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23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society

作者： Myojoyama, A Yamamoto, T Hokkaido Univ Grad Sch Engn Sapporo Hokkaido Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780372115

We propose a new lossless compression method for medical images, based on a hierarchical sorting. hierarchical sorting is a technique that achieves a high compression ratio by detecting the regions where image patterns change abruptly, and by sorting pixel order by value to increase predictability. This method enables control of sorting accuracy along with size and complexity. As a result, we can reduce the sizes of the permutation tables and reuse the tables for other image regions. Comparison of this method through experiment reveals better performance for medical images generated by X-ray CT, MRI and large size CR . DR instruments. This technique applies a quad-tree division method to divide an image into blocks in order to support progressive decoding and fast preview of large images.

关键词： lossless compression medical image sorting algorithm hierarchical coding

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Analysis of computational processes of pyramidal and parallel-hierarchical processing of information

Analysis of computational processes of pyramidal and paralle...

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SPIE-IEEE-PSP WILGA on Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments

作者： Al-Maitah, Mohammed Timchenko, Leonid I. Kokriatskaia, Natalia I. Nakonechna, Svitlana Poplavskaia, Anna A. Stepaniuk, Dmytro S. Gromaszek, Konrad Rakhmetullina, Saule King Saud Univ POB 2454 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia State Univ Infrastruct & Technol Kyrylivska St 9 UA-02000 Kiev Ukraine Lublin Univ Technol Ul Nadbystrzycka 38D PL-20618 Lublin Poland East Kazakhstan State Tech Univ 69 Protozanov St Ust Kamenogorsk 070004 Kazakhstan

In this paper considers methodological approach was developed for multistage image processing. This approach is based on analysis of computational processes of pyramidal and parallel-hierarchical processing of informa... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9781510622043

ISBN: (纸本)9781510622043

关键词： parallel-hierarchical transform (network) multistage image processing pyramidal processing hierarchical coding image preparation segmentation image recognition dynamical multifunctionality optoelectronics

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A hierarchical model of binary pattern learning

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LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019年第0期65卷 52-59页

作者： Vitz, Paul C. Divine Mercy Univ Inst Psychol Sci Arlington VA 22202 USA

A model is presented of how humans learn repeating patterns made of only two qualitatively distinct elements, for example: aabbaabab. The model proposes hierarchical coding principles or axioms that code the pattern into larger groups of elements at higher levels until perfect prediction is possible. Prior to solution the learner uses the transition probabilities associated with the coded elements present at the lower levels to make predictions. A simple rationale for weighting the contribution of the lower levels allows one to predict the proportion of errors that should occur at each pattern position, that is, to predict the error profile of a pattern, without using estimated parameters. Apparently no other such model exists to describe this basic type of human learning. Results published by Restle (1967) showing the error profile of three different binary patterns were used to test the model. Each error profile was successfully predicted, with r ranging from .91 to .94. Modifications, implications, limitations and qualifications of the model are discussed.

关键词： hierarchical model hierarchical coding Sequential pattern learning Binary pattern learning Error profile

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Workload Prediction for Adaptive Power Scaling Using Deep Learning

Workload Prediction for Adaptive Power Scaling Using Deep Le...

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IEEE International Conference on IC Design & Technology (ICICDT)

作者： Tarsa, Stephen J. Kumar, Amit P. Kung, H. T. Harvard Univ Cambridge MA 02138 USA Intel Corp Microarchitectures Res Lab Santa Clara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479921539

We apply hierarchical sparse coding, a form of deep learning, to model user-driven workloads based on on-chip hardware performance counters. We then predict periods of low instruction throughput, during which frequency and voltage can be scaled to reclaim power. Using a multi-layer coding structure, our method progressively codes counter values in terms of a few prominent features learned from data, and passes them to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier where they act as signatures for predicting future workload states. We show that prediction accuracy and look-ahead range improve significantly over linear regression modeling, giving more time to adjust power management settings. Our method relies on learning and feature extraction algorithms that can discover and exploit hidden statistical invariances specific to workloads. We argue that, in addition to achieving superior prediction performance, our method is fast enough for practical use. To our knowledge, we are the first to use deep learning at the instruction level for workload prediction and on-chip power adaptation.

关键词： Workload Machine Learning Energy sources hierarchical coding Power (Psychology) power scale Counters system-on-chip Support Vector Network Feature extraction power Power

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A LOSSLESS COLOR IMAGE COMPRESSION METHOD BASED ON A NEW REVERSIBLE COLOR TRANSFORM

A LOSSLESS COLOR IMAGE COMPRESSION METHOD BASED ON A NEW REV...

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Kim, Seyun Cho, Nam Ik Seoul Natl Univ Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci INMC Seoul 151744 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781467344050

In many conventional lossless color image compression methods, the pixels or lines from each color component are interleaved, and then they are predicted and coded. Also, it has been reported that the reversible color transform (RCT) followed by a grayscale encoder gives higher coding gain than the independent compression of each channel does. In this paper, we propose a lossless color image compression method that concentrates on the efficient coding of chrominance channels with a new color transform and hierarchical coding of chrominance channel pixels. Specifically, we first transform an input image with R, G, and B color space into YCu C-v color space using the proposed RCT, which shows better decorrelation performance than the existing RCT. After the color transformation, the luminance channel Y is compressed by a conventional lossless image coder, such as JPEG-LS, CALIC, or JPEG2000 lossless. Unlike the luminance channel, the chrominance channels C-u and C-v are relatively smooth and have different statistical characteristic. Therefore, the chrominance channels are differently encoded based on a hierarchical decomposition and directional prediction. Finally, effective context modeling for prediction residuals is adopted. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the compression performance by 40% over the conventional channel independent compression methods and 5% over the existing methods that exploit the channel correlation.

关键词： lossless color image compression reversible color transform lifting hierarchical coding

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Performance evaluation of cell discarding mechanisms for hierarchical VBR MPEG-2 video traffic over ATM networks 1

Performance evaluation of cell discarding mechanisms for hie...

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1st IEEE International Conference on ATM (ICATM 98)

作者： Cuenca, P Casado, R Garrido, A Quiles, F Orozco-Barbosa, L Univ Castilla La Mancha Dept Informat Albacete 02071 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0780349822

Different performance studies have been made in the literature with cell discarding mechanism using analytical traffic models. The performance of these discarding schemes is strongly affected by the traffic model used. Hence, it is very important to study the performance of cell discarding mechanisms using real traffic statistics. In this paper, simulation experiments are conducted to study the performance of the different cell discarding mechanisms, in terms of QoS, when used in an ATM switch supporting hierarchical encoded VER MPEG-2 video traffic, from a number of independent video sources. Moreover, we explore how the temporal properties of this video traffic, and in particular the alignments between different sources affect network performance when many video traffic streams are multiplexed onto a single channel.

关键词： hierarchical coding video compressed traffic QoS and priority queueing

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Multistage quantization via conditional hierarchical mapping

Multistage quantization via conditional hierarchical mapping

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11th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems

作者： Eshet, A Feder, M Tel Aviv Univ Dept Elect Engn Syst IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (纸本)0780387155

Progressive representation can be realized via a set of quantizers, where the quantizers correspond to an increasing level of refinement. This is referred to as multistage quantization. The work presented in the paper provides an extension to embedded multistage scalar quantization. It allows progressive coding with any set of scalar quantizers, where the partitions are not necessarily embedded, using an efficient, novel multi-layer mapping scheme. It is applicable for progressive coding of raw image and video data and for progressive extension to compression schemes like JPEG and MPEG.

关键词： progressive coding hierarchical coding successive refinement multistage scalar quantization MPEG JPEG

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FGS encoder for efficiency improvement and decoder for drift reduction

FGS encoder for efficiency improvement and decoder for drift...

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Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing 2003

作者： Matsuo, K Takagi, K Koike, A Matsumoto, S KDDI R&D Labs Inc Kamifukuoka Saitama 3568502 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819450235

FGS is a video coding scheme that can control picture quality with high scalability, but it has lower efficiency than the single layer video coding scheme because of its hierarchical structure. This paper proposes application scheme of three methods for efficiency improvement to the FGS encoder and decoder. The first method is the bit plane coding method using two bit group separation based on the distribution of a significant bit. The second method is the introduction of motion compensation estimation to the enhancement layer. The third method is a complement method to make a high quality reference picture from both the base layer and the enhancement layer. In conclusion, the proposed methods can improve the coding efficiency in the enhancement layer of conventional FGS by 2.2% and the PSNR performance of conventional FGS by 1.1dB, as well as reduce propagation of the drift error caused by low rate transmission and channel congestion. The results show that the proposed method is more efficient and more suitable for video streaming on a heterogeneous network with channel deviation.

关键词： FGS hierarchical coding drifting noise scalability

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High Speed and Low Cost One-to-Many VLC Using Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals 59

High Speed and Low Cost One-to-Many VLC Using Polymer-Disper...

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59th Annual IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE ICC)

作者： Jiang, Yuehu Wu, Haonan Chen, Yi-Chao Xue, Guangtao Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Key Lab Trusted Data Circulat & Governan Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728190549

Visible light communication (VLC) is considered a solution to the scarcity of radio frequency communication resources due to its abundant spectrum resources and rapid intensity modulation capability. It has a wide range of applications in indoor positioning and intelligent transport systems. For example, in Connected and Autonomous Vehicle scenarios, VLC uses traffic lights to warn vehicles at different distances in abnormal situations, thus preventing potential traffic accidents. To facilitate fast, long-range VLC communication in such one-to-many communication scenarios, current systems typically use optical cameras or digital micro-mirror devices as receivers. However, there are several challenges associated with these devices. Optical cameras have a limited sampling rate, resulting in reduced effective throughput. Other receivers, such as digital micro-mirror devices, are relatively costly, which hinders their widespread use. In this paper, we propose a novel, low-cost, and high-speed VLC scheme. We use a low-cost material called Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal as the measurement matrix, reducing the cost by 99% compared to digital micro-mirror devices. We implement hierarchical coding based on compressive sensing to reduce data redundancy and thus improve communication throughput. Empirical experiments conducted using four photodiodes at the receiver show a 120% improvement in overall throughput compared to existing one-to-many VLC systems.

关键词： visible light communication hierarchical coding compressive sensing

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A Novel Streaming Method using QoS Control Function of LTE to Prevent Video Freezing

A Novel Streaming Method using QoS Control Function of LTE t...

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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

作者： Nagai, Yasuhiro Okamawari, Takao Fujii, Teruya SoftBank Corp Div Res & Dev Koto Ku Telecom Ctr BldgEast Tower 13F2-5-10 Aomi Tokyo 1350064 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467398145

Nowadays mobile video streaming services become very popular. However, due to the drastic bandwidth fluctuation in a mobile network, the quality of the mobile video streaming degrades significantly. Above all, mobile users are not happy when video image freezes for a few seconds/minutes. Most of current video streaming services are working as an OTT (over the top) service, which means a mobile network is regarded as a dumb pipe. Therefore it is very difficult to handle the fluctuation. We propose a novel video streaming method in which a QoS control function of a mobile network is utilized to prevent the video image from freezing. In the proposed method, an original video content is encoded into a sequence of video frames with multiple layers. There are two kinds of layers, a base layer and an enhancement layer. The base layer is small in size but includes all the necessary information to play the original content. The enhancement layer is large in size and provides better image resolution when decoded with a corresponding base layer. Then the base layer is prioritized by the QoS control function in the mobile network when it is delivered to a mobile terminal. On the other hand, the enhancement layer is delivered in a best effort manner. In this way, the mobile terminal can receive the base layer even when wireless signal is degraded and the video image dose not freeze at all. The proposed method is evaluated experimentally using a prototype system. The result of the evaluation shows that the proposed method works properly as we designed.

关键词： Video streaming QoS Control LTE hierarchical coding

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