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hardware-in-the-loop demonstration of automated demand response for distribution networks using PMU and MQTT

IET SMART GRID 2021年第1期4卷 107-120页

作者： Jahic, Admir Hastings, John Morrow, D. John Laverty, David JP Elektroprivreda BiH Dd Sarajevo Bosnia & Herceg Queens Univ Belfast Sch EEECS Belfast Antrim North Ireland

A detailed description of an Automated Demand Response system is presented that can provide active distribution-level voltage control, and sub-second system-wide frequency response services. The system is validated using a hardware-in-the-loop demonstrator including synchronous machines, real and simulated Internet Protocol communications, cloud-based computing, inexpensive measurement hardware, and state-of-the-art secure IoT protocols. It is shown that a real-time, model-informed, demand-response system utilising wide-area Phasor measurement unit (PMU) data is cost effective and feasible.

关键词： phasor measurement Internet of Things voltage control frequency response cloud computing synchronous machines transport protocols demand side management power engineering computing control engineering computing distribution networks hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Flexible and Cost-Effective HiL System for Module-Based VSC simulation-Part I: Fundamental System Architecture and Operation

Flexible and Cost-Effective HiL System for Module-Based VSC ...

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International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management, PCIM Europe 2022

作者： Lange, Julian Barth, Tobias Hinrichs, Benjamin Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800758227

This paper describes a comprehensive approach for a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation of volt age-sourced multilevel converters in a NI PXI ecosystem. First, requirements are discussed for a HVDC test field application, leading to a second section describing the hard-and software part of the system architecture where the converter submodule level including the original communication interface is implemented on FPGAs and the MATLAB Simulink-designed circuit simulation is embedded on a real-time controller. Finally, measurements show the quality of the real application’s representation by its digital twin. © VDE VERLAG GMBH, Berlin, Offenbach.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Development of a hardware-in-the-loop demonstrator for the validation of fault-tolerant control methods for a hybrid UAV

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CEAS Aeronautical Journal 2021年第3期12卷 549-558页

作者： Prochazka, F. Krüger, S. Stomberg, G. Bauer, M. Institute of Flight Systems and Automatic Control Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Institute of Energy Systems Energy Efficiency and Energy Economics TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany

Many aircraft are inherently over-actuated with regard to their input variables. This can be particularly advantageous in the context of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), where actuator functions can fail in critical situations. In such cases, the redundant actuators can be used to further fulfil the control strategies used and thus increase the operational safety. Within such an active fault-tolerant control system, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) module is required. To evaluate such safety–critical systems, hardware-in-the-loop simulations (HIL) are a necessary step prior to real flight tests. These simulations can verify the correct implementation of the flight controller on the target hardware as well as the real-time capability of the algorithms used. Particularly in the context of active fault-tolerant control, investigations concerning the robustness of the used FDI module with regard to real, noisy sensor signals, which can be generated by a HIL demonstrator, are of utter importance. This paper presents the development of a HIL demonstrator for the validation of fault-tolerant control methods for a hybrid UAV. This includes a detailed description of the demonstrator’s design, control and interfacing between the integrated subsystems. As an application example, a hybrid UAV model will be shortly presented, which, in addition to the primary aerodynamic control surfaces, can also use four lift rotors to control the aircraft during cruise and is therefore inherently over-actuated. Finally, a closed-loop real-time simulation of the UAV model on the HIL demonstrator is presented on the basis of the exemplary simulation of an actuator failure and subsequent reconfiguration by the fault-tolerant flight control law. © 2021, The Author(s).

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Energy Management Strategy for Dual-Motor Two-Speed Transmission Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming Algorithm Optimization

SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRIFIED VEHICLES

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SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRIFIED VEHICLES 2021年第1期10卷 19-31页

作者： Wu, Bin Zhang, Suxu Beijing Univ Technol Beijing Peoples R China

In this article, an integrated "dual-motor automated mechanical transmission" configuration was proposed for battery electric vehicles, and a rule-based energy management strategy based on dynamic programming ( DP) algorithm optimization was designed. The rule-based energy management strategy was used for online control, and the DP algorithm was used to optimize the control parameters of the rule-based energy management strategy offine. Finally, the optimization results were validated online using the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform. The results showed that on average, the optimized rule-based energy management strategy can reduce energy consumption by 4.16% under the New European Driving Cycle, Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and Japan 1015 cycle conditions. More importantly, there were evident energy-saving effects on the United States 06, China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle-Passenger, and Highway Fuel Economy Test cycle conditions, which did not participate in the optimization of the rule-based energy management strategy by the DP algorithm.

关键词： Battery electric vehicle DMAMT Rule-based energy management strategy DP algorithm hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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3D Virtual Training System for a Bioreactor Using hardware-in-the-loop

3D Virtual Training System for a Bioreactor Using Hardware-i...

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International Conference in Information Technology and Education, ICITED 2021

作者： Gutiérrez, Kevin J. Pilicita, Jimmy J. Naranjo, César A. Andaluz, Víctor H. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE Sangolquí Ecuador

ISBN: (纸本)9789811650628

This paper simulates a 3D virtual environment of a bioreactor based on the teaching-learning process in the engineering area. Using the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technique, the simulator was developed in the Unity 3D graphic engine, which is oriented to maintain in optimal conditions the variables involved in the process, such as: Biomass, recirculated biomass, dissolved oxygen, and chemical oxygen demand, the latter being the controlled variable. For the implemented simulator, traditional control techniques and modern control techniques are considered in order to evaluate the behavior of the variables. In order to give realism to the bioreactor, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation technique is implemented in a low-cost hardware device, where the mathematical model of the process will be (On hardware-in-the-loop simulation. In 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, and the European Control Conference, Seville, Spain), while the control algorithm is implemented in the mathematical software Matlab. Finally, the stability analysis is performed having the variables in their optimal operating points, as well as the good performance of the controllers in the presence of disturbances. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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NOVEL HYSTERESIS CURRENT CONTROL FOR MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS USING ACCELERATION SLOPE 22

NOVEL HYSTERESIS CURRENT CONTROL FOR MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONV...

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22nd IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, ACDC Global 2025

作者： Jiang, Chen Gole, Aniruddha M. Zhang, Yi Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. WinnipegMB Canada University of Manitoba WinnipegMB Canada RTDS Technologies Inc. WinnipegMB Canada

This paper presents a novel acceleration slope-based hysteresis current control strategy for modular multilevel converters (MMCs). This approach enables the MMC to function as a high-bandwidth, high-precision current source while still retaining the low inherent harmonic generation and low losses of the MMC. Unlike traditional hysteresis current control in two-level voltage-source converters (VSCs), which toggle between two output voltage levels, the MMC's multiple voltage levels offer more flexible current slope control with fewer switching actions. The proposed control is compared to other voltage generation techniques, such as nearest-level control, showing that the resulting losses are similar to those of traditional voltage-controlled MMCs. The paper also demonstrates the application of this strategy in a STATCOM with active filtering, highlighting faster response times. Additionally, a current source type Grid Forming Converters (GFMs), e.g., Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG), is presented, illustrating how the proposed control enhances stability in both weak and strong ac grids. The effectiveness of the proposed method and two applications are validated through electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations and hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation. © The Institution of Engineering & Technology 2025.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Multi-Target Passive Tracking for Multi-Spacecraft with Limited Fields-of-View

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Wang, Jizhe Zhou, Di Zou, Xinguang Li, Siyuan School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China

In this article, the problem of three-dimensional multitarget tracking (MTT) by multi-spacecraft equipped with passive sensors under limited field-of-view (FOV) is considered. A distributed communication network is formed between sensors, each local node runs a Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) filter to extract state of targets. Based on Arithmetic average (AA) fusion rule, a bearing-only FoV function which incorporates the position, attitude, and angular detection range of the sensors is proposed and applied to adjust the fusion weights accordingly. The region of bearing-only FoV is hard to calculate under inertial Cartesian coordinate system. Subsequently, the cubature points sampling is employed to compute the integral in the FoV function. To obtain trajectory information, labeled Gaussian component (LGC) strategy is adopted in local nodes. Then, a sequential label matching method based on Cauchy-Schwarz Divergence (CSD) is proposed to solve the problem of label inconsistency. To verify the proposed algorithm, a real time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation system which restores the MTT scenario in space environment is established. simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the trajectory tracking duration, while ensuring the estimation accuracy and has high computational efficiency. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Loss of Grid Behavior for a Grid Forming ESS Inverter

Loss of Grid Behavior for a Grid Forming ESS Inverter

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International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

作者： Shivalika Sharma Ruben Inzunza Chieko Umeno Yasuaki Mitsugi Daisuke Kanda Kenta Yamabe Power Electronics System Division TMEIC Corporation Tokyo Japan Industrial and Energy Systems Division 1 TMEIC Corporation Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350375589

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375596

The growing integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid poses both opportunities and challenges, especially to grid stability and reliability. The grid forming inverter ensures that load experiences no interruption in power supply in event of absence of utility. This paper investigates the performance of a grid-forming energy storage system inverter rated at 700kW during loss of grid. The study is driven by the need to understand how these systems can contribute to a stable grid in the face of increasing reliance on distributed energy resources. Various test cases are considered focusing on different load parameters to investigate inverter's response under diverse operating conditions. Using a Controller hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation environment, inverter is tested for loss of grid for different loads and different voltage/reactive power droop settings.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Power supplies hardware-in-the-loop simulation Voltage Power system stability Stability analysis Power grids Reliability Voltage control Grid forming

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Complex-Phase, Data-Driven Identification of Grid-Forming Inverter Dynamics

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Büttner, Anna Würfel, Hans Liemann, Sebastian Schiffer, Johannes Hellmann, Frank The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany The Technical University Dortmund Dortmund Germany The Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg The Fraunhofer IEG Fraunhofer Institution for Energy Infrastructures and Geothermal Energy Systems Cottbus Germany

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems requires the deployment of grid-forming inverters to ensure a stable operation. Accurate modeling of these devices is necessary. In this paper, a system identification approach to obtain low-dimensional models of grid-forming inverters is presented. The proposed approach is based on a Hammerstein-Wiener parametrization of the normal-form model. The normal-form is a gray-box model that utilizes complex frequency and phase to capture non-linear inverter dynamics. The model is validated on two well-known control strategies: droop-control and dispatchable virtual oscillators. simulations and hardware-in-the-loop experiments demonstrate that the normal-form accurately models inverter dynamics across various operating conditions. The approach shows great potential for enhancing the modeling of RES-dominated power systems, especially when component models are unavailable or computationally expensive. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Modelling and simulation of Electric Vehicle using Typhoon HIL simulation Tool

Modelling and Simulation of Electric Vehicle using Typhoon H...

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Advancement in Technology (ICONAT), International Conference for

作者： Raghavendra Naik Shreepad Naik Minal Salunke Chandrashekharreddy Chavadi Bunty Jadhav Dept of Electrical and Electronics KLE Technological University Hubbali India

ISBN: (数字)9798350354171

ISBN: (纸本)9798350354188

The evolution of Electric Vehicle(EV) are lead to reduce carbon emissions and improving the dependability of renewable energy source, the automobile industry saw a dramatic revitalization with the introduction of the idea of EVs for the evolution and development of electric mobility. To effectively incorporate EVs into power networks, a comprehensive EV model must be created that takes into account the driving needs of EV users as well as the State of Charge (SOC) and discharge characteristics of the batteries. It was suggested to use a general EV model that accounts for the charging characteristics of EV batteries. In this article, an EV with five subsystems is modeled and designed in a virtual hardware-In-the-loop(HIL) environment utilizing a Typhoon HIL simulation program configured with HIL402. Five subsystems of EV model are designed using signal processing elements. those are Li-ion Battery, Electric Drives, Mechanical Transmission,Vehicle dynamics, and Vehicle control and Energy Management System(EMS) Subsystem. The simulation signals are monitored with SCADA widgets using a wide selection of measuring and monitoring instruments. The electric vehicle is modeled and designed using signal processing elements and analyzed for different Test scenarios. The effect of acceleration, retardation and steady state behaviour of EV is analyzed.

关键词： Analytical models Tropical cyclones hardware-in-the-loop simulation Virtual environments Signal processing Electric vehicles Steady-state State of charge Vehicle dynamics Monitoring

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