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Securing the edge: privacy-preserving federated learning for insider threats in IoT networks

JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2025年第1期81卷 1-49页

作者： Kamatchi, K. Uma, E. Anna Univ Coll Engn Guindy Dept Informat Sci & Technol Chennai 600025 India

Insider threats in Internet of Things (IoT) networks pose significant risks, as compromised devices can misuse their privileges to cause substantial harm. Centralized methods for insider threat detection in IoT devices are critical for identifying and mitigating insider risks. User behavior, such as access patterns, login times and data transmission, is profiled using machine learning algorithms to detect deviations that may indicate insider risks. However, training a model that generalizes across different data sources is challenging due to data heterogeneity, which can lead to a drift in performance. This paper introduces a decentralized approach called federated learning (FL) to address these challenges. An advanced privacy-preserving method is proposed for detecting and reducing insider threats in IoT devices. The process begins with a trust authority generating a random digital certificate using the hybrid Rivest-Shamir-Adleman and elliptic curve digital signature algorithm for IoT user registration. Node clustering is performed using the ordering points to identify the clustering structure with centroid refinement algorithm, ensuring data privacy by transmitting only cluster heads to local models. Additionally, the federated automatic weight optimization hash-based message authentication code with secure hash algorithm is introduced to further strengthen protection. The experimental results show accuracy rates of 98.85% on the simulated dataset and 83.74% on the X-IIoTID test dataset. These finding facilitates the effectiveness of the proposed solution in terms of accuracy, time, throughput, node scalability and overall performance. The results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other prominent approaches in the field.

关键词： Federated learning Rivest-Shamir-Adleman Elliptic curve digital signature algorithm Ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS) Federated automatic weight optimization hash-based message authentication code Secure hash algorithm Insider threat detection

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Double salted HMAC signature with blockchain for faster and secure video integrity verification

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2025年第4期81卷 1-26页

作者： Lawrence, Linju Shreelekshmi, R. Coll Engn Trivandrum Dept Comp Sci & Engn Thiruvananthapuram 695016 Kerala India APJ Abdul Kalam Technol Univ Thiruvananthapuram 695016 Kerala India Coll Engn Trivandrum Dept Comp Applicat Thiruvananthapuram 695016 Kerala India

Digital technology advancements have increased the use of video surveillance for ongoing observation, aiding in forensic investigations and crime prevention. Recent developments in video editing and manipulation software, however, make it simple to alter footage without leaving obvious traces. Therefore, before being used as evidence, video data need to have its integrity verified. In this paper, a novel and lightweight method for ensuring the integrity of video data is presented. Blockchain, hash-based message authentication code using BLAKE2b hash function, and Twisted Edwards Curve to generate signatures and Diffie-Hellman algorithm using Curve25519 for exchange key are used in the proposed method. The file location for the video segment, the double salted HMAC signature, and the transient public key needed to validate the signature are all included in each block in the chain. The double salted HMAC signature is the combined signature of salted HMAC value of the video segment and salted HMAC value of previous block. Recomputing the salted HMAC values allows for the validation of this signature at the time of verification. According to experimental data, the proposed method is faster and more secure than state-of-the-art methods. With negligible additional storage requirements, our method can detect every kind of forgery on any video file, by an authorized user. Additionally, our security analysis demonstrates that our method is resistant to side-channel, differential, preimage, and key substitution attacks, among other forms of assaults. The proposed lightweight video integrity verification method is more appropriate for usage in devices with limited resources.

关键词： Blockchain Twisted Edwards curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange hash-based message authentication code Video integrity

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Investigating the Avalanche Effect of Various Cryptographically Secure hash Functions and hash-based Applications

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 112472-112486页

作者： Upadhyay, Darshana Gaikwad, Nupur Zaman, Marzia Sampalli, Srinivas Dalhousie Univ Fac Comp Sci Halifax NS B3H 1W5 Canada Cistel Technol Inc Res & Dev Dept Ottawa ON K2E 7V7 Canada

In modern cryptography, hash functions are considered as one of the key components for secure communication. They play a vital role in a wide range of applications such as ensuring the authentication and integrity of the data, in forensic investigation, password storage, random number generations for unique session keys, and for creating a unified view in blockchain. The Avalanche effect (also known as diffusion) is an important characteristic of a hash function where a minor change in the hash function's input will result in a significantly different output. The absence of this property implies that the hash function is vulnerable to various attacks such as collision attack, length extension attack, and preimage attack. Through this research, we have investigated the Avalanche effect of sixteen hash functions and two hash-based applications, namely hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) and Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS). To measure the performance of these hash functions and hash-based applications, we have implemented a generic circuit using CrypTool for automating the simulation process for multiple trials. Simulation results indicate that around half of the inputs of each hash function failed to exhibit the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) and, Bit Independence Criterion (BIC). Moreover, we ranked the hash functions based on Multi Criteria Decision Metrics (MCDM) using intermediate states of simulation results. Furthermore, a total of fifteen statistical tests were carried out to evaluate the randomization property of the hash functions using NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) toolkit. This study is aimed to open up a future scope of research to the need for improvement of various hash functions by analyzing the randomization and non-correlation properties of existing functions in terms of the Avalanche effect.

关键词： Cryptography Encryption Resistance Cryptographic hash function Passwords codes Public key cryptography authentication Avalanche effect cryptographically secure hash functions SAC (Strict Avalanche Criterion) BIC (Bit Independence Criterion) message authentication code collision attack preimage resistance attack hash-based message authentication code public key cryptography standards

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Cryptographic Method to Provide Confidentiality and Integrity in Implantable Medical Devices 2

Cryptographic Method to Provide Confidentiality and Integrit...

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International Conference on Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ICICCT)

作者： Vishnupriya, T. H. Vareed, Jucy Cryptog Method Provide Confidential & Integr Impl Comp Sci & Engn Thalakottukara PO Trichur 680501 Kerala India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538619742

This paper presents various cryptographic mechanisms used to bring confidentiality and integrity to Implantable Medical Devices(IMDs) that are wirelessly connected. An IMD is described as any operating medical device that is designed to be completely or partly brought in, surgically or medically, into the human body or by medical intervention into a natural opening, and which is destined to persist after the process. IMDs, like an artificial pacemaker and cochlear implants, perform healing, life-saving functions and store sensitive data;because of this, it is extremely relevant to forbid attackers from having a means of entry to the database. There are many cryptographic methods through which we can provide confidentiality, integrity to sensitive data such as electrocardiogram (ECG)-based data encryption (EDE), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Attribute-based encryption (ABE), hash-based message authentication code (HMAC). A review of different cryptographic approaches to add security to IMDs is presented in this paper.

关键词： Implantable Medical Device Elliptic Curve Cryptography Attribute-based Encryption hash-based message authentication code

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HMAC based ONE TIME PASSWORD GENERATOR

HMAC BASED ONE TIME PASSWORD GENERATOR

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22nd IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU)

作者： Yakut, Selman Ozer, A. Bedri Firat Univ Bilgisayar Muhendisligi Bolumu Elazig Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781479948741

One Time Password which is fixed length strings to perform authentication in electronic media is used as a one-time. In this paper, One Time Password production methods which based on hash functions were investigated. Keccak digest algorithm was used for the production of One Time Password. This algorithm has been selected as the latest standards for hash algorithm in October 2012 by National Instute of Standards and Technology. This algorithm is preferred because it is faster and safer than the others. One Time Password production methods based on hash Auctions is called hashing-based message authentication code structure. In these structures, the key value is using with the hash Junction to generate the hashing-based message authentication code value. Produced One Time Password value is based on the This value. In this application, the length of the value One Time Password was the eight characters to be useful in practice.

关键词： hash Function Keccak One Time Passwords hash-based message authentication code

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Mutual trust method for forwarding information in wireless sensor networks using random secret pre-distribution

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ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2016年第4期8卷 1687814016642385-1687814016642385页

作者： Lin, Chih-Hsueh Huang, Yu-Hsiu Yein, Alan Dahgwo Hsieh, Wen-Shyong Lee, Chung-Nan Kuo, Pin-Chun Shu Te Univ Dept Comp & Commun 59 Hengshan Rd Kaohsiung 82445 Taiwan Cheng Shiu Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn Kaohsiung Taiwan Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Shu Te Univ Dept Informat Management Kaohsiung 82445 Taiwan

In wireless sensor networks, sensing information must be transmitted from sensor nodes to the base station by multiple hopping. Every sensor node is a sender and a relay node that forwards the sensing information that is sent by other nodes. Under an attack, the sensing information may be intercepted, modified, interrupted, or fabricated during transmission. Accordingly, the development of mutual trust to enable a secure path to be established for forwarding information is an important issue. Random key pre-distribution has been proposed to establish mutual trust among sensor nodes. This article modifies the random key pre-distribution to a random secret pre-distribution and incorporates identity-based cryptography to establish an effective method of establishing mutual trust for a wireless sensor network. In the proposed method, base station assigns an identity and embeds n secrets into the private secret keys for every sensor node. based on the identity and private secret keys, the mutual trust method is utilized to explore the types of trust among neighboring sensor nodes. The novel method can resist malicious attacks and satisfy the requirements of wireless sensor network, which are resistance to compromising attacks, masquerading attacks, forger attacks, replying attacks, authentication of forwarding messages, and security of sensing information.

关键词： Wireless sensor network random key pre-distribution random secret pre-distribution identity-based cryptograph hash-based message authentication code

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