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Energy Storage and Conversion (ISESC), CPSS & IEEE International Symposium on

作者： Yikun Pan Jinghua Zhou Ningning Wang Shuangshuang Rong School of Energy Storage Science and Engineering North China University of Technology Beijing City China PCS R&D Department SYL (Ningbo) Battery Co. Ltd. Ningbo City China

ISBN: (数字)9798350380514

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380521

In the context of grid-connected power electronic devices, particularly power conversion systems (PCS), traditional bilateral reactive power perturbation techniques are plagued by challenges associated with unpredictable detection times and pronounced detrimental effects on power quality. Meanwhile, unilateral reactive power perturbation methods encounter similar difficulties in effectively managing detection durations. This paper, taking into account the operational conditions both preceding and following the occurrence of islanding, conducts a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles of reactive power perturbation. It subsequently establishes an approximate linear correlation between reactive power perturbation and the frequency at the point of common coupling (PCC) subsequent to islanding. Building upon this analysis, the paper introduces the design rationale for a dual-trigger mechanism for reactive power perturbations, which integrates the strengths of both perturbation methodologies. Consequently, a novel hybrid reactive power perturbation-based islanding detection method, conditioned upon these dual triggers, is proposed. Through comprehensive hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations, the results conclusively demonstrate that this method exhibits minimal disruption to output power quality, exhibits robust adaptability to grid frequency fluctuations, effectively eliminates detection blind zones, and ensures precise control over the timing of islanding detection.

关键词： Reactive power Islanding Perturbation methods hardware-in-the-loop simulation Power quality Hybrid power systems Power electronics Timing Power conversion Power generation

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Model and Design of a Four-Wire Grid-Connected Grid-Forming Converter Using Describing Functions

Model and Design of a Four-Wire Grid-Connected Grid-Forming ...

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IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE

作者： Eliabe D. Queiroz André L. M. Leopoldino Douglas de Assis Ferreira Igor Alves Maronni Victor Cordeiro de Arruda José Antenor Pomilio Joel Filipe Guerreiro Universidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil Eldorado Research Institute Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350376067

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376074

The operation of a grid-forming converter in unbalanced four-wire systems can benefit from a more flexible control, achievable through per-phase controllers. Nonetheless, the design of this controller requires a theoretical model that deals with nonlinear dynamics and accounts for couplings with other phases. This work presents a method using describing functions for linearization and whole system representation through state-space modeling. simulations of the linear model are compared to results obtained through hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

关键词： Couplings Reactive power Tropical cyclones hardware-in-the-loop simulation Power quality Energy conversion Nonlinear dynamical systems Voltage control Inductors Grid forming

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Verification and Validation of Autonomous Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shetiya, Sneha Sudhir Vyas, Vikas Renukuntla, Shreyas MI United States CA United States Oakland University Michigan United States

This paper describes how to proficiently prevent software defects in autonomous vehicles, discover and correct defects if they are encountered, and create a higher level of assurance in the software product developmen... 详细信息

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Online Construction of Small-Signal Stability Region for Wind Farms With Reduced-Order Impedance Model and Two-Layer Optimization

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Wang, Peng Liu, Tiancheng Zhao, Haoran Ma, Yuexin Yuan, Chenxinwei Shandong University School of Electrical Engineering Jinan250061 China State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company Nanjing210000 China

Incidents of wideband oscillations occurred in wind farms, urgently necessitating small-signal stability assessment. The wind speed and the output power are time-variant, resulting in varying impedance characteristics and stability performance of the wind turbine generators (WTGs). To achieve accurate and efficient stability assessment, this paper proposes an online construction method of the stability region based on a piecewise affine impedance model. Firstly, the piecewise affine impedance of the WTG is offline constructed as a function of the operating points. During online applications, the impedance is rapidly identified with knowledge of the readily measured operating points. As such, the efficiency of the impedance calculation is significantly improved, and the impedance of the WTGs with unknown parameters can be constructed. To address the grid side with data-driven methods, a dynamic mode decomposition-based piecewise affine approach is introduced to identify the grid impedance. Secondly, a two-layer optimization is proposed to determine the stability region boundary of the WTGs. An enhanced generalized Nyquist criterion and a composite shape algorithm for a rapid solution are developed. Finally, numerical simulations and hardware experiments are performed for validation. The experiments include a physical platform for a single-PMSG stability test and a hardware-in-loop platform for multi-WTG stability region assessment. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Safety and Energy Assessment of Electric Vehicles Equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control System

Safety and Energy Assessment of Electric Vehicles Equipped w...

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International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC)

作者： Andrea Marchetta Angelo Coppola Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Naples “Federico II” Naples Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798350355185

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355192

This work focuses on the assessment of safety and energy performance of an ACC-equipped electric vehicle under different driving conditions. Variability in vehicle dynamics and ACC settings introduces complexities in analysing the performance of the considered system. To address this challenge, an evaluation methodology that integrates stochastic simulation with the PAWN sensitivity technique is employed. This approach enables the evaluation of the impact of variations in driving conditions on both safety and energy efficiency. The extensive analysis denotes and quantifies the effect of driving condition variables on the performance of the vehicle. Results also prove that different goals (safety and consumption) are affected by different variables. The outcome of such operation is crucial for optimizing ACC system design and operation to enhance both safety and energy efficiency in electric vehicles.

关键词： Energy consumption Sensitivity hardware-in-the-loop simulation Electric vehicles Energy efficiency Safety Indexes Vehicle dynamics MATLAB System analysis and design

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Accuracy and Efficiency Enhancement for Air Pressure of Train Braking Based on Multidimensional LSTM-Attention Model

Accuracy and Efficiency Enhancement for Air Pressure of Trai...

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Photonics and Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS)

作者： Zhou, Kai Ting Wan, Ji Xuan Liu, Ying Tong, Mei Song Tongji Univ Dept Elect Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728172477

China's freight trains are developing towards long marshalling and large marshalling. The characteristics of heavy haul train braking system have become the focus of attention. When studying the characteristics of heavy haul freight train braking system, if we can use hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform, it will save a lot of manpower and material resources. Moreover, the results of hardware-in-the-loop simulation test, compared with the results of computer simulation alone, its accuracy has been greatly improved, and the scope of application is more extensive. The core of hardware-in-the-loop simulation of braking system is to simulate the braking situation of long marshalling trains through the braking situation of small marshalling trains. Based on the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform of 150 train braking system, the LSTM-Attention model is trained by deep learning technology and existing air pressure data, and the initial air pressure data of unknown vehicles are given. Based on the braking performance test of small marshalling trains, the braking model of long marshalling trains is established. The results show that the LSTM-Attention model has strong advantages in this paper. Compared with the traditional sequence prediction method, the accuracy of the experimental results is far ahead, and the experimental efficiency is also very competitive.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Deep Learning-based Approximate Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with Offset-free Tracking for Embedded Applications

Deep Learning-based Approximate Nonlinear Model Predictive C...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Chan, Kimberly J. Paulson, Joel A. Mesbah, Ali Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Berkeley CA 94720 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665441971

The implementation of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) in applications with fast dynamics remains an open challenge due to the need to solve a potentially non-convex optimization problem in real-time. The offline approximation of NMPC laws using deep learning has emerged as a powerful framework for overcoming these challenges in terms of speed and resource requirements. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are particularly attractive for embedded applications due to their small memory footprint. This work introduces a strategy for achieving offset-free tracking despite the presence of error in DNN-based approximate NMPC. The proposed approach involves a correction factor defined via a small-scale target tracking optimization problem, which is easier to approximate than the tracking NMPC law itself. As such, the overall control strategy is amenable to efficient implementations on low-cost embedded hardware. The effectiveness of the proposed offset-free DNN-based NMPC is demonstrated on a benchmark problem in which the control strategy is deployed onto a field programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture that is verified using hardware-in-the-loop simulations.

关键词： Deep learning Target tracking hardware-in-the-loop simulation Logic gates Benchmark testing Real-time systems hardware

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Real-time implementation of an online path replanner for an AUV operating in a dynamic and unexplored environment

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APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH 2022年 118卷 1页

作者： Lim, Hui Sheng King, Peter Chin, Christopher K. H. Chai, Shuhong Bose, Neil Univ Tasmania Australian Maritime Coll Natl Ctr Maritime Engn & Hydrodynam Launceston Tas 7250 Australia Mem Univ Newfoundland St John NF A1C 5S7 Canada

This study describes the implementation of an online path planner in an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system by using an open-source system architecture, MOOS-IvP. The path planner employed a path replanning scheme and the selective differential evolution quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (SDEQPSO) algorithm. The implementation was based on a modular framework to ensure the robustness of the path replanner during a mission. The performance of the path replanner was evaluated and verified under stochastic processes hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests, in which the replanner interacted with the onboard controllers and actuators of an Explorer AUV. The experimental results showed the path replanner can be run seamlessly with the hardware onboard an Explorer AUV in real time to generate and continuously refine a safe and feasible path for a dynamic and unexplored environment.

关键词： Autonomous underwater vehicle Path planning Particle swarm optimization hardware-in-the-loop simulation Real-time systems

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Analysis of a Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a BLDC Propulsion Motor Based on HIL simulation

Analysis of a Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with a BLDC Pro...

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IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

作者： Mishra, Anjanee Kumar Kim, Taehyung Univ Michigan Elect & Comp Engn Dearborn MI 48128 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728175836

In this paper, a new multi-functional integrated DCDC converter for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications is presented. Hybrid power sources, including a fuel cell (FC), battery, and solar, are used in the proposed UAV power system to prolong the flight endurance time. For those multiple sources, the proposed integrated DC-DC converter involves in different functional structures, which offer performance optimization of FC and solar panel, charging/discharging operation of the battery, DC bus voltage regulation, and is able to perform in the regenerative operating mode if it is needed. A permanent magnet BLDC motor is employed for the system working with the multi-functional integrated converter. Moreover, the proposed integrated converter can also be used to charge the battery through the grid from any outlet charging station. A real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup has been used to verify the proposed converter and control strategy.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation DC-DC power converters Permanent magnet motors Unmanned aerial vehicles Real-time systems Batteries Topology

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Accurate Real-Time simulation of Converters with Frequent Current Commutation Using Sub-Step Events 18

Accurate Real-Time Simulation of Converters with Frequent Cu...

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18th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (IEEE VPPC)

作者： Allmeling, Jost Rodriguez-Diaz, Enrique Felderer, Niklaus Plexim GmbH Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665405287

Executing real-time simulations with a fixed time step presents a challenge for the calculation of discrete switching events in power electronic converters. The instants of forced and natural commutation of the converter currents will generally not coincide with the simulation step. This problem is particularly evident with DC/DC converters such as the Dual-Active Bridge (DAB) or LLC operating at high switching frequencies where the simulation time step is in the range of the switching period. Moreover, the currents typically commutate twice in each switching period. In this paper, a "sub-step event" approach is presented that splits the fixed simulation step into intervals delimited by switching events. The events include forced switching and natural current commutation. The real-time performance of the sub-step event approach is explained and assessed using a dual-active bridge converter as an example. The performance assessment comprises both the simulation accuracy and the computational effort.

关键词： hardware-in-the-loop simulation power converter power electronics real-time systems

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