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Adaptive coding-unit size selection based on hierarchical quad-tree correlations for high-efficiency video coding

JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2015年第2期24卷 1-15页

作者： Guo, Lilin Zhou, Lunan Tian, Xiang Chen, Yaowu Zhejiang Univ Inst Adv Digital Technol & Instrument Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

The latest high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard adopts a recursive quad-tree block structure with the coding-unit (CU) size variable depending on video content. It substantially improves the coding efficiency and also dramatically increases complexity. Therefore, a fast CU size selection algorithm based on hierarchical quad-tree correlations (HQTCs) is proposed. First, for each coding tree unit, the partition information at each depth is recorded in a table that reflects the appearance of the quad-tree structure. Then, by using two techniques called top omitting and bottom pruning, the size of the current CU can be determined according to the subtree distributions of adjacent CUs instead of traversing all the depths. Additionally, a gray level co-occurrence matrix-based method is also introduced to further speedup the searching process. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve on average a 26% computational time reduction under all configurations with a negligible BD-rate (Bjontegaard Delta bitrate) increase of 0.47% compared with the original encoding scheme in HEVC test model HM13.0. (C) 2015 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： high-efficiency video coding coding unit hierarchical quad-tree correlations top omitting bottom pruning gray level co-occurrence matrix

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Computation reduction in high-efficiency video coding based on the similarity of transform unit blocks

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2014年第6期23卷 1-10页

作者： Chen, Zong-Yi Fang, Jiunn-Tsair Chiang, Chung-Shian Chang, Pao-Chi Natl Cent Univ Dept Commun Engn Jhongli 32001 Taiwan Ming Chuan Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 33348 Taoyuan County Taiwan

The new video coding standard, high-efficiency video coding, adopts a quadtree structure to provide variable transform sizes in the transform coding process. The heuristic examination of transform unit (TU) modes substantially increases the computational complexity, compared to previous video coding standards. Thus, efficiently reducing the TU candidate modes is crucial. In the proposed similarity-check scheme, sub-TU blocks are categorized into a strongly similar case or a weakly similar case, and the early TU termination or early TU splitting procedure is performed. For the strongly similar case, a property called zero-block inheritance combined with a zero-block detection technique is applied to terminate the TU search process early. For the weakly similar case, the gradients of residuals representing the similarity of coefficients are used to skip the current TU mode or stop the TU splitting process. In particular, the computation time is further reduced because all the required information for the proposed mode decision criteria is derived before performing the transform coding. The experimental results revealed that the proposed algorithm can save similar to 64% of the TU encoding time on average in the interprediction, with a negligible rate-distortion loss. (C) 2014 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： complexity reduction fast algorithm high-efficiency video coding mode decision transform unit

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Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding with precise probability estimation and complexity scalability for high-efficiency video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2016年第1期25卷 1-16页

作者： Karwowski, Damian Domanski, Marek Poznan Univ Tech PL-60965 Poznan Poland

An improved context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is presented. The idea for the improvement is to use a more accurate mechanism for estimation of symbol probabilities in the standard CABAC algorithm. The authors' proposal of such a mechanism is based on the context-tree weighting technique. In the framework of a high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) video encoder, the improved CABAC allows 0.7% to 4.5% bitrate saving compared to the original CABAC algorithm. The application of the proposed algorithm marginally affects the complexity of HEVC video encoder, but the complexity of video decoder increases by 32% to 38%. In order to decrease the complexity of video decoding, a new tool has been proposed for the improved CABAC that enables scaling of the decoder complexity. Experiments show that this tool gives 5% to 7.5% reduction of the decoding time while still maintaining high efficiency in the data compression. (C) 2016 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： video compression advanced video coding high-efficiency video coding entropy coding context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding improved context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding

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Combined Intra-Prediction for high-efficiency video coding

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING 2011年第7期5卷 1282-1289页

作者： Gabriellini, Andrea Flynn, David Mrak, Marta Davies, Thomas British Broadcasting Corp BBC Res & Dev Dept London W12 7SB England

New activities in the video coding community are focused on the delivery of technologies that will enable economic handling of future visual formats at very high quality. The key characteristic of these new visual systems is the highly efficient compression of such content. In that context this paper presents a novel approach for intra-prediction in video coding based on the combination of spatial closed-and open-loop predictions. This new tool, called Combined Intra-Prediction (CIP), enables better prediction of frame pixels which is desirable for efficient video compression. The proposed tool addresses both the rate-distortion performance enhancement as well as low-complexity requirements that are imposed on codecs for targeted high-resolution content. The novel perspective CIP offers is that of exploiting redundancy not only between neighboring blocks but also within a coding block. While the proposed tool enables yet another way to exploit spatial redundancy within video frames, its main strength is being inexpensive and simple for implementation, which is a crucial requirement for video coding of demanding sources. As shown in this paper, the CIP can be flexibly modeled to support various coding settings, providing a gain of up to 4.5% YUV BD-rate for the video sequences in the challenging high-efficiency video coding Test Model.

关键词： high-efficiency video coding intra-prediction open-loop prediction

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high-throughput sample adaptive offset hardware architecture for high-efficiency video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2018年第2期27卷 023035-023035页

作者： Zhou, Wei Yan, Chang Zhang, Jingzhi Zhou, Xin Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Informat Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Automat Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

A high-throughput hardware architecture for a sample adaptive offset (SAO) filter in the high-efficiency video coding video coding standard is presented. First, an implementation-friendly and simplified bitrate estimation method of rate-distortion cost calculation is proposed to reduce the computational complexity in the mode decision of SAO. Then, a high-throughput VLSI architecture for SAO is presented based on the proposed bitrate estimation method. Furthermore, multiparallel VLSI architecture for in-loop filters, which integrates both deblocking filter and SAO filter, is proposed. Six parallel strategies are applied in the proposed in-loop filters architecture to improve the system throughput and filtering speed. Experimental results show that the proposed in-loop filters architecture can achieve up to 48% higher throughput in comparison with prior work. The proposed architecture can reach a high-operating clock frequency of 297 MHz with TSMC 65-nm library and meet the real-time requirement of the in-loop filters for 8 K x 4 K video format at 132 fps. (C) 2018 SPIE and /S&T

关键词： high-efficiency video coding in-loop filters deblocking filter sample adaptive offset VLSI

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Saliency-based coding tree unit-level rate control for high-efficiency video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2018年第4期27卷 043009-043009页

作者： Wei, Henglu Zhou, Wei Zhou, Xin Bai, Rui Duan, Zhemin Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Informat Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Automat Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

Visual saliency is used to guide the coding tree unit (CTU)-level bit allocation process in high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) to improve the visual quality. At first, a saliency detection algorithm is proposed. With the detected saliency map, the distortion of each CTU is weighted by the corresponding saliency, so that the distortion of the salient areas (SAs) is more critical. Then, the optimal bit allocation problem constrained by the picture-level target bits and minimum weighted distortion is built. Numerical method is used to solve the bit allocation problem. Finally, bits reallocation and the rate distortion optimization parameters clipping methods are presented to tackle the bits error accumulation problem. Experiment results show that quality gaining in SAs is up to 0.8658 dB and the gaining of saliency weighted peak signal-to-noise ratio is up to 1.0318 dB. (C) 2018 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： rate control high-efficiency video coding coding tree unit level saliency

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Fast mode selection in the high-efficiency video coding intravideo encoder based on statistics of modes

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2018年第4期27卷 043051-043051页

作者： Wegner, Krzysztof Karwowski, Damian Stankowski, Jakub Grajek, Tomasz Klimaszewski, Krzysztof Stankiewicz, Olgierd Poznan Univ Tech Chair Multimedia Telecommun & Microelect Poznan Poland

A method of fast coding mode selection for high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) intravideo coding to exclude from the testing procedure coding modes that are statistically rarely chosen by the HEVC encoder is presented. To achieve the best compromise between computational complexity and compression performance, detailed conditional statistics of modes are used in the method. The proposed method enables (1) fast partitioning of each coding tree unit into coding unit, prediction unit (PU), and transform unit blocks of a proper size and (2) faster selection of an appropriate intrapredictor for each PU block. Due to the proposed method, it is possible to significantly scale down the computational complexity of the encoder. Simulation results indicate that, in the case of 1920 x 1080 sequences, there is a threefold and twofold reduction in the encoding time, while the BD-rate increases by 4% and 1.5%, respectively, compared with HEVC test model version 16.9 of the reference software. Considering the principle of the proposed method, it is evident that it can complement other proposals concerning fast mode selection in the HEVC video encoder. (C) 2018 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： video compression high-efficiency video coding video encoder control fast mode selection in high efficiency video coding

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Fuzzy logic-based scalable video rate control algorithm for high-delay applications of scalable high-efficiency video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2018年第4期27卷 043013-043013页

作者： Raufmehr, Farhad Rezaei, Mehdi Univ Sistan & Baluchestan Fac Elect & Comp Engn Dept Commun Engn Zahedan Iran

The second version of the high-efficiency video coding standard introduced a scalable extension, which is called scalable high-efficiency video coding. It is necessary to design appropriate rate controllers for this extension based on the specific application requirements. According to delay and buffering constraints, rate control algorithms are divided into constant bit rate and variable bit rate (VBR) algorithms. Our focus is on high-delay applications like streaming and broadcast for which VBR controllers are suitable. Our proposed VBR controller utilizes a fuzzy logic-based algorithm to control long-term average bit rate while preventing buffer overflow or underflow. Targeting perceptual quality, the proposed algorithm has been implemented at the group of pictures level to minimize unnecessary fluctuations of quantization parameter and consequently minimizing video quality fluctuations. Experimental results show a high performance in terms of rate control and quality of the compressed video for the proposed algorithm. (C) 2018 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： fuzzy control high-efficiency video coding high delay GOP scalable scalable high-efficiency video coding

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Fast intracoding unit size decision algorithm for high-efficiency video coding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2014年第1期23卷 013012-013012页

作者： Xu, Dongxu Lin, Qiwei Dong, Xiaohui Huaqiao Univ Dept Informat Sci & Engn Xiamen 361021 Peoples R China

In order to reduce the computational complexity for the high-efficiency video coding standard, an algorithm is proposed. First, we create a histogram based on the distribution of gray values in each coding tree unit. By using a self-correlation function of the gray histogram, we can skip some of the depth levels that are unnecessary. Second, the relationship between the sum of absolute transformed difference (SATD) and coding unit (CU) is used to decide an early termination for the split of the current CU, if the minimum SATD of this CU is smaller than a threshold. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can save an average of 38.39% of the encoding time with negligible degradation of coding efficiency compared with the reference model HM10.1. (C) 2014 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： high-efficiency video coding intraprediction coding unit depth fast mode decision

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Fast intraprediction for high-efficiency video coding screen content coding by content analysis and dynamic thresholding

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JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING 2018年第5期27卷 053029-053029页

作者： Kuang, Wei Chan, Yui-Lam Tsang, Sik-Ho Siu, Wan-Chi Hong Kong Polytech Univ Ctr Signal Proc Dept Elect & Informat Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

A screen content coding (SCC) extension to high-efficiency video coding has been developed to improve the coding efficiency for videos with computer-generated text and graphics. It employs additional coding tools such as intrablock copy and palette modes for intraprediction. Although these modes can provide high coding efficiency for screen content videos, they cause an increase in computational complexity. This paper proposes a fast intraprediction algorithm for SCC by content analysis and dynamic thresholding. To skip unnecessary modes for a coding unit (CU), a rough CU classification is performed as a preprocessing step. Then, two early mode decision techniques are proposed by performing a fine-granular CU classification and deriving a content-dependent rule with adaptive thresholding based on the background color. To make early termination of CU partitions, another content-dependent rule with adaptive thresholding according to rate-distortion cost is derived to skip unnecessary partitions. In addition, a scene change detection method is adopted to update all content-dependent thresholds for different scenes in a sequence. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 35.95% computational complexity reduction on average with 1.20% Bjontegaard delta bitrate loss under all intraconfiguration, which outperforms all state-of-the-art algorithms in the literature. (C) 2018 SPIE and IS&T

关键词： screen content coding high-efficiency video coding intraprediction fast algorithm

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