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Three-dimensional localization: From image-guided surgery to information-guided therapy

methods 2001年第2期25卷 186-200页

作者： Bucholz, RD Smith, KR Laycock, KA McDurmont, LL St Louis Univ Sch Med Bakewell Sect Image Guided Surg St Louis MO 63104 USA Medtronic Inc Surg Navigat Technol Louisville CO USA

image-guided surgery has become the standard of care for intracranial procedures. However, significant development is required before the benefits of this technology are brought to the majority of patients undergoing surgery. This article categorizes the areas wherein progress is needed, and indicates recent advances that may form the basis for the broad acceptance of this exciting technology. Emphasis is placed on a technique whereby preoperative imaging can be updated using low-resolution intraoperative imaging to reflect changes in anatomy caused by surgery, and on transforming image-guided surgery to information-guided therapy, in which diverse sources can be brought to bear at the time of greatest possible benefit, when the patient's anatomy is exposed for therapeutic intervention. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science.

关键词： Brain/pathology Diagnostic Imaging Endoscopy/methods General Surgery/methods Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods Microscopy/methods Radiosurgery/methods Software Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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Decreased auditory GABA plus concentrations in presbycusis demonstrated by edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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NEUROimage 2015年 106卷 311-316页

作者： Gao, Fei Wang, Guangbin Ma, Wen Ren, Fuxin Li, Muwei Dong, Yuling Liu, Cheng Liu, Bo Bai, Xue Zhao, Bin Edden, Richard A. E. Shandong Univ Shandong Med Imaging Res Inst Jinan 250100 Peoples R China Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Med Russell H Morgan Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci Baltimore MD USA Kennedy Krieger Inst FM Kirby Ctr Funct Brain Imaging Baltimore MD USA Shandong Univ Cent Hosp Jinan City Jinan 250100 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central auditory system. Altered GABAergic neurotransmission has been found in both the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex in animal models of presbycusis. Edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), using the MEGA-PRESS sequence, is the most widely used technique for detecting GABA in the human brain. However, to date there has been a paucity of studies exploring changes to the GABA concentrations in the auditory region of patients with presbycusis. In this study, sixteen patients with presbycusis (5 males/11 females, mean age 63.1 +/- 2.6 years) and twenty healthy controls (6 males/14 females, mean age 62.5 +/- 2.3 years) underwent audiological and MRS examinations. Pure tone audiometry from 0.125 to 8 kHz and tympanometry were used to assess the hearing abilities of all subjects. The pure tone average (PTA;the average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) was calculated. The MEGA-PRESS sequence was used to measureGABA+ concentrations in 4 x 3 x 3 cm(3) volumes centered on the left and right Heschl's gyri. GABA+ concentrations were significantly lower in the presbycusis group compared to the control group (left auditory regions: p=0.002, right auditory regions: p=0.008). Significant negative correlations were observed between PTA and GABA+ concentrations in the presbycusis group (r=-0.57, p=0.02), while a similar trend was found in the control group (r=-0.40, p=0.08). These results are consistent with a hypothesis of dysfunctional GABAergic neurotransmission in the central auditory system in presbycusis and suggest a potential treatment target for presbycusis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic Stimulation Aged Auditory Cortex/metabolism Auditory Cortex/physiopathology Auditory Perception/physiology Female gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism Hearing Tests Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods Male Middle Aged Presbycusis/metabolism Presbycusis/physiopathology

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Quantitative computerized Two-Point Correlation Analysis of Lung CT Scans Correlates With Pulmonary Function in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

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CHEST 2012年第6期142卷 1589-1597页

作者： Erdal, Barbaros Selnur Crouser, Elliott D. Yildiz, Vedat King, Mark A. Patterson, Andrew T. Knopp, Michael V. Clymer, Bradley D. Ohio State Univ Med Ctr Dorothy M Davis Heart & Lung Res Inst Div Pulm Allerg Crit Care & Sleep MedColl Med Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Coll Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Off Hlth Sci Ctr Biostat Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Coll Med Dept Radiol Columbus OH 43210 USA

Background: Chest CT scans are commonly used to clinically assess disease severity in patients presenting with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Despite their ability to reliably detect subtle changes in lung disease, the utility of chest CT scans for guiding therapy is limited by the fact that image interpretation by radiologists is qualitative and highly variable. We sought to create a computerized CT image analysis tool that would provide quantitative and clinically relevant information. methods: We established that a two-point correlation analysis approach reduced the background signal attendant to normal lung structures, such as blood vessels, airways, and lymphatics while highlighting diseased tissue. This approach was applied to multiple lung fields to generate an overall lung texture score (LTS) representing the quantity of diseased lung parenchyma. Using deidentified lung CT scan and pulmonary function test (PVT) data from The Ohio State University Medical Center's Information Warehouse, we analyzed 71 consecutive CT scans from patients with sarcoidosis for whom simultaneous matching PFTs were available to determine whether the LTS correlated with standard PFT results. Results: We found a high correlation between LTS and FTC, total lung capacity', and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (P < .0001 for all comparisons). Moreover, LTS was equivalent to PFTs for the detection of active lung disease. The image analysis protocol was conducted quickly (< 1 min per study) on a standard laptop computer connected to a publicly available National Institutes of Health imageJ toolkit. Conclusions: The two-point image analysis tool is highly practical and appears to reliably assess lung disease severity. We predict that this tool will be useful for clinical and research applications. CHEST 2012;142(6):1589-1597

关键词： Carbon Monoxide/metabolism Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods Lung/metabolism Lung/physiopathology Lung/radiography Respiratory Function Tests Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/metabolism Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/physiopathology Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/radiography Severity of Illness Index Severity of Illness Index Tomography, X-Ray Computed Total Lung Capacity/physiology Vital Capacity/physiology

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Digital image processing measurement of the upper eyelid contour in Graves disease and congenital blepharoptosis

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OPHTHALMOLOGY 1998年第5期105卷 913-918页

作者： Cruz, AAV Coelho, RP Baccega, A Lucchezi, MC Souza, ADA Ruiz, EES Univ Sao Paulo Sch Med Ribeirao Preto Dept Ophthalmol Sao Paulo Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sch Med Ribeirao Preto Dept Phys & Math Sao Paulo Brazil

Objective: This study used image processing techniques to quantify the upper eyelid contour of patients with Graves upper eyelid retraction and congenital blepharoptosis. Design: The study design was a cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 29 patients with Graves disease, 22 patients with congenital blepharoptosis, and 50 patients with no history of eye disease participated. Intervention: The images of the palpebral fissure of all participants were transferred to a personal computer and processed with NIH image 1.55 software. Main Outcome Measures: The following parameters were analyzed: the curvature of the upper eyelid contour, the position of the contour peak relative to the midline, and the ratio between the temporal and nasal upper quadrant areas of the palpebral fissure. Results: All upper eyelid contours could be fitted with second-degree polynomial functions. The mean temporal/ nasal area ratio was 1.33 mm in patients with Graves disease, 0.92 mm in patients with blepharoptosis, and 1.04 mm in control subjects. The peak of the upper eyelid contour was found to be lateral to the midline in control subjects (1.05 mm) and in patients with Graves disease (2.09 mm). In patients with blepharoptosis, the peak was 0.69 mm medial to the midline. Overall, the distance between the midpupil and the upper eyelid margin was correlated with several factors: the degree of curvature, the position of the peak of the eyelid contour, and the temporal/nasal area ratio. Conclusions: In Graves eyelid retraction, the curvature of the upper eyelid is enhanced, the peak of the contour is displaced laterally, and the temporal upper quadrant area is increased. Conversely, in congenital blepharoptosis, the eyelid is almost flat, the peak of the contour is displaced medially, and the upper quadrant area is diminished. The lateral segment of the upper eyelid is more involved than the nasal segment in both Graves upper eyelid retraction and congenital blepharoptosis.

关键词： Adolescent Adult Aged Blepharoptosis/complications Blepharoptosis/congenital Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Eyelids/pathology Female Graves Disease/complications Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods Male Middle Aged Signal processing, computer-assisted

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Early detection of the chemical changes occurring during the induction and prevention of autoimmune-mediated demyelination detected by FT-IR imaging

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NEUROimage 2010年第2期49卷 1180-1189页

作者： Heraud, Philip Caine, Sally Campanale, Naomi Karnezis, Tara McNaughton, Don Wood, Bayden R. Tobin, Mark J. Bernard, Claude C. A. Monash Univ Multiple Sclerosis Res Grp Monash Immunol & Stem Cell Labs Clayton Vic 3800 Australia Monash Univ Ctr Biospectroscopy Clayton Vic 3800 Australia Monash Univ Sch Chem Clayton Vic 3800 Australia Royal Melbourne Hosp Ludwig Inst Canc Res Melbourne Vic 3050 Australia Australian Synchrotron Melbourne Vic 3168 Australia

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite progress in understanding immunogenetic aspects of this disease, the mechanisms involved in lesion formation are unknown. To gain new insights into the neuropathology of MS, we used an innovative integration of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy, bioinformatics, and a synchrotron light source to analyze macromolecular changes in the CNS during the course and prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. We report that subtle chemical and structural changes not observed by conventional histology were detected before the onset of clinical signs of EAE. Moreover, trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) could discriminate, with excellent sensitivity and specificity, pathology from surrounding tissues and the early stage of the disease progression. Notably, we show that this novel measurement platform can detect characteristic differences in biochemical composition of lesion pathology in animals partially protected against EAE by vaccination with Nogo-A, an inhibitor of neural outgrowth, demonstrating the potential for automated screening and evaluation of new therapeutic agents. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Animals Automation Disease Models, Animal Disease Progression Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy Female image processing, computer-assisted/methods Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Multiple Sclerosis Myelin Proteins/immunology Myelin Proteins/therapeutic use Neural Networks (computer) Peptides/immunology Peptides/therapeutic use Sensitivity and Specificity Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods Time Factors Vaccination

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Separate Neural Mechanisms Underlie Choices and Strategic Preferences in Risky Decision Making

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NEURON 2009年第4期62卷 593-602页

作者： Venkatraman, Vinod Payne, John W. Bettman, James R. Luce, Mary Frances Huettel, Scott A. Duke Univ Med Ctr Brain Imaging & Anal Ctr Durham NC 27710 USA Duke Univ Ctr Neuroecon Studies Durham NC 27710 USA Duke Univ Fuqua Sch Business Durham NC 27708 USA

Adaptive decision making in real-world contexts often relies on strategic simplifications of decision problems. Yet, the neural mechanisms that shape these strategies and their implementation remain largely unknown. Using an economic decision-making task, we dissociate brain regions that predict specific choices from those predicting an individual's preferred strategy. Choices that maximized gains or minimized losses were predicted by functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in ventromedial prefrontal cortex or anterior insula, respectively. However, choices that followed a simplifying strategy (i.e., attending to overall probability of winning) were associated with activation in parietal and lateral prefrontal cortices. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, through differential functional connectivity with parietal and insular cortex, predicted individual variability in strategic preferences. Finally, we demonstrate that robust decision strategies follow from neural sensitivity to rewards. We conclude that decision making reflects more than compensatory interaction of choice-related regions;in addition, specific brain systems potentiate choices depending on strategies, traits, and context.

关键词： Adolescent Adult Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology Cerebral Cortex/blood supply Cerebral Cortex/physiology Choice Behavior/physiology Female Gambling Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods Individuality Logistic Models Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Male Nerve Net/anatomy & histology Nerve Net/blood supply Nerve Net/physiology Neuropsychological Tests Oxygen/blood Predictive Value of Tests Probability Reward Risk-Taking Young Adult

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Phase based venous suppression in resting-state BOLD GE-fMRI

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NEUROimage 2014年 100卷 51-59页

作者： Curtis, Andrew T. Hutchison, R. Matthew Menon, Ravi S. Univ Western Ontario Robarts Res Inst Ctr Funct & Metab Mapping London ON N6A 5K8 Canada Univ Western Ontario Dept Med Biophys London ON N6A 5C1 Canada Harvard Univ Ctr Brain Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) is a widely used method for inferring connectivity between brain regions or nodes. As with task-based fMRI, the spatial specificity of the connectivity maps can be distorted by the strong biasing effect of the BOLD signal in macroscopic veins. In RS-fMRI this effect is exacerbated by the temporal coherences of physiological origin between large veins that are widely distributed in the brain. In gradient echo based EPI, used for the vast majority of RS-fMRI, macroscopic veins that carry BOLD-related changes exhibit a strong phase response. This allows for post-processing identification and removal of venous signals using a phase regressor technique. Here, we employ this approach to suppress macrovascular venous contributions in high-field whole-brain RS-fMRI data sets, resulting in significant changes to both the spatial localization of the networks and the correlations between the network nodes. These effects were observed at both the individual and group analysis level, suggesting that venous contamination is a confounding factor for RS-fMRI studies even at relatively low image resolutions. Suppression of the macrovascular signal using the phase regression approach may therefore help to better identify, delineate, and interpret the true structure of large-scale brain networks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adult Brain/blood supply Brain/physiology Brain Mapping/methods Brain Mapping/methods Brain Mapping/standards Brain Mapping/standards Cerebral Veins/anatomy & histology Female Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods image processing, computer-assisted/standards Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Young Adult

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Interscan displacement-induced variance in PET activation data is excluded by a scan-specific attenuation correction

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NEUROimage 2002年第4期17卷 1844-1853页

作者： Reinders, AATS Willemsen, ATM Georgiadis, JR Hovius, M Paans, AMJ den Boer, JA Univ Groningen Hosp Dept Biol Psychiat NL-9700 RB Groningen Netherlands Univ Groningen Hosp PET Ctr NL-9700 RB Groningen Netherlands Univ Groningen Hosp Dept Anat NL-9700 RB Groningen Netherlands

In PET activation studies, linear changes in regional cerebral blood flow may be caused by subject interscan displacements rather than by changes in cognitive state. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of these artifacts and to assess whether they can be removed by applying a scan-specific calculated attenuation correction (CAC) instead of the default measured attenuation correction (MAC). Two independent data sets were analyzed, one with large (data I) and one with small (data II) interscan displacements. After attenuation correction (CAC or MAC), data were analyzed using SPM99. Interscan displacement parameters (IDP), obtained during scan realignment, were included as additional regressors in the General Linear Model and their impact was assessed by variance statistics revealing the affected brain volume. For data I, this volume reduced dramatically from 579 to 12 cm(3) (approximately 50-fold) at P-uncorr less than or equal to 0.001 and from 100 to 0 cm(3) at P-corr less than or equal to 0.05 when CAC was applied instead of MAC. Surprisingly, for data II, applying CAC instead of MAC still resulted in a substantial (approximately 10-fold) reduction of the affected volume from 23 to 2 cm(3) at P-uncorr less than or equal to 0.001. We conclude that interscan displacement-induced variance can be prevented by applying a (realigned attenuation correction scan (e.g., CAC). With MAC data, introducing IDP covariates is not an alternative since they model only this variance. Even in data with minor interscan displacements, applying a (realigned attenuation correction method (e.g., CAC) is superior to a nonaligned MAC with IDP covariates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

关键词： Adult Arousal/physiology Artifacts Attention/physiology Auditory Perception/physiology Brain/blood supply Fear/physiology Female Humans image Enhancement/methods image processing, computer-assisted/methods Linear Models Male Regional Blood Flow/physiology Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods Verbal Behavior/physiology

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The neural substrate of the ideomotor principle: An event-related fMRI analysis

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NEUROimage 2008年第3期39卷 1274-1288页

作者： Melcher, Tobias Weidema, Maaike Eenshuistra, Rena M. Hommel, Bernhard Gruber, Oliver Univ Gottingen Syst Neurosci Unit Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy D-37075 Gottingen Germany Leiden Univ Inst Psychol Res NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Leiden Inst Brain & Cognit Leiden Netherlands

The present fMRI study sought to investigate the neural basis of perceiving learned action effects and thereby to test for hypotheses based on the ideomotor principle. For this purpose, we had subjects undergo a two-phase experimental procedure comprising an acquisition and a test phase, the latter administered inside the MR scanner. During the acquisition phase, free-choice button presses were contingently followed by one of two tones of different pitch which thereby should become "learned action effects". During the following test phase, subjects were presented with the action effects either when in a passive (non-acting) state or when they carried out forced-choice button presses. Conform to our expectations, we found evidence for a motor effector activation following the passive perception of effect tones which elicited activation in the neural motor system (premotor and somatosensory cortices, SMA, and cerebellum). Surprisingly, however, this activation was observed for left-hand effect tones only, suggesting a basic asymmetry in the impact of ideomotor learning. Moreover, we found activation in the posterior prefrontal and temporo-parietal cortex in response to action effects during the pursuit of goal-directed action. This suggests that action effects attracted special attention and thereby engaged selective cognitive control processes to ensure task-appropriate performance. Finally, there was reduced premotor activation for response-compatible as compared to response-incompatible action effects which can be taken as indication for differential requirements on the motor system and thus for behavioral interference and/or facilitation by learned action effects. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic Stimulation Adult Cerebral Cortex/physiology Color Perception/physiology Conflict (Psychology) Data Interpretation, Statistical Evoked Potentials/physiology Female Functional Laterality/physiology Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods Learning/physiology Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data Male Movement/physiology Photic Stimulation Psychomotor Performance/physiology Visual Cortex/physiology

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The impact of certain methodological choices on multivariate analysis of fMRI data with support vector machines

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NEUROimage 2011年第2期54卷 1159-1167页

作者： Etzel, Joset A. Valchev, Nikola Keysers, Christian Univ Groningen BCN Neuroimaging Ctr Groningen Netherlands Univ Med Ctr Groningen Dept Neurosci NL-9713 AV Groningen Netherlands Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci Netherlands Inst Neurosci Amsterdam Netherlands

Multivoxel pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is continuing to increase in popularity. Like all fMRI analyses, these analyses require extensive data processing and methodological choices, but the impact of these decisions on the final results is not always known. This study explores the impact of four methodological choices on analysis outcomes and introduces the technique of partitioning on random runs for characterizing temporal dependencies and evaluating partitioning methods. The analyses were performed on two fMRI data sets, which were repeatedly analyzed with support vector machines, varying the method of temporal compression, smoothing, voxel-wise detrending, and partitioning into training and testing sets. Smoothing sometimes slightly increased classification accuracy. Partitioning other than on the runs increased classification accuracy, and the random runs technique allowed us to attribute this improvement to the increased amount of training data, rather than to bias. The impact of the temporal compression and detrending methods varied so strongly with data set that general recommendations could not be drawn. These interactions suggest that, rather than searching for a universally superior set of methodological choices, researchers must carefully consider each choice in the context of each experiment. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Brain/physiology Brain Mapping/methods Brain Mapping/methods Humans image processing, computer-assisted/methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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