Indium hydroxide (In(OH)(3)) nanoparticles were prepared with a size of similar to 25-45 nm using the homogeneous precipitation method, and a humidity sensor was developed based on this material. The crystal phase and...
详细信息
Indium hydroxide (In(OH)(3)) nanoparticles were prepared with a size of similar to 25-45 nm using the homogeneous precipitation method, and a humidity sensor was developed based on this material. The crystal phase and elements of In(OH)(3) were characterized and analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology and specific surface area were determined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) measurements. Additionally, humidity sensing tests were conducted on In(OH)(3). Owing to the unique porous structure of In(OH)(3), the fabricated In(OH)(3) humidity sensor exhibited excellent humidity sensitivity characteristics, with a wide humidity detection range (11-95%), comparatively excellent response/recovery time (14 s/204 s), high response (430.6), good stability, and high resolution with a minimum detection limit of 1% relative humidity. The humidity response of the In(OH)(3) humidity sensor was tested at different temperatures, indicating its potential for use in diverse environments such as cold storage and bathrooms. Notably, the low manufacturing cost of this sensor further enhances its appeal for widespread applications. This work provides a promising humidity sensing material for the manufacture of high-performance humidity sensors.
Water ingress in composite structures is a potentially costly problem, and its detection before related damage begins to appear is of utmost importance. Carbon black fillers (CB) and epoxy matrices can be used to prod...
详细信息
Water ingress in composite structures is a potentially costly problem, and its detection before related damage begins to appear is of utmost importance. Carbon black fillers (CB) and epoxy matrices can be used to produce water-sensitive nanocomposites that can be integrated into composites during production. Nevertheless, the effects of water uptake on the electrical properties of CB-epoxy nanocomposites have scarcely been reported. Therefore, this paper successfully provides a better understanding of the resistance-water uptake response of such a material. Bulk specimens were manufactured and then characterized by bulk resistivity measurements and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) to determine the electrical percolation threshold (EPT). The former technique yielded an EPT at 1.71 +/- 0.08 wt %CB, which is in good agreement with the EPT range (1.82-1.90 wt %CB) assessed by BDS at 1 Hz (equivalent to DC conditions). Among the Fickian, Langmuir, and relaxation-based model (PEK), the latter best describes the water diffusion kinetics for three immersed specimens with a filler loading near (1.30 and 2.00 wt %CB) and beyond (3.00 wt %CB) the EPT. Both the resistance and absolute impedance (<10 kHz) show a quasi-linear increase induced by water uptake. The change in relative resistance as a function of the water uptake revealed a pseudo-nonlinear piezoresistive behavior. This behavior was particularly significant once the water uptake in near-EPT specimens exceeded a certain threshold, related to a saturation of at least 60%. Above this threshold, the near-EPT specimens showed a strong sensitivity to water uptake, estimated between 5.57 and 116 M Omega/%(water). Thus, the near-EPT CB-epoxy nanocomposites were demonstrated to have great potential to detect the ingress of water into the composite structures.
For the first time, a rutile phased tin oxide (SnO2) nanosheet was assembled onto a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod array to form SnO2 nanosheet/ZnO nanorod array heterostructure films (TSZR) using a two-step solution immers...
详细信息
For the first time, a rutile phased tin oxide (SnO2) nanosheet was assembled onto a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod array to form SnO2 nanosheet/ZnO nanorod array heterostructure films (TSZR) using a two-step solution immersion method. This study offers a facile and effective path to grow a SnO2 nanosheet assembled layer on ZnO nanorod arrays with a varied density using a tin (II) chloride dihydrate precursor to achieve an optimum humidity sensing response through the SnO2 growth time from 1 to 5 h. The structural characteristics, electrical properties, and humidity sensing response of the heterostructure films were investigated using various characterization techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, a two-probe current-voltage measurement, and a humidity sensing response measurement system. The synthesized ZnO nanorods have an average diameter of 90 nm, while the grown SnO2 nanosheets have an average width of 20 nm. The humidity response performance of the films demonstrates a remarkable dependence on the SnO2 nanosheet assembled layer on the ZnO nanorod array film with the best humidity sensitivity of 754.4 at room temperature obtained for the 2 h-grown SnO2 nanosheet-based 2TSZR heterostructure sample. The 2TSZR sample also exhibited good stability over a four-cycle measurement and magnified current value of the humidity sensing response at a high operating temperature up to 60 degrees C. These investigations reveal that the TSZR heterostructure films are promising for humidity sensing devices with high sensitivity.
Grains are the primary source of daily sustenance for most people. Grain hoarding is among the most crucial elements of our economy and way of life. In India, a sizable group of workers oversee assuring the safety and...
详细信息
Although many humidity sensing materials have satisfactory properties based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducer, their synthesis processes are complex. Herein, we report an effective and facile method to m...
详细信息
Although many humidity sensing materials have satisfactory properties based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) transducer, their synthesis processes are complex. Herein, we report an effective and facile method to modify porous polypropylene microfiltration membrane (PPMM) evenly via the deposition of N-rich functional polymer (PDA-PEI), which was easily synthesized by crosslinking polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The PDA-PEI modified PPMM well retained the pore structure and was first employed to detect relative humidity based on QCM featured with rapid response, satisfactory repeatability and stability. Compared with PDA modified PPMM, the humidity sensing performance of PDA-PEI modified PPMM is improved considerably. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism study based on Gaussian 09 software reveals that the interaction between PDA-PEI and water molecules belongs to weak chemical adsorption. Such a comprehensive research foresees the potential application of PDA-PEI modified PPMM for fast detection of humidity indoor and outdoor.
暂无评论