDBATS scheme was validated on a 230 kV/34.5 kV distribution substation by conducting a hardware-in-the-loop simulation using real-time digital simulator (RTDS). © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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