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Crowdsourcing human-based computation for medical image analysis: A systematic literature review

HEALTH INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2020年第4期26卷 2446-2469页

作者： Petrovic, Natasa Moya-Alcover, Gabriel Varona, Javier Jaume-i-Capo, Antoni Univ Belgrade Belgrade Serbia Univ Illes Balears Palma De Mallorca Spain

Computer-assisted algorithms for the analysis of medical images require human interactions to achieve satisfying results. human-based computation and crowdsourcing offer a solution to this problem. We performed a systematic literature review of studies on crowdsourcing human-based computation for medical image analysis based on the guidelines proposed by Kitchenham and Charters. We identified 43 studies relevant to the objective of this research. We determined three primary purposes and problems that crowdsourcing human-based computation systems can solve. We found that the users provided five information types. We compared systems that use pre-, post-evaluation and quality control methods to select and filter the user inputs. We analyzed the metrics used for the evaluation of the crowdsourcing human-based computation system performance. Finally, we identified the most popular crowdsourcing human-based computation platforms with their advantages and *** human-based computation systems can successfully solve medical image analysis problems. However, the application of crowdsourcing human-based computation systems in this research area is still limited and more studies should be conducted to obtain generalizable results. We provided guidelines to practitioners and researchers based on the results obtained in this research.

关键词： crowdsourcing human-based computation medical image analysis

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Evaluation of a Multi-agent "human-in-the-loop" Game Design System

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERACTIVE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2022年第3期12卷 1–26页

作者： Kruse, Jan Connor, Andy M. Marks, Stefan Mediadesign Univ Appl Sci Franklinstr 28-29 D-10587 Berlin Germany Auckland Univ Technol AUT Private Bag 92006 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Designing games is a complicated and time-consuming process, where developing new levels for existing games can take weeks. Procedural content generation offers the potential to shorten this timeframe, however, automated design tools are not adopted widely in the game industry. This article presents an expert evaluation of a human-in-the-loop generative design approach for commercial game maps that incorporates multiple computational agents. The evaluation aims to gauge the extent to which such an approach could support and be accepted by human game designers and to determine whether the computational agents improve the overall design. To evaluate the approach, 11 game designers utilized the approach to design game levels with the computational agents both active and inactive. Eye-tracking, observational, and think-aloud data was collected to determine whether designers favored levels suggested by the computational agents. This data was triangulated with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews that were used to gather overall opinions of the approach. The eye-tracking data indicates that the participating game level designers showed a clear preference for levels suggested by the computational agents, however, expert designers in particular appeared to reject the idea that the computational agents are helpful. The perception of computational tools not being useful needs to be addressed if procedural content generation approaches are to fulfill their potential for the game industry.

关键词： human-based computation autonomous agents evolutionary computation multi-agent systems procedural content generation user evaluation

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Authoring Inner Loops of Intelligent Tutoring Systems Using Collective Intelligence 23rd

Authoring Inner Loops of Intelligent Tutoring Systems Using ...

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23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Tenorio, Thyago Isotani, Seiji Bittencourt, Ig Ibert Univ Sao Paulo Inst Math & Comp Sci 400 Trabalhador Sao Carlense Ave Sao Carlos Brazil Univ Fed Alagoas Comp Sci Inst S-N Lourival Melo Mota Ave Maceio Alagoas Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783031116476;9783031116469

The inner loops on the Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) are responsible for analyzing step-by-step resolutions and providing the necessary support to students successfully complete a task. Building adequate inner loops that address students' struggles requires a considerable amount of time and several interactions with experts of the domain knowledge which increases the costs and the complexity to develop ITS. To address this problem, we proposed a novel approach to build inner loops using students' collective intelligence (CI), which every interaction of a student to solve an exercise contributes to the process of authoring the ITS domain model. To evaluate our approach, we developed an ITS in a domain of numerical expressions that was used by 147 students. As a result, we observed that our approach helps to create an ITS with comprehensive and adequate inner loops using less time when compared to the time reported in the literature and with little intervention from experts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first domain-independent approach that uses CI in the process of authoring inner loops of ITS.

关键词： Authoring ITS human-based computation Domain model

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Macrophage plus : A game with a purpose for applying human intelligence in control mechanisms

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SCIENTIA IRANICA 2020年第6期27卷 2985-3004页

作者： Tarihi, A. Haghighi, H. Aliee, F. Shams Setarenejad, A. Shahid Beheshti Univ GC Dept Comp Sci & Engn Tehran Iran

Originally, control mechanisms were proposed to replace the need for human intervention in operational environments and, thus, enhance the precision and reaction time. Nowadays, new requirements in computer systems such as adaptation have made the design of control mechanisms more challenging. The observer/controller pattern is one of the control mechanisms proposed to control many interacting independent elements with intelligent decisions. An important challenge of designing these mechanisms is that the knowledge needed for decision-making is provided by experts;therefore, the process becomes time consuming and costly, depending on the availability of experts and their costs. This study hypothesizes that employing a game With A Purpose can help improve the process of providing knowledge in such control mechanisms by using crowd-sourcing and involving non-expert humans in an enjoyable manner. This hypothesis was investigated by Macrophage+, a game with a purpose implemented for this goal. A number of experiments were conducted to evaluate Macrophage+, focusing on both its applicability and effectiveness in the context of the observer/controller pattern as well as its enjoyability for the players. The results show that Macrophage+ is a successful game with a purpose that involves non-expert humans in the application of the observer/controller pattern. (C) 2020 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.

关键词： Control mechanisms Observer/controller pattern human-based computation Game with a purpose Crowdsourcing Interactive game

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Cultural Heritage Design Element Labeling System With Gamification

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 127700-127708页

作者： Lee, Jieun Yi, Ji Hyun Kim, Seungjun Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol GIST Sch Integrated Technol Gwangju 61005 South Korea

Cultural heritage (CH) artifacts, such as ceramics and clothes, reflect the unique characteristics of ancient cultures and have the potential to be sustainably employed in modern design and entertainment. In particular, the shape of ceramics reflects regional and historical characteristics, so datafication is a promising avenue to preserve these assets for future generations. However, design is a specialized domain that requires significant human (expert and novice) labor. This often tedious process decreases the labeler's motivation to complete the task, and data consistency varies with the experience and motivation of the labeler. To increase engagement, we developed an image labeling platform with graphical icon-based labeling methods and introduced gamification. The robust labeling methods with gamification increased novices' engagement and decreased the workload of expert and novice labelers, but decreased data agreement between experts and novices, so we consider opportunities for gamification within the specialized cultural heritage domain.

关键词： Cultural heritage artifact design element gamification human-based computation image labelling platform workload

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Rings: A Game with a Purpose for Test Data Generation

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INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 2018年第1期30卷 1-30页

作者： Amiri-Chimeh, Saeed Haghighi, Hassan Vahidi-Asl, Mojtaba Setayesh-Ghajar, Kamyar Gholami-Ghavamabad, Farshad Shahid Beheshti Univ Fac Comp Sci & Engn Tehran *** Iran

In human-based computation, the machine outsources certain steps of an algorithm to humans to optimize computation by making an equilibrium of human and machine computation advantages. Software testing is an important part of the software development life cycle that aims to reveal failures in software. One of the most important activities in the software testing is test data generation. Although many automatic methods have been introduced to generate effective test data, humans are still extensively used in the software industry, due to the challenges of the proposed automatic methods. Assuming that software companies still need the help of humans, in this research, we hypothesize that a game with a purpose can be utilized to improve the process of human-based test data generation by making test data generation more cost-effective and fun. To investigate this hypothesis, we implemented a game with a purpose, Rings, to improve the process of human-based test data generation for program units. We also performed an experiment to evaluate this idea as entertainment as well as a mean for test data generation. The results show that by crowd-sourcing test data generation of program units to typical players of a game, we can make test data generation more cost-effective and fun. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Software testing is an important part of the software development life cycle. Despite automatic methods for software testing, humans are still being extensively used due to the shortcomings of automatic methods. In human-based computation, certain steps of a process are outsourced to humans. Providing cheap numerous workforces. Solving problems that human can solve better than computers. Rings is game with a purpose that tries to use human-based computation technique in field of software test data generation. Professional testers are expensive, scarce and not motivated. Players are cheap, numerous and motivated. Rings introduces a mapping form original test data generation proble

关键词： human-based computation game with a purpose interactive games software testing test data generation

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An agent system for advertisement inclusion using human-based computation

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF human-COMPUTER STUDIES 2011年第11期69卷 679-692页

作者： Aznar, F. Pujol, M. Rizo, R. Univ Alicante Dept Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence E-03080 Alicante Spain

In this paper, we will present a system based on intelligent agents, which uses human-based computation (HBC) for advertisement adjustment in images. This system will learn from human interaction to obtain a salience map of the most important parts of an image and will use this information to fit a fixed-sized advertisement in the least important part of the image. Although this approximation has been developed to be used in many different applications, its advantages are more evident when used to add advertisements to real time channels, such as websites or video streaming. In this way, media rich applications (principally online) are the most appropriate for this process. Several studies have demonstrated that badly placed advertisements are frequently ignored by users (and may even provoke irritation) and thus do not serve their purpose. In this way, correct advertisement placement is fundamental to maximize an advertisement's effectiveness. As we will see, our agent system is more robust than previous approximations because it is less influenced by specific image features and takes into account the most important parts of an image from the human point of view. In addition, we will compare our approximation with a classical biological model for visual saliency. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Saliency map human-based computation Advertisement fitting

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human-assisted computation for Auto-Grading 18

Human-assisted Computation for Auto-Grading

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18th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW)

作者： Ling, Lin Tan, Chee Wei City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538692882

In this paper, we present a novel auto-grading framework that can automatically grade student assignments without prior knowledge of the answers. The idea is crowd-sourcing or human-assisted computation that extract knowledge from a large number of people to make predictions using hypothesis testing and Bayesian analysis. We also explore the possibilities of combining this framework with an educational chatbot software interface (e.g., the Facebook Messenger chatbot platform), in order to utilize the built-in image annotation feature that facilitates the assignment submission process in large classes.

关键词： human-based computation crowd-sourcing statistical learning Bayesian analysis computer aided instruction learning management systems

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Analysis of Blood Cell Morphology in touch-based devices using a CAPTCHA 16

Analysis of Blood Cell Morphology in touch-based devices usi...

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17th edition of the International Conference promoted by the Spanish human Computer Interaction Association

作者： Jaume-i-Capo, Antoni Mena-Barco, Carlos Moya-Alcover, Biel Univ Illes Balears Dept Matemat & Informat UGiVIA Edifici Anselm Turmeda Palma De Mallorca 07122 Spain

In this paper, we present an experimental system for controlling human access to information systems. Also, the system allows analyzing the morphology of red blood cells of microscope images of patients with sicklemia.

ISBN: (纸本)9781450341196

关键词： human-based computation CAPTCHA Tactile Devices Image Analysis

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A collaborative, ontological and information visualization model approach in a centralized rock art heritage platform

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JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS 2016年 10卷 837-846页

作者： Haubt, Robert A. Tacon, Paul S. C. Griffith Univ Sch Humanities Languages & Social Sci PERAHU Gold Coast Campus Nathan Qld 4222 Australia

The Rock-Art Database is a rock art heritage project based in the Place, Evolution and Rock Art Heritage Unit (PERAHU), School of humanities, Languages and Social Science, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia that began in 2012. The project aims to bring members of the global rock art community together in one centralized online platform to share and discuss rock art information in order to make rock art data more accessible and more visible. The platform offers a tool to a wide range of users to collect, manage and disseminate rock art data through specialized functionalities in digital formats that explore new ways to look at rock art through a collaborative, ontological and information visualization approach. The Rock-Art Database was first released in 2014 and can be accessed on the Web at http://***. This paper presents results of the deployed Rock-Art Database model and discusses its potential for future rock art data explorations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rock-art Collaboration Heritage management Ontology Multimedia Information visualization human-based computation

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