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Investigating the Role of Executive Intrafirm Alumni Networks in Top Management Fraud: Multilevel Study in China's Construction Industry

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JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING 2024年第2期40卷 04023067-04023067页

作者： Wang, Ran Wang, Tongbing Lee, Chia-Jung Liu, Zhengxuan Zhang, Guoqiang Hunan Univ Coll Civil Engn Lushan Rd S Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China Tunghai Univ Dept Int Business 1727Sec4Taiwan Blvd Taichung 40704 Taiwan Hunan Univ Natl Ctr Int Res Collaborat Bldg Safety & Environm Changsha 410082 Hunan Peoples R China Delft Univ Technol Fac Architecture & Built Environm Julianalaan 134 NL-2628 BL Delft Netherlands

To explore factors that influence the likelihood of committing fraud in the construction industry, this study concentrated on senior executives and tested whether some characteristics at the individual and firm levels have impacts on the likelihood of fraud committed by top management. Based on social network theory, this study first proposes that intrafirm alumni networks may increase the probability of senior executives engaging in corrupt behavior. Then the study explored whether the effect of executives' alumni networks on their wrongdoings is influenced by external and internal corporate governance measures. To verify the hypotheses, this study collected data on 2,017 senior executives from 118 construction companies in China from 2013 to 2021. Because of the multilevel structure of the data, hierarchical linear modeling was used. The results show that alumni networks have a significant positive effect on top management fraud. The effect is weakened by external auditing, altered by board independence, and strengthened by the size of the board of directors and the size of the supervisory board. This multilevel research contributes to advancing the understanding of managers' fraudulent behavior within an organization and extends the literature on social networks and corporate governance in the construction industry. This study addressed fraud in the construction industry by examining the role of top managers and their social networks. Corporate governance was considered to investigate variations in the impact of social networks on top management fraud across firms. The findings demonstrate that top managers with extensive alumni networks are more susceptible to engaging in fraud, particularly in firms with an overabundance of independent directors, large boards, or non-Big 4 auditing firms. To mitigate this issue in the short term, companies are advised to redesign their corporate hiring policies and governance systems to ensure that preferential treatment based

关键词： Alumni networks Top management fraud hierarchical linear modeling Corporate governance Social networks

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Neighborhood Characteristics, Deprivation, and Attachment: Evidence From Guangzhou, China

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HOUSING POLICY DEBATE 2022年第4-5期32卷 661-677页

作者： Chang, Jiang Lu, Tingting Xie, Dixiang Lin, Zihan Michigan State Univ Dept Geog Environm & Spatial Sci E Lansing MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ Global Urban Studies Program E Lansing MI 48824 USA Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Int & Publ Affairs Shanghai Peoples R China Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Architecture & Urban Planning Guangzhou Peoples R China Michigan State Univ Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat E Lansing MI 48824 USA

Housing reform since the 1990s has created a new sociospatial structure in Chinese cities. However, neighborhood deprivation remains one of the key challenges for urban housing policies. This study investigates the relationship among perceived neighborhood characteristics, deprivation, and attachment, based on a survey of 59 neighborhoods across Guangzhou, China. We adopt an objective approach to measure the index of multiple deprivation (IMD) on the neighborhood scale. The descriptive statistics indicate that while residents in deprived neighborhoods generally report lower level of perceived neighborhood physical environments and neighborhood attachment, their evaluations of neighborhood social environments are not necessarily lower. Results from the hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) show that perceived housing conditions, perceived neighborhood environment, neighborhood ties, and sense of security are significantly correlated with neighborhood attachment. Furthermore, the moderation analysis reveals that the effect of perceived housing conditions on neighborhood attachment is stronger in more deprived neighborhoods. We propose that residents' subjective feelings, timely and direct measurement of IMD, and context-based strategies should be used in urban housing policies to reduce the negative impacts of neighborhood deprivation.

关键词： Poverty neighborhood deprivation neighborhood attachment hierarchical linear modeling Guangzhou

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Improving Science Achievement-Is It Possible? Evaluating the Efficacy of a High School Chemistry and Physics Project-Based Learning Intervention

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EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHER 2022年第2期51卷 109-121页

作者： Schneider, Barbara Krajcik, Joseph Lavonen, Jari Salmela-Aro, Katariina Klager, Christopher Bradford, Lydia Chen, I-Chien Baker, Quinton Touitou, Israel Peek-Brown, Deborah Dezendorf, Rachel Marias Maestrales, Sarah Bartz, Kayla Michigan State Univ Coll Educ 516B Erickson Hall620 Farm Lane E Lansing MI 48823 USA Michigan State Univ E Lansing MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ CREATE STEM Inst 620 Farm Lane E Lansing MI 48823 USA Univ Helsinki Phys & Chem Educ PL 9Siltavuorenpenger 5A Helsinki 00014 Finland Univ Helsinki Educ Sci PL 9Siltavuorenpenger 5A Helsinki 00014 Finland

Crafting Engaging Science Environments is a high school chemistry and physics project-based learning intervention that meets Next Generation Science Standards performance expectations. It was administered to a diverse group of over 4,000 students in a randomized control trial in California and Michigan. Results show that treatment students, on average, performed 0.20 standard deviations higher than control students on an independently developed summative science assessment. Mediation analyses show an indirect path between teacher- and student-reported participation in modeling practices and science achievement. Exploratory analyses indicate positive treatment effects for enhancing college ambitions. Overall, results show that improving secondary school science learning is achievable with a coherent system comprising teacher and student learning experiences, professional learning, and formative unit assessments that support students in "doing" science.

关键词： achievement effect size evaluation experimental research hierarchical linear modeling learning environments program evaluation science education

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Distributed Practice in Math Facts Fluency: A Comparative Analysis of Varied Intersession Intervals

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SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022年第5期51卷 517-525页

作者： Powell, Steven L. Duhon, Gary Poncy, Brian C. Mwavita, Mwarumba Englen, Alexander J. N. Oklahoma State Univ Sch Psychol Program Stillwater OK 74078 USA Oklahoma State Univ Sch Psychol Sch Psychol Program Stillwater OK 74078 USA Oklahoma State Univ Res Evaluat Measurement & Stat Program Stillwater OK 74078 USA

We examined the math facts fluency growth of students receiving explicit timing practice in either a massed, short-distributed, or long-distributed fashion. In a repeated measures group design, 43 Midwestern third-grade students completed four 1-min math probes each day for 20 days. hierarchical linear modeling revealed that students who received practice separated by a 3-hr interval grew significantly more than students who practiced with a 10-min distribution or a massed presentation. Impact Statement Our study found further support that separating math fact fluency practice by an interval of at least 3 hr leads to greater learning than practicing for the same amount of overall time but without separating the practice.

关键词： explicit timing math facts fluency distributed practice hierarchical linear modeling Daniel Lee Gadke

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How Daily Mindfulness Predicts Life Satisfaction: From the Perspective of Mindfulness Coping Model

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JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022年第8期156卷 568-581页

作者： Xue, Ying Xiang, Yanhui Hunan Normal Univ Dept Psychol Changsha 410081 Peoples R China Hunan Normal Univ Educ Psychol Changsha Peoples R China

Previous studies have explored the effect of mindfulness on life satisfaction, but the mechanism has not been explored in terms of daily mindfulness. Therefore, based on the mindfulness coping model, this study uses a daily diary method to examine whether individuals' daily mindfulness could predict life satisfaction and whether this relationship was mediated by rumination. In this study, 178 adults who had not received mindfulness training completed the same diary for continuous 14 days, in which their mindfulness and rumination at state level were measured. Besides, mindfulness, rumination, and life satisfaction at dispositional level were measured before and after the daily reporting process. hierarchical linear models showed that daily mindfulness is a significant predictor of daily rumination. In addition, both the latent growth curve model and structural equation model showed that the change of daily mindfulness can influence life satisfaction through the change of rumination, and this relationship was also confirmed at the dispositional level. These findings are not only valuable for understanding how mindfulness is linked to rumination and life satisfaction according to the mindfulness coping model, but also contribute to the development of psychological intervention programs aimed at improving individual life satisfaction.

关键词： Mindfulness rumination life satisfaction daily diary method hierarchical linear modeling

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Interpersonal predictors of loneliness in Japanese children: variable- and person-centered approaches

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BMC PSYCHOLOGY 2022年第1期10卷 1页

作者： Nishimura, Takuma Murakami, Tatsuya Sakurai, Shigeo Fukuyama City Univ Fac Educ Hiroshima Fukuyama Japan Juntendo Univ Fac Hlth & Sports Sci Inzai Chiba Japan Univ Tsukuba Grad Sch Comprehens Human Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

Background Loneliness in children has been a major topic of interest in both clinical and developmental psychology. Further studies to investigate predictors of loneliness are needed for educational practices. Methods A total of 1088 late elementary school-aged children (48.81% boys, M-age = 10.35) participated in a 1-year longitudinal survey. We used hierarchical linear modeling and mover-stayer latent transition analysis. Discussion Findings from the variable- and person- centered approaches suggested that less positive peer relations, higher victimization, and higher relational aggression are predictors of higher future loneliness. Meanwhile, both approaches did not reach an agreement concerning predictors to reduce loneliness. This result highlighted a utility of a combined approach and sounded an alarm for overreliance on the variable-centered approach dominating child research. Conclusion To protect young children from loneliness, it will be more beneficial to prevent the development of loneliness rather than to apply interventions to reduce loneliness once established. Preventive practices need to be implemented to protect children from loneliness.

关键词： Children hierarchical linear modeling Loneliness Longitudinal study Mover-stayer latent transition analysis

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The Impact of Project-Based Learning on AP Exam Performance

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EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS 2022年第4期44卷 638-666页

作者： Saavedra, Anna Rosefsky Morgan, Kari Lock Liu, Ying Garland, Marshall W. Rapaport, Amie Hu, Alyssa Hoepfner, Danial Haderlein, Shira Korn Univ Southern Calif Domsife Ctr Econ & Social Res 635 Downey WayVPDSuite 505 Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Penn State Univ Stat 325 Thomas Bldg University Pk PA 16802 USA Univ Southern Calif Ctr Econ & Social Res 635 Downey WayVPDSuite 505 Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Penn State Univ Eberly Coll Sci Dept Stat 26 Thomas Bldg University Pk PA 16802 USA Gibson Consulting Grp 1801 South Mopac ExpresswaySuite 270 Austin TX 78746 USA Math Policy Res Princeton NJ USA

Harnessing a cluster randomized controlled trial, we estimated the impact on students' advanced placement (AP) examination performance of a project-based learning (PBL) approach to AP compared with a lecture-based AP approach. Through PBL, teachers primarily play a facilitator role, while students work on complex tasks organized around central questions leading to a final product. We estimated positive and significant treatment effects on AP exam performance for the overall sample, within both AP courses studied, and within low- and high-income student groups. Results support teacher-driven adoption of the PBL AP approach within both courses studied, among districts with open-enrollment AP policies and supportive of PBL, for students from low- and high-income households.

关键词： curriculum high schools instructional practices program evaluation experimental research hierarchical linear modeling mixed methods

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Psychological Well-Being of Intellectually and Academically Gifted Students in Self-Contained and Pull-Out Gifted Programs

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GIFTED CHILD QUARTERLY 2022年第3期66卷 188-207页

作者： Cash, Trent N. Lin, Tzu-Jung Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Educ Studies Educ Psychol Columbus OH 43210 USA

This study examined the psychological well-being of students enrolled in two gifted programs with different service delivery models. Participants were 292 fifth- and sixth-grade students (M-age = 11.70, SDage = 0.65) enrolled in a gifted math pull-out program (n = 103), a self-contained gifted program (n = 90), or a program providing no gifted services, which served as a control group (n = 99). Multiple differences in psychological well-being across programs were revealed in hierarchical linear Models, particularly in terms of math self-concept, loneliness, and maladaptive perfectionism. Students in the two gifted programs reported different patterns of psychological well-being when compared with students in the no gifted services control group. These differences suggest distinct social phenomena underlying the two different service delivery models.

关键词： elementary gifted hierarchical linear modeling social/emotional

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Exclusionary School Discipline Policies and Mental Health in a National Sample of Adolescents without Histories of Suspension or Expulsion

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YOUTH & SOCIETY 2022年第1期54卷 84-103页

作者： Eyllon, Mara Salhi, Carmel Griffith, John L. Lincoln, Alisa K. Northeastern Univ Boston MA 02115 USA Northeastern Univ Dept Hlth Sci Boston MA 02115 USA Northeastern Univ Dept Hlth Sci Biostat Boston MA 02115 USA Northeastern Univ Sociol & Hlth Sci Boston MA 02115 USA Northeastern Univ Inst Hlth Equ & Social Justice Res Boston MA 02115 USA Boston Med Ctr Boston MA USA

We apply the theory of collateral consequences and a social stress process framework to school discipline to examine whether exclusionary school discipline policies are associated with the mental health and wellbeing of adolescents who have never been suspended or expelled and whether this association varies across race/ethnicity. Data are from 8,878 adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. hierarchical linear models examined associations between discipline policies and adolescent depressive symptoms and school-connectedness, and modification by race/ethnicity. Schools had high levels of exclusionary discipline for both violent and non-violent infractions. More exclusionary policies were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (b = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.15, 1.91,p < .05). Sense of school-connectedness was not associated with disciplinary policies. Neither association was modified by race/ethnicity.

关键词： depressive symptoms school-connectedness adolescence hierarchical linear modeling school discipline education

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The Mindfulness-Based Gaia Program Reduces Internalizing Problems in High-School Adolescents: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

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MINDFULNESS 2022年第7期13卷 1804-1815页

作者： Scafuto, Francesca Ghiroldi, Silvia Montecucco, Nitamo Federico Presaghi, Fabio Iani, Luca Ramapo Coll Sch Social Sci & Human Serv Mahwah NJ USA Global Village NGO Escondido CA USA Sapienza Univ Rome Dept Psychol Dev & Social Proc Rome Italy European Univ Rome Dept Human Sci Via Aldobrandeschi 190 I-00163 Rome Italy

Objectives The Gaia program is a 12-week mindfulness intervention based on cultivating body, emotional, and ecological self-awareness, which has been shown so far to be effective in reducing children's internalizing and externalizing problems at school. This paper presents the results of a CRCT aimed at investigating the effectiveness of this program on improving internalizing, externalizing, and total problems in a different population group (i.e., high-school adolescents). Methods The study compared outcomes for adolescents assigned to the experimental group, who received the intervention delivered by instructors within the school curriculum, with those of the control group using a multilevel regression model. Emotional/behavioral problems were assessed with the Achenbach Youth Self-Report. Two hundred thirty-four participants (mean age 14 years) were recruited from seven schools. Results The experimental group showed a significant decrease in internalizing and total problems scales, as well as a stable pattern of externalizing problems over time, whereas the control group showed an increasing trend in internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Moreover, the treatment group showed a decreasing trend in social and thought problems as compared to that in the control group. Finally, adolescents in the control group who scored below the clinical cut-off score at pre-test, at the end of the study scored above the clinical cut-off score in total and externalizing problems. Conclusions Findings from this study provide evidence that the Gaia program for adolescents may significantly decrease internalizing problems and maintain similar levels of externalizing problems from pre-test to post-test that, conversely, increase in the control group.

关键词： School-based intervention Externalizing problems Youth Self-Report hierarchical linear modeling

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