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,,history is touchy" Die history-of-programming-languages-Konferenz, 1978

BERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE 2024年第3期47卷 262-286页

作者： Mittlmeier, Amelie Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen Lehrstuhl Wissensc Geschichte Munich Germany

Less than twenty years after computer science was able to establish itself as an academic discipline, a group of US computer scientists organized a conference on the history of programming languages. The conference is distinguished from other self-historicization projects by the organizer's claim to present an "accurate" account of their own discipline's history. However, the actors encountered challenges in terms of how to present their own history "objectively." How to deal with incomplete memories? How to avoid putting others in a bad light? There was far from agreement on these points and heated discussions ensued. Strategies had to be developed and compromises made to make the project a reality. The conference was intended to contribute to the history of computer science and the organizers sought exchange with professional historians. However, the project met with little interest among them. Rather, the discussion between the computer scientists and the historians shows how the history of science also struggled with questions of how to deal suitably with the past. In this respect, the Computer Scientists' Conference not only illuminates the history of computer science, but also offers a new perspective on the history of the history of science.

关键词： history of programming languages history of Computer Science history of Science Self-Historicization

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Maszyny Matematyczne, women, and computing: The birth of computers in the Polish communist era

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history OF SCIENCE 2023年第3期61卷 409-435页

作者： Petrocelli, Carla Univ Bari Aldo Moro Dipartimento Ric & Innovaz Umanist Piazza Umberto 1 I-70121 Bari Italy

The history of computing usually focuses on achievements in Western universities and research centers and is mostly about what happened in the United States and Great Britain. However, in Eastern Europe, particularly in war-torn Poland, where there was very little state funding, many highly original hardware and software projects were initiated. The small number of publications available to us, especially those in English, led to the belief that technological progress was the result of research carried out in Western countries alone. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by focusing on the numerous research projects initiated in Polish universities and computer industries that unfortunately turned into dead ends as the result of socialist policies. These are references that cannot be ignored, not only for a historical reconstruction of the evolution of technology but also with regard to the social effects recorded in Poland immediately after the Second World War. The communist ideology, which pursued gender equality policies after the end of the war, encouraged women to pursue education, enabling the many female students enrolled in mathematics degree courses to specialize in "Maszyny Matematyczne" (mathematical machines) and become, like men, experts in computer programming and design. As well as highlighting the role that Poland played in the nascent "computer science" and providing detailed information on what women contributed, this article will explain why the success of the Polish computer industry was limited due to the nonexistent coordination between the communist states (Comecon).

关键词： history of computer science women in computer science Polish People's Republic history of programming languages social history

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Design of Software Representation languages: A Historical Perspective 17

Design of Software Representation Languages: A Historical Pe...

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17th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE)

作者： Wasserman, Anthony, I Software Methods & Tools San Francisco CA 94131 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711800

The history of software development includes numerous textual and graphical ways to represent software structures and the mechanisms for executing high-level instructions. The proliferation of programming languages is a visible outcome of that effort, with many popular languages having a strong association with their creator(s). In this paper, we present a historically focused overview of many different types of software representations, primarily programming languages, but also graphical notations that can generate code in a programming language or be directly executed with associated tools. The paper then describes some of the characteristics that differentiate them from one another, and concludes with a review of guidelines for designing programming languages and notations.

关键词： programming languages programming language design history of programming languages software representation methods

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Reciprocal Influences Between Proof Theory and Logic programming

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Philosophy and Technology 2021年第1期34卷 75-104页

作者： Miller, Dale Inria Saclay and LIX/École Polytechnique Palaiseau France

The topics of structural proof theory and logic programming have influenced each other for more than three decades. Proof theory has contributed the notion of sequent calculus, linear logic, and higher-order quantification. Logic programming has introduced new normal forms of proofs and forced the examination of logic-based approaches to the treatment of bindings. As a result, proof theory has responded by developing an approach to proof search based on focused proof systems in which introduction rules are organized into two alternating phases of rule application. Since the logic programming community can generate many examples and many design goals (e.g., modularity of specifications and higher-order programming), the close connections with proof theory have helped to keep proof theory relevant to the general topic of computational logic. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.

关键词： Computational logic history of programming languages Logic programming Structural proof theory

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Evolution of Emacs Lisp

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON programming languages-PACMPL 2020年第HOPL期4卷 1–55页

作者： Monnier, Stefan Sperber, Michael Univ Montreal CP 6128Succ Ctr Vine Montreal PQ H3C 3J7 Canada Act Grp GmbH Hechinger Str 12-1 Tubingen Germany

While Emacs proponents largely agree that it is the world's greatest text editor, it is almost as much a Lisp machine disguised as an editor. Indeed, one of its chief appeals is that it is programmable via its own programming language. Emacs Lisp is a Lisp in the classic tradition. In this article, we present the history of this language over its more than 30 years of evolution. Its core has remained remarkably stable since its inception in 1985, in large part to preserve compatibility with the many third-party packages providing a multitude of extensions. Still, Emacs Lisp has evolved and continues to do so. Important aspects of Emacs Lisp have been shaped by concrete requirements of the editor it supports as well as implementation constraints. These requirements led to the choice of a Lisp dialect as Emacs's language in the first place, specifically its simplicity and dynamic nature: Loading additional Emacs packages or changing the ones in place occurs frequently, and having to restart the editor in order to re-compile or re-link the code would be unacceptable. Fulfilling this requirement in a more static language would have been difficult at best. One of Lisp's chief characteristics is its malleability through its uniform syntax and the use of macros. This has allowed the language to evolve much more rapidly and substantively than the evolution of its core would suggest, by letting Emacs packages provide new surface syntax alongside new functions. In particular, Emacs Lisp can be customized to look much like Common Lisp, and additional packages provide multiple-dispatch object systems, legible regular expressions, programmable pattern-matching constructs, generalized variables, and more. Still, the core has also evolved, albeit slowly. Most notably, it acquired support for lexical scoping. The timeline of Emacs Lisp development is closely tied to the projects and people who have shaped it over the years: We document Emacs Lisp history through its predecessors, M

关键词： history of programming languages Lisp Emacs Lisp

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JavaScript: The First 20 Years

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON programming languages-PACMPL 2020年第HOPL期4卷 1–189页

作者： Wirfs-Brock, Allen Eich, Brendan Wirfs Brock Associates Inc Sherwood OR 97140 USA Brave Software Inc San Francisco CA USA

How a sidekick scripting language for Java, created at Netscape in a ten-day hack, ships first as a de facto Web standard and eventually becomes the world's most widely used programming language. This paper tells the story of the creation, design, evolution, and standardization of the JavaScript language over the period of 1995-2015. But the story is not only about the technical details of the language. It is also the story of how people and organizations competed and collaborated to shape the JavaScript language which dominates the Web of 2020.

关键词： JavaScript ECMAScript Standards Web browsers Browser game theory history of programming languages

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KONRAD ZUSE AND HIS PLANKALKUL: THE HOPE TO EMERGE FROM THE SLEEP OF SLEEPING BEAUTY

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND ARTS COMPUTING-A JOURNAL OF DIGITAL HUMANITIES 2019年第1-2期13卷 249-265页

作者： Petrocelli, Carla Univ Bari Aldo Moro Hist Sci Bari Italy

Germany, 1935: the engineer Konrad Zuse (1910-1995), in the living room of his Berlin house, devotes himself to the design and construction of a binary, programmable machine, the Z1, capable of processing data in a fast and efficient way. While building his machines, he also started to devise a conceptual and notational system for writing 'programs' to execute applications much more complex than the basic arithmetic calculations. He delved deep into the study of formal logic in order to work out his "computation plan", the Plankalkul. Although the Plan Calculus didn't exercise much impact on German post-World War hardships, it displays all the traits currently recognized as standard features of modern programming languages. The aim of the present study is to highlight the general purpose and technical specifics of this language, its historical and scientific background, and the philosophical inspiration leading Konrad Zuse to employ the predicate logic in the formalization of the "computation projects" for his machines.

关键词： history of programming languages history of computer science Konrad Zuse Plankalkul

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A Nano-Pattern Language for Java

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTER languages 2019年 54卷

作者： Gil, Yossi Marcovitch, Ori Orru, Matteo Technion IIT Comp Sci Dept Taub Bldg IL-3200003 Haifa Israel

Patterns, micro-patterns, and nano-patterns have many applications: program comprehension, code transformations, documentation aids, improving code robustness, etc. This work revisits the notion of nano-patterns-originally an obiter dictum of the work on micro-patterns. Nano-patterns here are taken as more general than their previous definition in the literature: predicates on short code snippets that represent some common and elementary programming missions such as "for each m is an element of M do ...", or, "use x (but if x is null, y is a substitute)", which represent small and recurring programming idioms. With this generalization, we offer a taxonomized languageof nanos nano-patterns for Java. We also describe the process of pattern harvesting we used and the underlying rationale, including our proposed prevalence threshold criterion, which, by capitalizing on Hirsch's famous h-index, makes a robust yard-stick of the pattern's significance. An empirical survey of 78 Open Source Java projects indicates that the nano-patterns of our proposed language described here have a substantial prevalence in the code. About a third of the commands (executable statements) and half of the methods are instances of nano-patterns in the proposed language. Also, the language's prevalence is typically higher than that of languages harvested in a project specific, automated machine learning process. Nano-patterns are implementation/language level details for most high level software engineering purposes. One contribution made by the present paper is in identifying the clutter made by the snippets, appreciating its presence, and imposing order on it. The language, the nano-patterns in it, and the contributed automatic tool for tracing nano-patterns in code may help to deal systematically with this low level, yet significant, portion of code.

关键词： Software and its engineering General programming languages Social and professional topics history of programming languages Nano-patterns Java programming languages Code reuse Cliches Idioms

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When Switches Became Programs: programming languages and Telecommunications, 1965-1980

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IEEE ANNALS OF THE history OF COMPUTING 2014年第4期36卷 38-50页

作者： Paulsen, Gard Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Hist Studies N-7034 Trondheim Norway

Beginning in the mid-1960s, electromechanical telecommunications switches were increasingly replaced by computer-controlled switches. Production and development of this equipment relied on the construction of its software. This software was shaped by practices, ideas, and ideals appropriated from the computer industry and computer science as much as by concerns and constraints within the telecommunications industry.

关键词： Chill Computer languages Electrochemical devices Europe history history of computing history of programming languages International Telecommunication Union programming programming of telecommunications equipment Software engineering standardization telecommunications switches

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Not only a translator of formulas: The FORTRAN and its 60 years

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Mondo Digitale 2014年第52期13卷

作者： Petrocelli, C. Carla Petrocelli docente di Storia e Fondamenti di informatica presso Universitagravedegli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Italy

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