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International Conference in Information Technology and Education, ICITED 2021

作者： Araque, Edison J. Cajamarca, Alex A. Paredes, Daniela E. Segovia, Jenny A. Tumbaco, Willam W. Miranda, Mario Andaluz, Víctor H. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE Sangolquí Ecuador SISAu Research Group Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica Ambato Ecuador

ISBN: (纸本)9789811650628

Currently, the world is going through an unprecedented health crisis, which has caused significant impacts in the teaching–learning area during the confinement stage due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the education system has opted for virtual education through immersive technologies. In this sense, this work presents the development of an industrial process of packaging bottles implemented in the Unity 3D graphics engine. The proposed control scheme considers the hardware in the loop simulation technique, consisting of: (i) process simulation, this stage considers the virtualized process and the mathematical equations that represent the dynamic behavior of the industrial process;the process simulation is implemented in a main computer, and (ii) target hardware, this stage considers the implementation of the advanced control algorithm in low-cost embedded cards. The results obtained allowed the immersion and interaction of the user with the virtual environment, which is part of the hardware in the loop simulation technique. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Research on Intelligent Credibility Evaluation Method of Aircraft HWIL simulation System Based on Complex Network 17th

Research on Intelligent Credibility Evaluation Method of Air...

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17th Chinese Intelligent Systems Conference, CISC 2021

作者： Huapin, Geng Ni, Li Science and Technology on Complex System Control and Intelligent Agent Cooperation Laboratory Beijing China Beijing Electromechanical Engineering Institute Beijing China Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811663192

simulation credibility is an effective means to measure the effectiveness and correctness of simulation, and it is the cornerstone of simulation. According to the uncertainty of physical effect model and the complex interaction of model information in aircraft HWIL simulation system, The idea of time-varying directed weighted network and uncertainty measurement is introduced into the process of credibility evaluation of simulation system based on complex network and credibility evaluation theory;the credibility evaluation model of time-varying topological structure based on uncertainty measurement of model information interaction is established to quantitatively evaluate the credibility of simulation system. Taking a typical HWIL simulation system as an example, the effectiveness of the credibility evaluation method of simulation system based on complex network is fully tested. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Comparative Study of Embedded Energy Management Methods based on Machine Learning for Dual-Source Electric Vehicles

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年

作者： Adnane, Marouane Nguyen, Bao-Huy Khoumsi, Ahmed Trovao, Joao Pedro F. Université de Sherbrooke Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering SherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1 Canada Hanoi University of Science and Technology CTI Lab4EV School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hanoi Viet Nam

In the actual context of dual-source electric vehicles (DSEVs), efficient energy management strategies (EMSs) are essential to optimize energy distribution between batteries and supercapacitors. However, achieving real-time decision-making and adaptability in resource-constrained environments remains a significant challenge. This study addresses these challenges by comparing two advanced machine learning (ML)-based EMSs: Driving Mode Prediction-based EMS (DMP-EMS) and Multi-Ensemble Learning-based EMS (MEL-EMS). Using Signal hardware-in-the-loop simulation and a Raspberry Pi 4 platform, the two EMSs are evaluated based on various criteria, including performance accuracy, model complexity, training and prediction times, required computing resources, scalability, and energy consumption. The findings highlight the trade-offs between these EMSs, offering insights into designing tailored EMSs for DSEVs under varying operational demands. While MEL-EMS excels in environments where prediction accuracy is paramount since it offers superior predictive performance suitable for applications demanding high accuracy and scalability, DMP-EMS provides a more efficient and practical solution for real-time energy management in resource-constrained settings. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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A General Interface-Free Delayed Real-Time simulation Method with A-Stability for Power Electronic Converters

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2025年

作者： Xu, Mingwang Gu, Wei Yuan, Xiaodong Han, Huachun Cao, Yang Chen, Shuaixian Zhang, Fei Liu, Wei Southeast Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China State Grid Jiangsu Elect Power Co Ltd Res Inst Nanjing 211103 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Sch Automat Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China

The complex topologies, numerous nonlinear switching devices and the high-frequency characteristics inherent in power electronic converters cause significant challenges in real-time simulation. In this letter, a general interface-free delayed real-time simulation method with A-stability is proposed. The introduction of a half-step explicit analytical solution to correct the values of the controlled sources at the interface enables the overcoming of the limitation of the large computational burden of the traditional analytical solution. Furthermore, it realizes the parallel solution and constant-admittance of the converters, which has both A-stability and no interface time-delay compared with existing techniques. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated by constructing a physical prototype and the execution of hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation in OP4610 across a range of scenarios.

关键词： Power electronics Real-time systems Switches Numerical stability Prototypes Load modeling Computational modeling Admittance Mathematical models hardware-in-the-loop simulation A-stability half-step explicit analytical solution interface-free delayed power electronic converters real-time simulation

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A Modified Pre-Fluxing Method for the Energization of Single-Phase Transformers

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Aghazadeh, A. Li, K. Popov, M. Terzija, V. Azizi, S. University of Leeds School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom Delft University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science Delft2628 Netherlands Newcastle University School of Engineering NewcastleNE1 7RU United Kingdom

Inrush current refers to the high-magnitude excitation current drawn by a transformer upon energization. The intensity of inrush current is a function of the residual flux of the transformer's core and the voltage magnitude at the energization instant. This paper proposes a method to effectively mitigate the inrush current of single-phase transformers. The proposed method overcomes the shortcomings of the well-established pre-fluxing method, and thus, is referred to as the modified pre-fluxing method. The method operates without requiring any prior knowledge regarding the transformer's design information or parameters. Accounting for uncertainties in circuit breaker closing operation, the core's residual flux is modified to an appropriate reference value, minimizing the corresponding adverse impact. The flux adjustment is accomplished by a power electronic circuitry that applies suitable voltage across the transformer's low-voltage winding. The core's residual flux is estimated after removing the DC offset present in the measured open-circuit voltage. The energization process is then initiated at an appropriate instant ensuring the core's steady-state flux matches its adjusted residual flux. The efficiency of the modified pre-fluxing method is demonstrated by conducting 12,000 simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC. A hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) setup composed of a transformer and pre-fluxing device is used for extensive experimental validation and comparison with recent energization methods under more realistic conditions. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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hardware-in-The-loop Testing of a Distance Protection Relay

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2021年第3期57卷 2326-2331页

作者： Camarillo-Penaranda, Juan R. Aredes, Mauricio Ramos, Gustavo Univ Los Andes Dept Elect & Elect Engn Bogota 110881 Colombia Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro Lab Power Elect & Medium Voltage BR-24355010 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

Given the decisive modernization of power systems and the evolution of protective relaying, it is imperative to merge traditional protection systems with innovative approaches that allow flexibility and time-domain protection. Time-domain approaches for power system protection must be tested in realistic and flexible platforms prior to their actual implementation. Inexpensive and flexible testing platforms are needed to fill this gap;consequently, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform for a distance relay for feeder protection is presented in this article. The relay is tested in an HIL simulation of a single-machine infinite-bus system simulated in PSCAD software, and the distance protection function is implemented in a commercially available LAUNCHXL-F28379D microcontroller. One-phase-to-ground, two-phase-to-ground, two-phase, and three-phase faults are tested in the simulation system, showing the feasibility of the proposed approach for protection system testing.

关键词： Testing Impedance Impedance measurement Voltage measurement Power systems Microcontrollers hardware-in-the-loop simulation Distance protection modeling and simulation power system protection testing transmission lines

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Testing of the Faulty Phase Earthing System Using Real-Time Simulator 11

Testing of the Faulty Phase Earthing System Using Real-Time ...

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11th International Scientific Symposium on Electrical Power Engineering, ELEKTROENERGETIKA 2022

作者： Jurák, Viktor Topolánek, David Orságová, Jaroslava Brno University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Department of Electrical Power Engineering Technická 12 Brno616 00 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9788055341040

To extinguish arc of a single-phase fault in resistor earthed distribution networks, an automatic reclosing system is usually used. However, this operation results in a short-term power supply interruption. As an alternative to the automatic reclosing function, it is possible to apply a faulty phase earthing (FPE) system. The main objective of this paper is to test the faulty phase earthing system using the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) environment, where behaviour of a real distribution network will be numerically simulated. One of the advantages of the real-time testing is the possibility to bring the output of the protection device (i.e. the input for the faulty phase earthing or triggering the circuit breaker operation) back to the simulation and, therefore, test the hardware in the loop. As a test object, the ABB feeder protection is used. This device is programmed according to the defined requirements of the FPE algorithm. The aim is to prove proper functionality of the algorithm and its correct implementation into the protection terminal settings, which is crucial for securing high reliability of the FPE system prior its installation to real resistor earthed network. The paper is focused on verification of the FPE system prior its real application in pilot test as alternative to autoreclosing system in real resistor earthed distribution network. © 2022 Technical University of Košice.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Research on PV Low Voltage Ride-Through Control Based on RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop 10

Research on PV Low Voltage Ride-Through Control Based on RT-...

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10th China International Conference on Electricity Distribution, CICED 2022

作者： Cui, Tongfei Liang, Jifeng Liu, Shiyan Dong, Jingyuan Li, Xiaojun Li, Anyi Hebei Key Laboratory of Energy Internet Simulation Modeling and Control State Grid Hebei Electric Power Research Institute Shijiazhuang China

ISBN: (数字)9781665452687

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452687

As a key indicator of whether the photovoltaic power generation system is friendly to the grid, low voltage ride-through is related to the safe and stable operation of the grid. In order to further enhance the low voltage ride-through capability of photovoltaic power generation systems, a low voltage ride through strategy based on RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop is proposed in this paper. First of all, in view of the problem of disconnection of units caused by the rise of DC side busbar voltage caused by the sudden drop of grid voltage, the correlation coefficient of reducing MPPT operation is introduced, which effectively suppresses the rise of DC side voltage. Then, the underlying control mechanism of photovoltaic inverters is explored. On this basis, the control loop and operating mode of the inverter during the fault are reshaped to limit the overcurrent of the power electronic device. Finally, it is verified on the RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform, and the results show that the strategy works well under different drop depths. Both have good dynamic reactive power support ability, and have better voltage regulation and voltage regulation ability. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Design of Arc State Observer Based on Wavelet Energy Spectrum 8

Design of Arc State Observer Based on Wavelet Energy Spectru...

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8th International Conference on Reliability of Electrical Products and Electrical Contacts, ICREPEC 2022

作者： Si, Qiangli Zheng, Xin College of Electrical Engineering and Automotion Fuzhou University Fujian Fuzhou350000 China Fujian Key Laboratory of New Energy Generation and Power Conversion Fujian Fuzhou350000 China Engineering Research Center of Smart Distribution Grid Equipment Fujian Province University Fujian Fuzhou350000 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789881532374

The suppression result of the breaking arc is an important factor affecting the reliability of the zero-current breaking control of the AC switch, but there is a lack of intuitive and effective detection methods. Aiming at this problem, an arc state observer and its model based on wavelet energy spectrum are proposed in this paper. In the breaking process, the arc voltage is transformed by wavelet energy spectrum, and the ratio of the characteristic value of the arcing peak and the arc-extinguishing peak is used to effectively identify the three arc states which is stable burning, unstable burning, and extinction. The arc observer model is built and simulated in Simulink. The cSPACE platform is used to design a hardware-in-the-loop prototype of arc observer and the practicability and effectiveness of the observer are verified by the measured arc data. The simulation and experimental results show that the arc observer can realize the quantitative detection of the arc state as well as provide effective feedback for improving the reliability of the zero-current breaking of the AC switch. © ICREPEC *** rights reserved

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Integration of electrical energy storage in wave energy hardware-in-the-loop test rigs

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Garcia-Rosa, Paula B. Barrera-Cardenas, Rene A. Alessandri, Giacomo Gallorini, Federico Cruz, Mairead A. Cruz, Joao D'arco, Salvatore SINTEF Energy Research Trondheim7034 Norway VGA S.r.l. PG Deruta06053 Italy Yavin Four Consultants Lisboa1500-465 Portugal

This paper presents a design methodology for integrating an electrical energy storage unit into a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test rig for wave energy converters (WECs). Typically, the power production from WECs is characterised by pronounced fluctuations at low frequency and high peaks compared to the average. Wave energy test rigs should be able to reproduce these variations to impose realistic conditions to the device under test. Thus, the grid connection of the rig must be sized to cope with high peaks, and additional measures may be required to avoid disturbances on nearby loads and negative effects on voltage quality. The integration of electrical energy storage can smoothen power fluctuations and mitigate these drawbacks, while resulting in lower installation and operating costs. The design methodology indicates how to effectively size the storage unit and which technology to favour based on the type and duration of test campaigns. Numerical simulation results are presented for a dual HIL test rig and operational profiles of three different WEC technologies. For designs with energy storage lifetime shorter than the calendar life, sensitivity analyses indicate that the rig's annual utilisation rate and the level of accelerated testing have a significant effect on the storage energy requirements. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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