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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Zeyu Liu George N. Rouskas Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309202

RWA is a fundamental problem in the design and control of optical networks. We introduce the concept of symmetric RWA solutions and present a new ILP formulation to construct optimally such solutions. The formulation scales to mesh topologies representative of backbone and regional networks. Numerical results demonstrate that the new formulation achieves a decrease of up to two orders of magnitude in running time compared to existing formulations. In particular, optimal solutions for topologies up to 20 nodes can be obtained within minutes using commodity CPUs, and larger networks can be solved in reasonable time. Our approach significantly lowers the barrier to entry in fully exploring the solution space of optical network design and in investigating the sensitivity of design decisions to forecast demands via extensive "what-if" analysis. Such analysis cannot be carried out currently without large investments in computational resources and time.

关键词： Fiber optic networks Solution space inductive logic programming Network design Runtime Medical Subject Headings Mesh OFF LINE Spine

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Multiple Aspect Summarization Using Integer Linear programming 12

Multiple Aspect Summarization Using Integer Linear Programmi...

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Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

作者： Kristian Woodsend Mirella Lapata Institute for Language Cognition and Computation School of Informatics University of Edinburgh 10 Crichton Street Edinburgh EH8 9AB

ISBN: (纸本)9781622765034

Multi-document summarization involves many aspects of content selection and surface realization. The summaries must be informative, succinct, grammatical, and obey stylistic writing conventions. We present a method where such individual aspects are learned separately from data (without any hand-engineering) but optimized jointly using an integer linear programme. The ILP framework allows us to combine the decisions of the expert learners and to select and rewrite source content through a mixture of objective setting, soft and hard constraints. Experimental results on the TAC-08 data set show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance using ROUGE and significantly improves the informativeness of the summaries.

关键词： Integer linear programming aspect inductive logic programming

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Transmission Scheduling Based on a New Conflict Graph Model for Multicast in Multihop Wireless Networks

Transmission Scheduling Based on a New Conflict Graph Model ...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： Maggie Cheng Quanmin Ye Department of Computer Science Missouri University of Science and Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309202

In multicast applications, the end-to-end delay from the source to a group member is determined by the multicast tree topology and the waiting time at each relay node. This paper addresses when the multicast tree is given how to schedule wireless nodes for transmission so that network delay is minimized. We first model the conflict relation among wireless transmissions in a conflict graph, and then we compute a transmission schedule based on an Integer Linear programming (ILP) model. Since solving ILP problem is NP-hard, a heuristic is designed to solve the ILP problem. The resulting schedule is conflict-free, which is guaranteed by the feasibility of the ILP model. Simulation results show significant reduction of delay when compared with a First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling policy.

关键词： Multicast inductive logic programming WIRELESS TRANSMISSION wireless multi-hop networks Conflict (Psychology) network delay Tree Topology Trunk Node Graphical models Waiting time Spread spectrum communication

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Dynamic Grooming and RWA in Translucent Optical Networks Using a Time-Slotted ILP

Dynamic Grooming and RWA in Translucent Optical Networks Usi...

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IEEE Global Communications Conference

作者： X. Wang M. Brandt-Pearce S. Subramaniam Charles L. Brown Dept. of Elect and Comp. Engineering University of Virginia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering George Washington University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467309202

Translucent fiber-optic networks are carefully planned to achieve high capacity utilization efficiency as required by society's ever-increasing traffic demand. Existing research treats the problem of resource placement largely as a static design problem, which is solved with linear programming (LP) to find the optimal solution. The dynamic operational problem (grooming, regeneration, routing, and wavelength assignment) is approached using heuristic methods with the goal of improving the overall network performance given an existing network infrastructure. Our work combines these two approaches and solves a real-time dynamic traffic scenario with integer linear programming (ILP), seeking to maximize the overall network throughput. The traffic is served in a time-slotted fashion so that the network throughput is optimized at each time slot given the existing network state. The solution is compared with results from existing heuristic methods. We incorporate physical impairment limitations into our network model, and consider several grooming options.

关键词： Fiber optic networks Network throughput grooming heuristic methods inductive logic programming Travel demand wavelength assignment design problems network model

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Handling Change in Normative Specifications 12

Handling Change in Normative Specifications

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International Workshop on Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies

作者： Duangtida Athakravi Domenico Corapi Alessandra Russo Marina De Vos Julian Padget Ken Satoh Department of Computing Imperial College London Department of Computing University of Bath Principles of Informatics Research Division National Institute of Informatics

ISBN: (纸本)9783642378898

Normative frameworks provide a means to address the governance of open systems, offering a mechanism to express responsibilities and permissions of the individual participants with respect to the entire system without compromising their autonomy. In order to meet requirements careful design is crucial. Tools that support the design process can be of great benefit. In this paper, we describe and illustrate a methodology for elaborating normative specifications. We utilise use-cases to capture desirable and undesirable system behaviours, employ inductive logic programming to construct elaborations, in terms of revisions and extensions, of an existing (partial) normative specification and provide justifications as to why certain changes are better than others. The latter can be seen as a form of impact analysis of the possible elaborations, in terms of critical consequences that would be preserved or rejected by the changes. The main contributions of this paper is a (semi) automated process for controlling the elaboration of normative specifications and a demonstration of its effectiveness through a proof-of-concept case study.

关键词： Specifications inductive logic programming design process impact assessment accuracy class open systems Case studies Responsibility Autonomy revision AUTOMATIC PROCESSING system behavior Process control paper

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Normative design using inductive learning

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2011年第4-5期11卷 783-799页

作者： Corapi, Domenico Russo, Alessandra De Vos, Marina Padget, Julian Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Comp London SW7 2AZ England Univ Bath Dept Comp Bath BA2 7AY Avon England

In this paper we propose a use-case-driven iterative design methodology for normative frameworks, also called virtual institutions, which are used to govern open systems. Our computational model represents the normative framework as a logic program under answer set semantics (ASP). By means of an inductive logic programming approach, implemented using ASP, it is possible to synthesise new rules and revise the existing ones. The learning mechanism is guided by the designer who describes the desired properties of the framework through use cases, comprising (i) event traces that capture possible scenarios, and (ii) a state that describes the desired outcome. The learning process then proposes additional rules, or changes to current rules, to satisfy the constraints expressed in the use cases. Thus, the contribution of this paper is a process for the elaboration and revision of a normative framework by means of a semi-automatic and iterative process driven from specifications of (un)desirable behaviour. The process integrates a novel and general methodology for theory revision based on ASP.

关键词： normative frameworks inductive logic programming theory revision

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Parameter Screening and Optimisation for ILP using Designed Experiments

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JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH 2011年第2期12卷 627-662页

作者： Srinivasan, Ashwin Ramakrishnan, Ganesh S Asian Univ Sch Math Sci New Delhi 110067 India S Asian Univ ICT New Delhi 110067 India Indian Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bombay 400076 Maharashtra India Univ New S Wales Sch CSE Sydney NSW Australia

Reports of experiments conducted with an inductive logic programming system rarely describe how specific values of parameters of the system are arrived at when constructing models. Usually, no attempt is made to identify sensitive parameters, and those that are used are often given "factory-supplied" default values, or values obtained from some non-systematic exploratory analysis. The immediate consequence of this is, of course, that it is not clear if better models could have been obtained if some form of parameter selection and optimisation had been performed. Questions follow inevitably on the experiments themselves: specifically, are all algorithms being treated fairly, and is the exploratory phase sufficiently well-defined to allow the experiments to be replicated? In this paper, we investigate the use of parameter selection and optimisation techniques grouped under the study of experimental design. Screening and response surface methods determine, in turn, sensitive parameters and good values for these parameters. Screening is done here by constructing a stepwise regression model relating the utility of an ILP system's hypothesis to its input parameters, using systematic combinations of values of input parameters (technically speaking, we use a two-level fractional factorial design of the input parameters). The parameters used by the regression model are taken to be the sensitive parameters for the system for that application. We then seek an assignment of values to these sensitive parameters that maximise the utility of the ILP model. This is done using the technique of constructing a local "response surface". The parameters are then changed following the path of steepest ascent until a locally optimal value is reached. This combined use of parameter selection and response surface-driven optimisation has a long history of application in industrial engineering, and its role in ILP is demonstrated using well-known benchmarks. The results suggest that computatio

关键词： inductive logic programming parameter screening and optimisation experimental design

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Learning grammar rules of building parts from precise models and noisy observations

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ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING 2011年第2期66卷 166-176页

作者： Dehbi, Y. Pluemer, L. Univ Bonn Inst Geodesy & Geoinformat D-5300 Bonn Germany

The automatic interpretation of dense three-dimensional (3D) point clouds is still an open research problem. The quality and usability of the derived models depend to a large degree on the availability of highly structured models which represent semantics explicitly and provide a priori knowledge to the interpretation process. The usage of formal grammars for modelling man-made objects has gained increasing interest in the last few years. In order to cope with the variety and complexity of buildings, a large number of fairly sophisticated grammar rules are needed. As yet, such rules mostly have to be designed by human experts. This article describes a novel approach to machine learning of attribute grammar rules based on the inductive logic programming paradigm. Apart from syntactic differences, logic programs and attribute grammars are basically the same language. Attribute grammars extend context-free grammars by attributes and semantic rules and provide a much larger expressive power. Our approach to derive attribute grammars is able to deal with two kinds of input data. On the one hand, we show how attribute grammars can be derived from precise descriptions in the form of examples provided by a human user as the teacher. On the other hand, we present the acquisition of models from noisy observations such as 3D point clouds. This includes the learning of geometric and topological constraints by taking measurement errors into account. The feasibility of our approach is proven exemplarily by stairs, and a generic framework for learning other building parts is discussed. Stairs aggregate an arbitrary number of steps in a manner which is specified by topological and geometric constraints and can be modelled in a recursive way. Due to this recursion, they pose a special challenge to machine learning. In order to learn the concept of stairs, only a small number of examples were required. Our approach represents and addresses the quality of the given observations and th

关键词： inductive logic programming Attribute grammar 3D model Uncertain projective geometry Probability distributions

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EMBODIED CONCEPT DISCOVERY THROUGH QUALITATIVE ACTION MODELS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNCERTAINTY FUZZINESS AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 2011年第3期19卷 453-475页

作者： Kosmerlj, Aljaz Bratko, Ivan Zabkar, Jure Univ Ljubljana Artificial Intelligence Lab Fac Comp & Informat Sci SI-1001 Ljubljana Slovenia

We present a novel approach to embodied learning of qualitative models. We introduce, algorithm STRUDEL that enables an autonomous robot to discover new concepts by performing experiments in its environment. The robot collects data about its actions and its observations of the environment. Prom the obtained data, the robot lean is qualitative descriptive models of the effects that its actions have in the environment. Models are learned using inductive logic programming. We describe two experiments with a humanoid robot Nao in which Nao learns descriptive qualitative models which contain what can be interpreted as simple definitions of the concepts of movability and stability.

关键词： Cognitive robotics inductive logic programming predicate invention qualitative modeling symbolic modeling

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2D-Qsar for 450 types of amino acid induction peptides with a novel substructure pair descriptor having wider scope

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JOURNAL OF CHEMINFORMATICS 2011年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Osoda, Tsutomu Miyano, Satoru Univ Tokyo Dept Informat Sci & Technol Minato Ku Tokyo Japan

Background: Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) analysis of peptides is helpful for designing various types of drugs such as kinase inhibitor or antigen. Capturing various properties of peptides is essential for analyzing two-dimensional QSAR. A descriptor of peptides is an important element for capturing properties. The atom pair holographic (APH) code is designed for the description of peptides and it represents peptides as the combination of thirty-six types of key atoms and their intermediate binding between two key atoms. Results: The substructure pair descriptor (SPAD) represents peptides as the combination of forty-nine types of key substructures and the sequence of amino acid residues between two substructures. The size of the key substructures is larger and the length of the sequence is longer than traditional descriptors. Similarity searches on C5a inhibitor data set and kinase inhibitor data set showed that order of inhibitors become three times higher by representing peptides with SPAD, respectively. Comparing scope of each descriptor shows that SPAD captures different properties from APH. Conclusion: QSAR/QSPR for peptides is helpful for designing various types of drugs such as kinase inhibitor and antigen. SPAD is a novel and powerful descriptor for various types of peptides. Accuracy of QSAR/QSPR becomes higher by describing peptides with SPAD.

关键词： Peptide Amino Acid Residue Active Peptide inductive logic programming Base Substructure

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