检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Working memory and syntax interact in Broca's area

NEUROimage 2007年第1期37卷 8-17页

作者： Santi, Andrea Grodzinsky, Yosef McGill Univ Dept Neurol & Neurosurg Montreal PQ H3A 1A7 Canada McGill Univ Dept Linguist Montreal PQ H3A 1A7 Canada

Comprehension of filler-gap dependency relations (as in this is the man who the woman is touching rectangle) is supported by Broca's area. There are two views regarding the processing role of this brain region in comprehending these dependencies. Specifists hold that Broca's area plays a specific syntactic role in processing filler-gaps. Generalists maintain that as the on-line linking of fillers and gaps taxes Working Memory (WM) resources, Broca's area supports a domain general WM. The current fMRI study tested these two views in a grammatically judgment task, where participants were presented with two syntactically distinct dependency relations: (a) Filler-Gap and (b) Reflexive Binding. The distance between the dependent elements within each of the constructions was varied, to parametrically vary WM demands. The Generalists would expect parametric variation of distance in both dependencies to lead to a linear increase in activation of Broca's area. Our results support the specifists' view, however: the left inferior frontal gyrus demonstrated an interaction between distance and dependency type with a positive linear effect only for Filler-Gaps. A positive linear effect of distance across both dependencies was only found in the bilateral parahippocampal/ fusiform gyri. Therefore the role of Broca's area in WM is syntactically specific to filler-gap relations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adult Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Comprehension/physiology Dominance, Cerebral/physiology Female Frontal Lobe/physiology Humans image processing, computer-assisted Linear Models Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Memory, Short-Term/physiology Reaction Time/physiology Semantics Speech Perception/physiology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

AZD2171, a pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, normalizes tumor vasculature and alleviates edema in glioblastoma patients

引用

CANCER CELL 2007年第1期11卷 83-95页

作者： Batchelor, Tracy T. Sorensen, A. Gregory di Tomaso, Emmanuelle Zhang, Wei-Ting Duda, Dan G. Cohen, Kenneth S. Kozak, Kevin R. Cahill, Daniel P. Chen, Poe-Jou Zhu, Mingwang Ancukiewicz, Marek Mrugala, Maciej M. Plotkin, Scott Drappatz, Jan Louis, David N. Ivy, Percy Scadden, David T. Benner, Thomas Loeffler, Jay S. Wen, Patrick Y. Jain, Rakesh K. Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Neurol Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Radiat Oncol Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Radiol Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Ctr Regenerat Med Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Pathol Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp HST AA Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Div Hlth Sci & Technol Boston MA 02114 USA MIT Dept Nucl Sci & Engn Cambridge MA 02139 USA Childrens Hosp Dana Farber Canc Inst Dept Adult Oncol Boston MA 02115 USA NCI Canc Therapy Evaluat Program Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Using MRI techniques, we show here that normalization of tumor vessels in recurrent glioblastoma patients by daily administration of AZD2171-an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGF receptors-has rapid onset, is prolonged but reversible, and has the significant clinical benefit of alleviating edema. Reversal of normalization began by 28 days, though some features persisted for as long as four months. Basic FGF, SDF1 alpha, and viable circulating endothelial cells (CECs) increased when tumors escaped treatment, and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) increased when tumors progressed after drug interruption. Our study provides insight into different mechanisms of action of this class of drugs in recurrent glioblastoma patients and suggests that the timing of combination therapy may be critical for optimizing activity against this tumor.

关键词： Brain Edema/drug therapy Brain Edema/etiology Brain Neoplasms/blood supply Brain Neoplasms/complications Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy Chemokine CXCL12 Chemokines, CXC/blood Endothelial Cells/drug effects Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood Fibroblast Growth Factors/drug effects Flow Cytometry Flow Cytometry Glioblastoma/blood supply Glioblastoma/complications Glioblastoma/drug therapy Humans image processing, computer-assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/complications Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/drug effects Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use Quinazolines/therapeutic use Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors Survival Analysis

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural evidence for Reference-dependence in real-market-transactions

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第1期35卷 441-447页

作者： Weber, Bernd Aholt, Andreas Neuhaus, Carolin Trautner, Peter Elger, Christian E. Teichert, Thorsten Life & Brain Ctr Dept NeuroCognit D-53127 Bonn Germany Univ Bonn Dept Epileptol D-53127 Bonn Germany Univ Hamburg Chair Mkt & Innovat D-20146 Hamburg Germany

Human decision making has become one of the major research-foci in economics, marketing and in neuroscience. This study integrates perspectives from these disciplines by examining neurophysiological correlates to Reference-dependence of utility evaluations in real market contexts both before and after choice. First, by comparing buying and selling decisions, we observe an activation of the amygdala only in the latter. We interpret this as loss aversion with respect to prior possessions. This finding contributes to the settling of an ongoing fundamental dispute in economic theory by indicating the absence of loss aversion for money in routine transactions. Second, ex post satisfaction statements are accompanied by an activation of the reward processing orbitofrontal cortex, if the evaluation context is framed by a high external reference price instead of a lower internal reference price. This indicates a nonrational RefereDee-dependence-despite the neoclassical view of a rational Homo Economicus - of satisfaction measures and challenges a central marketing variable. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adult Choice Behavior/physiology Decision Making/physiology Economics Female Humans image processing, computer-assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Prefrontal Cortex/physiology Reproducibility of Results Reward

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第4期36卷 1065-1073页

作者： Lenroot, Rhoshel K. Gogtay, Nitin Greenstein, Deanna K. Wells, Elizabeth Molloy Wallace, Gregory L. Clasen, Liv S. Blumenthal, Jonathan D. Lerch, Jason Zijdenbos, Alex P. Evans, Alan C. Thompson, Paul M. Giedd, Jay N. NIMH Child Psychiat Branch Bethesda MD 20814 USA Hosp Sick Children Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada McGill Univ Montreal Neurol Inst Montreal PQ H3A 2T5 Canada Univ Calif Los Angeles Lab Neuro Imaging Los Angeles CA 90024 USA

Human total brain size is consistently reported to be similar to 8-10% larger in males, although consensus on regionally specific differences is weak. Here, in the largest longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging study reported to date (829 scans from 387 subjects, ages 3 to 27 years), we demonstrate the importance of examining size-by-age trajectories of brain development rather than group averages across broad age ranges when assessing sexual dimorphism. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we found robust male/female differences in the shapes of trajectories with total cerebral volume peaking at age 10.5 in females and 14.5 in males. White matter increases throughout this 24-year period with males having a steeper rate of increase during adolescence. Both cortical and subcortical gray matter trajectories follow an inverted U shaped path with peak sizes I to 2 years earlier in females. These sexually dimorphic trajectories confirm the importance of longitudinal data in studies of brain development and underline the need to consider sex matching in studies of brain development. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adolescent Adult Brain/growth & development Caudate Nucleus/growth & development Cerebral Cortex/growth & development Cerebral Ventricles/growth & development Child Child, Preschool Corpus Callosum/growth & development Female Humans image processing, computer-assisted Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Reference Values Sex Characteristics Twins

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Cortical lateralization of bilateral symmetric chin movements and clinical relevance in tumor patients - A high field BOLD-FMRI study

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第1期37卷 26-39页

作者： Foki, Thomas Geissler, Alexander Gartus, Andreas Pahs, Gerald Deecke, Lueder Beisteiner, Roland Univ Vienna MR Ctr Excellence Dept Neurol Study Grp Clin fMRI A-1090 Vienna Austria Univ Vienna MR Ctr Excellence Dept Neurosurg Study Grp Clin fMRI A-1090 Vienna Austria Univ Vienna MR Ctr Excellence Dept Radiol Study Grp Clin fMRI A-1090 Vienna Austria Univ Vienna Dept Pediat A-1090 Vienna Austria

Although unilateral lesion studies concerning the opercular part of primary motor cortex report clinically severe motor deficits (e.g. anarthria, masticatory paralysis), functional lateralization of this area has not yet been addressed in neuroimaging studies. Using BOLD-FMRI, this study provides the first quantitative evaluation of a possible cortical lateralization of symmetric chin movements (rhythmic contraction of masticatory muscles) in right-handed healthy subjects and presurgical patients suffering tumorous lesions in the opercular primary motor cortex. Data were analyzed according to "activation volume" and "activation intensity". At group level, results showed a strong left-hemispheric dominance for chin movements in the group of healthy subjects. In contrast, patients indicated dominance of the healthy hemisphere. Here, a clinically relevant dissociation was found between "activation volume" and "activation intensity": Although "activation volume" may be clearly lateralized to the healthy hemisphere, "activation intensity" may indicate residual functionally important tissue close to the pathological tissue. In these cases, consideration of BOLD-FMRI maps with the exclusive focus on "activation volume" may lead to erroneous presurgical conclusions. We conclude that comprehensive analyses of presurgical fMRI data may help to avoid sustained postoperative motor deficits and dysarthria in patients with lesions in the opercular part of primary motor cortex. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adolescent Adult Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology Brain Neoplasms/secondary Child Chin/innervation Dominance, Cerebral/physiology Female Humans image Enhancement image processing, computer-assisted Isometric Contraction/physiology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mastication/physiology Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology Middle Aged Motor Cortex/physiopathology Movement/physiology Reference Values

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Multisensory integration for timing engages different brain networks

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第2期34卷 764-773页

作者： Dhamala, Mukeshwar Assisi, Collins G. Jirsa, Viktor K. Steinberg, Fred L. Kelso, J. A. Scott Univ Florida Dept Biomed Engn Gainesville FL 33611 USA Florida Atlantic Univ Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci Boca Raton FL 33431 USA CNRS UMR 6152 Mouvement & Percept Theoret Neurosci Grp F-13288 Marseille France

How does the brain integrate information from different senses into a unitary percept? What factors influence such multisensory integration? Using a rhythmic behavioral paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we identified networks of brain regions for perceptions of physically synchronous and asynchronous auditory-visual events. Measures of behavioral performance revealed the existence of three distinct perceptual states. Perception of asynchrony activated a network of the primary sensory, prefrontal, and inferior parietal cortices, perception of synebrony disengaged the inferior parietal cortex and further recruited the superior colliculus, and when no clear percept was established, only the residual areas comprised of prefrontal and sensory areas were active. These results indicate that distinct percepts arise within specific brain sub-networks, the components of which are differentially engaged and disengaged depending on the timing of environmental signals. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic Stimulation Adult Auditory Perception/physiology Brain/anatomy & histology Brain/physiology Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Humans image processing, computer-assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology Neural Pathways/physiology Photic Stimulation Sensation/physiology Time Factors Visual Perception/physiology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Memory and the medial temporal lobe: Hemispheric specialization reconsidered

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第3期36卷 969-978页

作者： Kennepohl, S. Sziklas, V. Garver, K. E. Wagner, D. D. Jones-Gotman, M. McGill Univ Neuropsychol & Cognit Neurosci Unit Montreal PQ Canada Dartmouth Coll Hanover NH 03755 USA

The role of the medial temporal lobe in learning and memory has been well established in research on humans and other animals. In humans, clinical and neuroimaging studies typically suggest material-specific lateralization in which the left and right temporal lobes are associated with verbal and nonverbal memory, respectively. It is often assumed that the temporal lobes are functionally alike, differing only in terms of the content to be learned. Here we present data that challenge this notion, showing that the type of material used during a memory task can influence fMRI activation patterns beyond the expected left-verbal/right-nonverbal dichotomy. Our results also suggest some degree of functional asymmetry in the medial temporal lobe that is independent of material type, pointing to underlying processing differences between the left and right temporal lobes. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Adult Brain/physiology Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Echo-Planar Imaging Female Functional Laterality/physiology Humans image processing, computer-assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Memory/physiology Mental Recall/physiology Oxygen/blood Photic Stimulation Reading Recognition (Psychology)/physiology Temporal Lobe/physiology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural mechanisms of auditory awareness underlying verbal transformations

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第1期36卷 123-130页

作者： Kondo, Hirohito M. Kashino, Makio NTT Corp NTT Commun Sci Labs Human & Informat Sci Lab Atsugi Kanagawa 2430198 Japan Japan Sci & Technol Agcy ERATO Shimojo Implicit Brain Funct Project Atsugi Kanagawa 2430198 Japan Tokyo Inst Technol Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Sci & Engn Yokohama Kanagawa 227 Japan

Prolonged listening to a repeated word without a pause produces a series of illusory transitions of the physically unchanging word, which is called verbal transformation. Verbal transformations provide a rare opportunity to examine how auditory percepts are formed in the brain. We found that verbal forms are affected by phonetic reorganization of a word, rather than by auditory adaptation and lexical distortion of it. We identified brain activity leading to individual differences between perceptual transitions and tone detection. An event-related fMRI analysis revealed that the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the left prefrontal cortex were activated when perceptual transitions from one verbal form to another occurred, but not when tone pips were detected. The number of perceptual transitions showed positive and negative correlations with signal intensity in the left IFC and the left ACC, respectively. The results suggest that active generation of verbal forms is linked with articulatory gestures for speech production and that the frequency of perceptual transitions is determined by a balance of the activations between the two brain regions. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that individual differences in the number of perceptual transitions rely on negative feedback from the ACC to the IFC via the posterior insula. These findings suggest that distributed frontal areas are involved in auditory awareness underlying verbal transformations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adult Attention/physiology Awareness/physiology Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Cerebral Cortex/physiology Dominance, Cerebral/physiology Female Frontal Lobe/physiology Gyrus Cinguli/physiology Humans Illusions/physiology image processing, computer-assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Oxygen/blood Phonetics Pitch Perception/physiology Prefrontal Cortex/physiology Semantics Speech Perception/physiology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Activity in human V1 follows multisensory perception

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第2期37卷 572-578页

作者： Watkins, S. Shams, L. Josephs, O. Rees, G. UCL Inst Cognit Neurosci London WC1N 3AR England UCL Wellcome Trust Ctr Neuroimaging London WC1N 3BG England Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Psychol Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

When a single brief visual flash is accompanied by two auditory biceps, it is frequently perceived incorrectly as two flashes. Such illusory multisensory perception is associated with increased activation of retinotopic human primary visual cortex (VI) suggesting that such activity reflects subjective perception [Watkins, S., Shams, L., Tanaka, S., Haynes, J.D., Rees, G., 2006. Sound alters activity in human VI in association with illusory visual perception. Neuroimage. 31, 1247-1256]. However, an alternate possibility is that increased VI activity reflects either fluctuating attention or auditory-visual perceptual matching on illusion trials. Here, we rule out these possibilities by studying the complementary illusion, where a double flash is accompanied by a single bleep and perceived incorrectly as a single flash. We replicate findings of increased activity in retinotopic VI when, a single flash is perceived incorrectly as two flashes, and now show that activity is decreased in retinotopic VI when a double flash is perceived incorrectly as a single flash. Our findings provide strong support for the notion that human V1 activity reflects subjective perception in these multisensory illusions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Acoustic Stimulation Adolescent Adult Auditory Perception/physiology Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Female Humans Illusions/physiology image processing, computer-assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Photic Stimulation Visual Cortex/physiology Visual Perception/physiology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Structure of WM bundles constituting the working memory system in early multiple sclerosis:: A quantitative DTI tractography study

引用

NEUROimage 2007年第4期36卷 1324-1330页

作者： Audoin, Bertrand Guye, Maxime Reuter, Francoise Duong, My-Van Au Confort-Gouny, Sylviane Malikova, Irina Soulier, Elisabeth Viout, Patrick Cherif, Andre Ali Cozzone, Patrick J. Pelletier, Jean Ranjeva, Jean-Philippe Univ Aix Marseille 2 Fac Med CNRS UMR 6612 Ctr Resonance Magnet Biol & Med F-13385 Marseille France CHU Timone Neurol Serv F-13005 Marseille France

Working memory impairment is frequently observed in patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI and functional MRI studies have shown that working memory impairment is mostly due to diffuse white matter (WM) damage affecting the connectivity between distant cortical areas. However, working memory deficits in early MS patients can be either completely or partly masked by compensatory functional plasticity. It seems likely that concomitantly with the WM bundle injury resulting from pathological processes, the functional plasticity present in early MS patients may be accompanied by reactive structural WM plasticity. This structural plasticity may effectively compensate for connectivity disturbances and/or contribute to functional brain reorganization. The diffusion characteristics of WM bundles involved in working memory were assessed here by performing quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography on 24 patients with early relapsing- remitting MS and 15 healthy control subjects. The DTI tractography findings showed that WM connections constituting the executive system of working memory were structurally impaired (the fractional anisotropy was lower than normal and the mean diffusivity, higher than normal). A significantly larger number of connections between the left and right thalami was concurrently observed in the MS patients than in the control subjects, which suggests that the WM is endowed with reactive structural plasticity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adult Anisotropy Brain Mapping Brain Mapping Cerebral Cortex/physiology Diagnosis, Differential Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dominance, Cerebral/physiology Female Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology Humans image processing, computer-assisted Male Memory, Short-Term/physiology Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/physiology Nerve Net/physiopathology Neuronal Plasticity/physiology Software Thalamus/physiopathology

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：