The trend of transforming substations into smart automated facilities has led to their swift digitalization and automation. To facilitate data exchange among equipment within these substations, the IEC 61850 standard ...
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The trend of transforming substations into smart automated facilities has led to their swift digitalization and automation. To facilitate data exchange among equipment within these substations, the IEC 61850 standard has become the predominant standard. However, this standardization has inadvertently made these substations more susceptible to cyberattacks, which is a significant concern given the confidential information that is transmitted. As a result, cybersecurity in substations is becoming an increasingly critical topic. IEC 62351 standard provides guidelines and considerations for securing the IEC 61850 messages to mitigate their vulnerabilities. While securing Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages has received considerable attention in literature, the same level of scrutiny has not been applied to Sampled Value (SV) messages despite their susceptibility to cyberattacks and similar frame format. This paper presents the impact of replay and masquerade attacks on SV messages. It also develops a scheme for securing SV messages against these attacks. Due to high sampling rate and time critical nature of SV messages, the time complexity of security scheme is critical for its applicability to SV messages. Hence, in this work, SV emulators have been developed in order to send these modified secure SV messages and investigate their timing performance. The results show that the proposed scheme can mitigate replay and masquerade attacks on SV messages while providing the necessary high sampling rate and stringent timing requirements.
This paper presents an in-depth exploration of an advanced transformer differential protection system that utilizes the MiCOM-P645 relay and the IEC 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event ( GOOSE) communicatio...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350371345
This paper presents an in-depth exploration of an advanced transformer differential protection system that utilizes the MiCOM-P645 relay and the IEC 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event ( GOOSE) communication protocol. Transformer protection is of paramount importance in ensuring the reliable and stable operation of power systems. The integration of these cutting-edge technologies enhances the coordination and fault detection capabilities of transformer protection systems, ultimately improving the reliability and performance of power distribution networks. The study's primary goal is to demonstrate the scheme's effectiveness, improving both the reliability and performance of transformer protection. To aid postgraduate students in comprehending the setup and operational principles of the system, the paper presents a comprehensive approach encompassing theoretical analysis, an extensive literature review, and practical results obtained from simulation, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, and real-time simulation using the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Simulation results validate the success of MiCOM-P645 relay-based differential protection with IEC 61850, highlighting its faster response compared to traditional hardwired signals during real-time testing.
This paper delves into the practical application of transactive energy markets within community microgrids, making use of an innovative openADR-based microgrid emulator for thorough testing and validation. The emulato...
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QUBE is a 3U CubeSat that establishes a secure communication link between a satellite and Earth using quantum key exchange. An accurate Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) is a crucial aspect of this miss...
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Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) connect the computer world with the physical world. Increasing scale, complexity, and heterogeneity makes it more and more challenging to test them to guarantee reliability, security, and...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031143434;9783031143427
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) connect the computer world with the physical world. Increasing scale, complexity, and heterogeneity makes it more and more challenging to test them to guarantee reliability, security, and safety. In this paper we report about a successful industry-academia collaboration to improve an existing hardware-in-theloop (HIL) test system with visual regression testing capabilities. For this purpose, we tried to follow an existing model for technology transfer from academia to industry and show its applicability in the context of CPSs. In addition, we provide a list of special collaboration challenges that should be considered in this context for successful industry-academia collaboration. And we discuss some key success factors of our collaboration, emphasizing that the CPS's system and expertise knowledge are of great importance.
Due to the increasing share of battery electric buses (BEBs) in cities, depots need to be adapted to the increasing load demand. The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into a depot can increase the self-co...
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Due to the increasing share of battery electric buses (BEBs) in cities, depots need to be adapted to the increasing load demand. The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into a depot can increase the self-consumption, but optimal sizing is required for a cost-efficient and reliable operation. Accordingly, this paper introduces a co-design optimization framework for a depot microgrid, equipped with photovoltaics (PVs) and an energy storage system (ESS). Three European cities are considered to evaluate the effect of different environmental conditions and electricity prices on the optimal microgrid design. Accurate models of the different subsystems are created to estimate the load demand and the power generation. Different energy management strategies (EMSs), developed to properly control the power flow within the microgrid, are compared in terms of operational costs reduction, one of which was also experimentally validated using a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test setup. In addition, the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the depot microgrid is analyzed, showing that an optimally designed depot microgrid can reduce the charging-related expenses for the public transport operator (PTO) by 30% compared to a scenario in which only the distribution grid supplies the BEB depot.
An intelligent controller is developed based on machine learning algorithm incorporated into predictive control strategy. The model of interest is trained during transfer learning process utilizing measurement dataset...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350399882
An intelligent controller is developed based on machine learning algorithm incorporated into predictive control strategy. The model of interest is trained during transfer learning process utilizing measurement dataset. The introduced control scheme provides an optimal load dispatching among distributed energy resources (DERs) interconnected with a benchmarked Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charger. The proposed scheme offers an easy realization on various embedded hardware systems independently. In this study, a few operational conditions of an exemplary charging station are examined via hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. The findings are then compared to the classical finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) which has been widely used in recent studies. Several operation scenarios have been evaluated and the obtained results are paving the way for future solutions addressing the concern of utilities pertaining to DERs load management for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies.
This study aims to explore an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on optimal control theory. Considering the limitations of existing control strategies in dealing with signal delays and commun...
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This study aims to explore an intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking control method based on optimal control theory. Considering the limitations of existing control strategies in dealing with signal delays and communication lags, a control strategy combining an anthropomorphic forward-looking reference path and longitudinal velocity closure is proposed to improve the accuracy and stability of intelligent vehicle trajectory tracking. Firstly, according to the vehicle dynamic error tracking model, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) transverse controller is designed based on the optimal control principle, and a feedforward control strategy is added to reduce the system steady-state error. Secondly, an anthropomorphic look-ahead prediction model is established to mimic human driving behavior to compensate for the signal lag. The double proportional-integral-derivative (DPID) control algorithm is used to track the longitudinal speed reference value. Finally, a joint simulation is conducted based on MatLab/Simulink2021b and CarSim2019.0 software, and the effectiveness of the control strategy proposed in this paper is verified by constructing a semi-physical experimental platform and carrying out a hardware-in-the-loop test. The simulation and test results show that the control strategy can significantly improve the accuracy and stability of vehicle path tracking, which provides a new idea for future intelligent vehicle control system design.
The proper operation of aged batteries is essential to improve the reliability and performance of grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESS). In this letter, we investigate on the phenomenon that removing ce...
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The proper operation of aged batteries is essential to improve the reliability and performance of grid-connected battery energy storage systems (BESS). In this letter, we investigate on the phenomenon that removing certain battery cells within an aged battery pack, may lead to increasing the effective capacity of the BESS, because those cells with reduced capacity become the limiting factor for the overall BESS operation, while the remaining capacity of some other cells is not used. We optimize the process of identifying which battery cells from a grid-tied BESS should be removed in order to improve the overall BESS performance for smart grid applications. The experimental hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing of a grid-integrated BESS with aged cells is used to validate the developed models and show the increase in the effective capacity once the identified cells are removed. We also perform case studies to assess the impact of cell removal on the operation of an aged BESS in a peak demand shaving smart grid application.
A high-accuracy control-oriented model is an important prerequisite for the design of a ramjet controller, which can provide good engine performance and ensure safe and reliable operation under various environments an...
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A high-accuracy control-oriented model is an important prerequisite for the design of a ramjet controller, which can provide good engine performance and ensure safe and reliable operation under various environments and working conditions. In this study, we established a control-oriented equilibrium manifold expansion (EME) model for ramjets based on engine operation data. Furthermore, according to the EME model, an uncertainty term was introduced to reflect the steady-state error of the system. Meanwhile, in combination with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, an EME observer was developed to eliminate the steady-state error and amend the model. Then, we established a model that can reflect the maneuvering characteristics of a ramjet in a large envelope range. Moreover, a feasible nonlinear controller was designed using the EME model and the sliding mode control (SMC) method to further eliminate the influence of model parameter perturbations and enhance the robustness of the control system. A direct control target was designed to further verify the estimation accuracy of the unmeasurable output of the EKF-based EME observer, and to achieve the direct control of the thrust performance and safety performance of a ramjet. Finally, the results of the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment showed that the state variable tracking error of the EME + EKF SMC system was reduced by at least 40% under continuous variable Mach number instructions, and the tracking error was reduced by more than 70% under more extreme simulation instructions. The control system was robust, and the accuracy of the model significantly improved. In addition, the results of the HIL experiment showed that a EME + EKF SMC control system with high accuracy and stability was established with thrust and inlet stability margin as control objectives.(c) 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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