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Do Teachers maintain their Expectation Bias for students? A longitudinal investigation

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022年第4期25卷 719-744页

作者： Hao, Lifeng Rubie-Davies, Christine M. Watson, Penelope W. St J. Univ Auckland Fac Educ & Social Work 10236E-H 30274 Epsom Ave Auckland New Zealand

Whether teachers maintain their expectation bias for students over time is crucial for understanding self-fulfilling prophecy effects. However, the stability of teacher expectation bias has been largely ignored in the literature. We examined the stability of teacher expectation bias across a sample of teachers and the change trajectories of teacher expectation bias across high-, medium-, and low-expectation teacher groups across all teachers and in the curriculum areas of mathematics, Chinese, and English. Our analyses were based on two-year longitudinal data with four time points from 567 Chinese senior high school students and their 50 teachers. The results showed that across all teachers, teacher expectation bias at the individual student level was dynamic over time. That is, teachers seemed to adjust their initial expectation bias in the first few months but then maintained the adjusted expectation bias afterwards. However, when students moved from Grade 11 to Grade 12 (the last year of high school), teachers seemed to change their expectation bias again. The evidence from HLM analyses further supported these results. That is, all the high- and low-expectation teachers alleviated their initial expectation bias significantly in the first six months and then adhered to their adjusted expectation bias. However, when students moved to the last year of high school, some high- and low-expectation teachers' expectation biases were volatile again. Nevertheless, most high- and low-expectation teachers (except for Chinese low-expectation teachers) tended to either over-estimate or under-estimate their students across two school years. Further, compared to Chinese and mathematics teachers, English teachers' biases seemed to be even more stable. Our findings suggested that some teachers consistently over- or under-estimated their students over an extended time period and this could have implications for student outcomes.

关键词： Teacher expectations High school Curriculum Longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling

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Is It OK If Mommy Dates? The Influence of Mother's Post-Divorce Dating Transitions for Children's Behaviors

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JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022年第6期31卷 1582-1595页

作者： Xiao, He Langlais, Michael R. Anderson, Edward Greene, Shannon Univ North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA Florida State Univ Tallahassee FL 32306 USA Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Despite many mothers' interest in establishing romantic relationships following divorce, some worry about the impacts of dating transitions, such as starting or ending a dating relationship, for their children's adjustment. The literature illustrates that transitions in and out of relationships could hinder children's post-divorce adjustment, but a supportive relationship between children and mothers could buffer the damaging effects. Prior research mostly focused on repartnering (i.e., cohabitation and remarriage) whereas a comparative form of romantic experience, post-divorce dating, is understudied. Post-divorce dating, a critical precondition for cohabitation and remarriage, is assumed to have the power to shape family stability and functioning. The goal of this study is to examine the impact of mothers' post-divorce dating transitions for children's adjustment. Additionally, we test child-mother rapport as a moderator for the relationship between dating transitions and children's adjustment. Longitudinal data for this study comes from mothers of elementary-aged children who were within three months of filing for divorce (N = 316). Results from hierarchical linear models show that mothers' dating transitions exert little direct effect on children's adjustment. However, child-mother rapport moderated the relationships between the time in mothers' dating relationships and children's prosocial behaviors, and between mothers' romantic breakups and children's externalizing behaviors. This adds further support that high child-mother rapport benefits children's adjustment within the context of divorce. Overall, the results suggest that the post-divorce dating relationship transitions may influence children's well-being via indirect pathways and the moderation effect of child-mother rapport on children's behavior are inconsistent across dating transitions. Implications for family adjustment and future research are discussed.

关键词： Post-divorce dating Children's adjustment Child-mother rapport Family transition hierarchical linear modeling

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Attitudes of millennials toward corporate responsibility: a 28-society multilevel analysis

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CROSS CULTURAL & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 2025年第2期32卷 291-316页

作者： Terpstra Tong, Jane L. Y. Ralston, David A. Furrer, Olivier Karam, Charlotte M. Egri, Carolyn Patricia Richards, Malika Dabic, Marina Reynaud, Emmanuelle Fu, Pingping Palmer, Ian Srinivasan, Narasimhan de la Garza Carranza, Maria Teresa Butt, Arif Ruiz-Gutierrez, Jaime Lee, Chay Hoon Naoumova, Irina Moon, Yong-Lin Pla-Barber, Jose Molteni, Mario Kuo, Min Hsu Casado, Tania Sidani, Yusuf M. Mockaitis, Audra Milton, Laurie Zatorska, Luiza Ho, Beng Chia Gelbuda, Modestas Alas, Ruth Danis, Wade Monash Univ Malaysia Subang Jaya Malaysia Univ Fellows Int Res Consortium Ft Myers FL USA Univ Fribourg Dept Management Fribourg Switzerland Univ Ottawa Telfer Sch Management Ottawa ON Canada Amer Univ Beirut Beirut Lebanon Simon Fraser Univ Fac Business Adm Vancouver BC Canada Penn State Univ Reading PA USA Univ Zagreb Zagreb Croatia Aix Marseille Univ IAE Aix Marseille CERGAM Aix En Provence Puyricard France Univ Nottingham Ningbo Peoples R China RMIT Univ Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Connecticut Farmington CT USA Inst Tecnol Celaya Celaya Mexico Lahore Univ Management Sci Lahore Pakistan Univ Andes Bogota Colombia Seatrium Ltd Singapore Singapore Univ Hartford Barney Sch Business Hartford CT USA Seoul Natl Univ Seoul South Korea Univ Valencia Valencia Spain Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore Milan Italy Yuan Ze Univ Taoyuan Taiwan Univ Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Amer Univ Beirut Olayan Sch Business Beirut Lebanon Maynooth Univ Maynooth Kildare Ireland Univ Calgary Calgary AB Canada SGH Warsaw Sch Econ Warsaw Poland Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Singapore ISM Univ Management & Econ Vilnius Lithuania Estonian Business Sch Tallinn Estonia Univ Victoria Gustavson Sch Business Victoria BC Canada

PurposeWe examined the attitudes of millennial-aged business students toward economic, social and environmental corporate responsibility (CR). Currently, these individuals are of an age that they have entered the workforce and are now ascending or have ascended into roles of leadership in which they have decision-making power that influences their company's CR agenda and implementation. Thus, following the ecological systems perspective, we tested both the macro influence of cultural values (survival/self-expression and traditional/secular-rational values) and structural forces (income inequality, welfare socialism and environmental vulnerability) on these individuals' attitudes toward ***/methodology/approachThis is a multilevel study of 3,572 millennial-aged students from 28 Asian, American, Australasian and European societies. We analyzed the data collected in 2003-2009 using hierarchical linear *** our multilevel analyses, we found that survival/self-expression values were negatively related to economic CR and positively related to social CR while traditional/secular-rational values was negatively related to social CR. We also found that welfare socialism was positively related to environmental CR but negatively related to economic CR while environmental vulnerability was not related to any CR. Lastly, income equality was positively related to social CR but not economic or environment responsibilities. In sum, we found that both culture-based and structure-based macro factors, to varying extents, shape the attitudes of millennial-aged students on CR in our ***/valueOur study is grounded in the ecological systems theory framework, combined with research on culture, politico-economics and environmental studies. This provides a multidisciplinary perspective for evaluating and investigating the impact that societal (macro-level) factors have on shaping attitudes toward businesses' engagement in economic, social and environmental

关键词： Economic corporate responsibility social corporate responsibility Environmental corporate responsibility hierarchical linear modeling Cultural values Structural forces

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Parents’ expectations for the educational attainment of their children: A cross-national study using PIRLS 2011

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Prospects 2022年第1-2期52卷 79-100页

作者： Wiseman, Alexander W. Zhao, Xia Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Texas Tech University Box 41071 Lubbock 79409-1071 TX United States Comparative and International Education Program Lehigh University 111 Research Drive Bethlehem 18015 PA United States

This study comparatively examines variation among the expectations of parents worldwide for the educational attainment of their children. The data are from the 2011 Progress in International Reading and Literacy Study (PIRLS). A two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used to estimate multilevel and multi-contextual effects on such expectations. The results reveal that parents in the Middle East had the highest expectations for the educational attainment of their children, followed by parents in East Asia and the Pacific region. Parents in European regions expressed the lowest expectations;however, they expressed significantly higher expectations for their daughters’ educational attainment than for their sons’. In European countries, immigrant parents had significantly higher expectations for the educational attainment of their children than did nonimmigrant parents, but the opposite was true in the Middle East, East Asia, and the Pacific. These results suggest that although parents who belong to different nations and different cultures share norms and values regarding educational attainment, regional differences persist as the result of social, cultural, and economic differences. © 2020, UNESCO IBE.

关键词： hierarchical linear modeling Parental expectations Parental involvement PIRLS 2011 World culture theory

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High-performance human resource practices and employee well-being: the role of networking and proactive personality

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ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES 2022年第4期60卷 721-738页

作者： Zhao, Zejun Yu, Kun Liu, Chang Yan, Yidan Renmin Univ China Beijing Peoples R China

Drawing on the social capital theory, the present study examined the relationship between high-performance human resource practices (HPHRP) and individual well-being, as well as its mechanism and boundary conditions in China. With a sample of 4,395 employees from 437 companies, the results of hierarchical linear modeling revealed that employee networking mediated the relationship between HPHRP and well-being. Moreover, the positive effect of networking on well-being was enhanced under high levels of proactive personality. By exploring the relationship between HPHRP and well-being through a networking perspective and incorporating individual factors into the research model, the present study provides a clearer picture of when and how HPHRP works in the Chinese context. Implications for the literature and managerial practices were discussed.

关键词： hierarchical linear modeling high-performance human resource practices networking proactive personality subjective well-being

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Perceived employability of Korean employees: a multi-dimensional approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 2022年第1期22卷 93-116页

作者： Chun, Jeemin Jyung, Chyul-Young Seoul Natl Univ Dept Vocat Educ & Workforce Dev 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study explores the relationship between perceived employability and individual as well as organizational characteristics of employees in South Korea using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Gender, age, total work experience, turnover, positive psychological capital, proactive personality, social network capital and openness to changes at work were the individual characteristics considered. Organizational characteristics included fairness in human resource management, supervisor feedback and organizational career development support. The analysis confirmed the importance of individual characteristics as well as the role of organizations in reinforcing one's perception of employability. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

关键词： Perceived employability hierarchical linear modeling Employees

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At the intersection of belief and practice: A mixed-methods study of elementary general music educator praxis

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PSYCHOLOGY OF MUSIC 2022年第5期50卷 1494-1510页

作者： Salvador, Karen Svec, Christina Glaser, Jessica Sierzega, Amy Broadway, Alice Michigan State Univ 209 Mus Practice Bldg333 W Circle Dr E Lansing MI 48823 USA Iowa State Univ Ames IA USA

Recent research describing the practices of specialist elementary general music teachers and students is limited, and few research studies specifically examine how practicing music educators think about their music teaching practices. In this mixed-methods case study, we bridged these areas of research by examining music educators' expressed beliefs about music teaching and learning in light of descriptive analysis and hierarchical linear models (HLM) of time sampling data of their teaching practices in elementary music classrooms. Participants (N = 7) shared beliefs that everyone is musical and that music educators must therefore create an environment in which children develop their musicianship by singing, moving, and playing. Time sampling data indicated that teachers spent most of their time talking, while students spent most of their time sitting still and silent. Children in younger grades spent significantly more time in movement activities than those in older grades. HLM analyses provided predictive implications for teachers' use of singing and movement. In this article, we present findings from qualitative analysis of planning artifacts, reflections, and interviews and from HLM of time sampling data, and discuss potential meanings for music teaching and music teacher education.

关键词： elementary general music hierarchical linear modeling music teacher education teacher beliefs time sampling analysis

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Graduate Students' Self-Determination as Writers, Need for Cognition, and Sense of Belonging as Predictors of Confidence in Program Completion

Graduate Students' Self-Determination as Writers, Need for C...

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作者： Ebejer, Mary Western Michigan University

学位级别：Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy

This study explored graduate student self-determination as a writer, need for cognition, and sense of belonging as predictors of their confidence today in their program completion. The data set consisted of 2,390 graduate students at universities across the United States. The data analysis was conducted using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), with students nested in programs, nested in universities. The analysis found that both self-determination as a writer and sense of belonging contributed to student confidence in program completion. Need for cognition did not. Seven statistically significant student-level demographic and program-related variables remained in the final model, including: PhD student, returning to higher education after five years for reasons other than employment, having a disability that impacts the ability to read and write, whether they were enrolled in a program discipline that was more theoretical vs. applied or both, whether they were struggling as writers in graduate school, whether they were currently writing their major final paper, and their confidence at the start of their program that they would complete their degree. Gender, age, SES background, returning to higher education after five years as a working professional, minority student, international student, and English learner were not statistically significant. While student-level variables in the final two-level model explained most of the between-university variance, there are additional student-level attributes that could help explain the remaining within-university variance. These findings have important implications for graduate program leaders—from deans, to department chairs, to instructors, to graduate student organization leaders—who want to reduce graduate student attrition. The insight that graduate students’ sense of belonging was the strongest predictor of confidence in their program completion suggests a viable strategy for increasing graduate student retention. Like

关键词： Academic writing Confidence in program completion Graduate students hierarchical linear modeling Self-determination as writers Sense of belonging

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Why do normative encounter standards change? The social evolution of recreational crowding

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JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH 2022年第3期53卷 357-376页

作者： Kuentzel, Walter F. Heberlein, Thomas A. McCollum, Daniel W. Univ Vermont Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources Burlington VT 05405 USA Univ Wisconsin Dept Community & Environm Sociol Madison WI 53706 USA Swedish Univ Agr Sci Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies Uppsala Sweden US Forest Serv USDA Rocky Mt Res Stn Washington DC 20250 USA

Why do recreational carrying capacity standards change over time? When shared evaluative standards change at a recreational destination, what are the social processes that might lead people to evaluate "how many is too many" differently over time? This study examined how 24-year changes in personal, social, and experiential characteristics of boaters at the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore were related to changes in their evaluation of encounters with other boaters. The results showed that boaters had become more tolerant of encounters over time. This normative change was associated with a changing profile of visitors with an increased percentage of older empty-nest boat owners, who were more skilled and experienced, and more committed to the Apostle Islands boating experience. These visitors were part of a developing boater community and were less worried about "crowds" and more interested in the social presence of other boaters as part of their recreational experience.

关键词： Apostle Islands National Lakeshore crowding hierarchical linear modeling normative standards visitor change

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Therapist Predictors of Treatment Costs and Outcomes in a Psychology Training Clinic: A Multi-Perspective Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation

Therapist Predictors of Treatment Costs and Outcomes in a Ps...

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作者： Kacmarek, Corinne N. American University

学位级别：Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy

Costs are a barrier to both providing and receiving mental health services. The present study evaluated the costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered in a training clinic (TC) at a private Mid-Atlantic university from the therapist, client, and summed perspectives. Although extant literature suggests that therapists differ in their treatment effectiveness, years of clinical experience has not consistently predicted treatment outcomes. We attempted to replicate findings that therapists, but not years of experience, have a statistically significant impact on self-reported distress. We also sought to extend this literature by examining effects of therapists and therapist clinical experience in a sample of predoctoral trainees in their 2nd or 3rd year of clinical training delivering CBT in a TC. Treatment costs were higher for 3rd-year, compared to 2nd-year, therapists from all perspectives. Also, treatment length interacted with therapist experience to significantly predict costs from the therapist perspective. A three-level hierarchical linear growth model revealed that approximately 10.6% of variance in outcomes was accounted for by between-therapist differences, therapist experience did not significantly predict distress reductions, and higher distress at baseline was associated with faster distress reductions. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed conclusions that therapists with two years of experience may be more cost-effective than therapists with three years of experience. However, CBT may be more cost-effective when delivered by 3rd-year therapists, relative to 2nd-year therapists, if decisionmakers are willing to pay an additional $35 to $60 for an additional one-point reduction on the OQ.

关键词： hierarchical linear modeling Cognitive-behavioral therapy Cost-effectiveness Therapist experience Training clinic

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