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Exoscope-based videocapillaroscopy system for in vivo skin microcirculation imaging of various body areas

BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第8期12卷 4627-4636页

作者： Machikhin, Alexander S. Volkov, Mikhail V. Khokhlov, Demid D. Lovchikova, Ekaterina D. Potemkin, Andrey, V Danilycheva, Inna, V Dorofeeva, Irina, V Shulzhenko, Andrey E. Russian Acad Sci Sci & Technol Ctr Unique Instrumentat Lab Acoustoopt Spect 15 Butlerova Moscow 117342 Russia ITMO Univ Fac Appl Opt 49 Kronverksky St Petersburg 197101 Russia Fed Med Biol Agcy Dept Allergol & Immunotherapy Inst Immunol 24 Kashirskoe Moscow 115522 Russia

The capillary system immediately responds to many pathologies and environmental conditions. Accurate monitoring of its functioning often enables early detection of various diseases related to disorders in skin microcirculation. To expand the scope of capillaroscopy application, it is reasonable to visualize and assess blood microcirculation exactly in the areas of inflamed skin. Body vibrations, breathing, non-flat skin surface and other factors hamper the application of conventional capillaroscopes outside the nailfold area. In this paper, we propose an exoscope-based optical system for high-quality non-invasive computational imaging of capillary network in various areas of the body. Accurate image matching and tracking temporal intensity variations allow detecting the presence of blood pulsations, precise mapping of capillaries and photoplethysmogram acquisition. We have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed approach experimentally by in vivo mapping and analysis of microvessels in wrist, forearm, upper-arm, breast and hip areas. We believe that the developed system will increase the diagnostic value of video capillaroscopy in clinical practice. (c) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Computational imaging image processing image processing algorithms image quality Optical coherence tomography Speckle imaging

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Characterization of fibrillar collagen isoforms in infarcted mouse hearts using second harmonic generation imaging

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BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第1期12卷 604-618页

作者： Sahu, Sushant P. Liu, Qianglin Prasad, Alisha Hasan, Sped Mohammad Abid Liu, Qun Rodriguez, Maria Ximena Bastidas Mukhopadhyay, Orna Burk, David Francis, Joseph Mukhopadhyay, Supratik Fu, Xing Gartia, Manas Ranjan Univ Louisiana Lafayette Dept Chem Lafayette LA 70504 USA Louisiana State Univ LSU AgCtr Sch Anim Sci Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Louisiana State Univ Dept Comp Sci Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA Baton Rouge Magnet High Sch Baton Rouge LA 70806 USA Shared Instrumentat Facil & Pennington Biomed Res Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA Louisiana State Univ Sch Vet Med Comparat Biomed Sci Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

We utilized collagen specific second harmonic generation (SHG) signatures coupled with correlative immunofluorescence imaging techniques to characterize collagen structural isoforms (type I and type III) in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Tissue samples were imaged over a four week period using SHG, transmitted light microscopy and immunofluorescence imaging using fluorescently-labeled collagen antibodies. The post-mortem cardiac tissue imaging using SHG demonstrated a progressive increase in collagen deposition in the left ventricle (LV) post-MI. We were able to monitor structural morphology and LV remodeling parameters in terms of extent of LV dilation, stiffness and fiber dimensions in the infarcted myocardium. (c) 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： High speed imaging image processing algorithms Imaging techniques Light scattering Magnetic resonance imaging Medical imaging

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Continuous zoom compound eye imaging system based on liquid lenses

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第23期29卷 37565-37579页

作者： Zheng, Yi Wang, Di Jiang, Zhao Liu, Chao Wang, Qiong-Hua Beihang Univ Sch Instrumentat & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

In this paper, a continuous zoom compound eye imaging system based on liquid lenses is proposed. The main imaging part of the system consists of a liquid compound eye, two liquid lenses and a planar image sensor. By adjusting the liquid injection volumes of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses, the system can realize continuous zoom imaging without any mechanical movement of imaging components. According to the results of experiments, the paraxial magnification of the target can range from similar to 0.019x to similar to 0.037x at a fixed working distance. Moreover, the system can realize continuous focusing at a fixed paraxial magnification when the working distance ranges from similar to 200mm to similar to 300mm. Compared with the traditional artificial compound eye imaging systems, the proposed system increases the adjustability and matches the variable image surfaces of the liquid compound eye to a planar image sensor. The aspherical effects of the liquid compound eye and liquid lenses are also considered in the design of the system. The system is expected to be used for imaging in various scenes, such as continuous zoom panoramic imaging, 3D scanning measurement and so on. (C) 2021 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： image processing algorithms image quality Imaging systems Liquid lenses Optical imaging Planar lenses

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Method of space object detection by wide field of view telescope based on its following error

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第22期29卷 35348-35365页

作者： Yang, Wenbo Zhao, Yan Liu, Ming Liu, Delong Jilin Univ Coll Commun Engn Changchun 130012 Peoples R China Natl Astron Observ CAS Changchun Observ Changchun 130117 Peoples R China

Space objects and stars appear similar in images acquired by the wide field of view (FOV) survey telescope. This work investigates a unique property of the telescope observing a space object in satellite tracking mode, namely that the azimuth and altitude angles of the object and those of the optical axis of the telescope vary, in theory, in the same way. Based on this property we derive that the movement distance of the object between the two adjacent frames is minimal compared to the distance of the star. With this conclusion, it is possible to detect the object from a large number of background stars. To improve the robustness of the detection, the set of candidate objects is created. Finally, a clustering algorithm is employed to successfully extract the motion trajectory of the object. Unlike traditional detection methods or techniques based on image processing and analysis, our proposed detection is closely related to the parameters of the trajectory-following performance, which provides a more reliable basis for improving the detection rate. The feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm was verified by the 1.2-meter wide FOV survey telescope at the Jilin base of the Changchun observatory, with a detection rate of over 98%. The test results indicate that the method can satisfy the demand for detecting the object in an open-loop tracking. If the detection method is implemented in hardware, it can detect the object in a closed-loop tracking. As a result, it will have a wider scope for applications. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： image deconvolution image processing algorithms Optical flow Optical telescopes Point spread function Space telescopes

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Low-pass filtering based polarimetric dehazing method for dense haze removal

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第18期29卷 28178-28189页

作者： Liang, Jian Ren, Liyong Liang, Rongguang Shaanxi Normal Univ Sch Phys & Informat Technol Xian 710119 Peoples R China Univ Arizona James C Wyant Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Polarimetric dehazing method is very promising in enhancing the quality of images captured in the scattering media. However, it is found that the dehazing results calculated by hazy images are very sensitive to the noise, which may cause the method unstable or even invalid. To overcome this drawback and enhance the capability and stability of the polarimetric dehazing method, digital image processing algorithms or bias parameters need to be added into the method, however, they will make the algorithm complex and time consuming. In this paper, using low pass filter to suppress the noise of the hazy images, a novel polarimetric dehazing method is proposed to enhance the visibility of hazy images, especially for dense haze removal. Experimental results demonstrate that this method is totally automatic and very effective in dense haze processing. This method may have great potential usage in many applications, such as optical surveillance, underwater imaging, and bio-tissue imaging, etc. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Digital image processing image processing image processing algorithms Scattering media Underwater imaging Visibility

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MicroHikari3D: an automated DIY digital microscopy platform with deep learning capabilities

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BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第11期12卷 7223-7243页

作者： Salido, J. Toledano, P. Vallez, N. Deniz, O. Ruiz-santaquiteria, J. Cristobal, G. Bueno, G. Univ Castilla La Mancha VISILAB Grp Ciudad Real 13005 Spain CSIC Inst Opt Serrano 121 Madrid Spain

A microscope is an essential tool in biosciences and production quality laboratories for unveiling the secrets of microworlds. This paper describes the development of MicroHikari3D, an affordable DIY optical microscopy platform with automated sample positioning, autofocus and several illumination modalities to provide a high-quality flexible microscopy tool for labs with a short budget. This proposed optical microscope design aims to achieve high customization capabilities to allow whole 2D slide imaging and observation of 3D live specimens. The MicroHikari3D motion control system is based on the entry level 3D printer kit Tronxy X1 controlled from a server running in a Raspberry Pi 4. The server provides services to a client mobile app for video/image acquisition, processing, and a high level classification task by applying deep learning models.

关键词： Digital image processing image processing algorithms image quality Near field scanning optical microscopy Optical microscopy Three dimensional imaging

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Deep learning automated pathology in ex vivo microscopy

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BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第6期12卷 3103-3116页

作者： Combalia, Marc Garcia, Sergio Malvehy, Josep Puig, Susana Mulberger, Alba Guembe Browning, James Garcet, Sandra Krueger, James G. Lish, Samantha R. Lax, Rivka Ren, Jeannie Stevenson, Mary Doudican, Nicole Carucci, John A. Jain, Manu White, Kevin Rakos, Jaroslav Gareau, Daniel S. Univ Barcelona Hosp Clin Barcelona Dept Dermatol Barcelona Spain Rockefeller Univ 1230 York Ave New York NY 10065 USA Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr 1275 York Ave New York NY 10065 USA NYU Ronald O Pearlman Dept Dermatol 550 First Ave New York NY 10016 USA Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ Dept Dermatol 3303 South Bond Ave Portland OR 97239 USA SurgiVance Inc 310 East 67th St New York NY 10065 USA

Standard histopathology is currently the gold standard for assessment of margin status in Mohs surgical removal of skin cancer. Ex vivo confocal microscopy (XVM) is potentially faster, less costly and inherently 3D/digital compared to standard histopathology. Despite these advantages, XVM use is not widespread due, in part, to the need for pathologists to retrain to interpret XVM images. We developed artificial intelligence (AI)-driven XVM pathology by implementing algorithms that render intuitive XVM pathology images identical to standard histopathology and produce automated tumor positivity maps. XVM images have fluorescence labeling of cellular and nuclear biology on the background of endogenous (unstained) reflectance contrast as a grounding counter-contrast. XVM images of 26 surgical excision specimens discarded after Mohs micrographic surgery were used to develop an XVM data pipeline with 4 stages: flattening, colorizing, enhancement and automated diagnosis. The first two stages were novel, deterministic image processing algorithms, and the second two were AI algorithms. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated for basal cell carcinoma detection as proof of principal for the XVM image processing pipeline. The resulting diagnostic readouts mimicked the appearance of histopathology and found tumor positivity that required first collapsing the confocal stack to a 2D image optimized for cellular fluorescence contrast, then a dark field-to-bright field colorizing transformation, then either an AI image transformation for visual inspection or an AI diagnostic binary image segmentation of tumor obtaining a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 91% respectively. These results show that video-assisted micrographic XVM pathology could feasibly aid margin status determination in micrographic surgery of skin cancer.

关键词： Biology Confocal microscopy Digital image processing Digital imaging image processing image processing algorithms

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Full-view imaging on dynamic closed surface by curved-to-flat conversion lens

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OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第18期29卷 28167-28177页

作者： Chen, Si Sun, Fei Liu, Yichao Yang, Yibiao Chen, Zhihui Taiyuan Univ Technol Coll Phys & Optoelect Minist Educ & Shanxi Prov Key Lab Adv Transducers & Intelligent Control Sys Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China

Conventional full-view imaging systems, which often need complicated image processing algorithms to reconstruct full-view images captured by motional/multiple cameras from different views, cannot have good real-time imaging capability. We design curved-to-flat conversion lens (CFCL) based on optic-null medium, which can directly project/image optical patterns from closed object surface onto image plane (e.g., the focal plane of microscopy), and shows good real-time full-view imaging performance. To realize the CFCL, the reduced opticnull medium is designed by subwavelength metal channels filled with homogeneous isotropic dielectrics. Numerical simulation results verify the function of the designed CFCL, which can image various dynamic optical patterns from the closed object surface to the finite-view image plane. The designed CFCL may have many applications in real-timely observing dynamic closed surfaces in full view, e.g., living tissue/cell and soft material's surface. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： Digital image processing image processing image processing algorithms Imaging systems Optical surfaces Real time imaging

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Determination of the Quality Parameters of Higher-Order Bessel Light Beams

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021年第5期88卷 1020-1034页

作者： Ryzhevich, A. A. Balykin, I. V. Zheleznyakova, T. A. Natl Acad Sci Belarus BI Stepanov Inst Phys Minsk BELARUS Belarusian State Univ Minsk BELARUS

A method is proposed for evaluating the quality of higher-order Bessel light beams (BLBn, order n > 0) by analyzing digital computer images of two-dimensional transverse intensity distributions. One image is sufficient to assess the quality in a specific transverse cross section of a BLBn. algorithms are described which ensure correct implementation of this method: an algorithm for evaluating the position of the axis of an annular beam based on cluster analysis, an algorithm for estimating an initial approximation of the conicity parameter when approximating experimental diametral intensity distributions by the square of a Bessel function based on analyzing the spectral power density of the diametral distribution. The proposed method and algorithms are implemented in the form of an extension of a software package for analyzing the quality of Bessel light beams. The software package is used to test the method experimentally to analyze a BLB1 produced with the aid of KTP (KTiOPO4) and KGW (KGd(WO4)(2)) crystals from a study of a semiconductor laser module (SCLM) and a helium-neon laser (HNL). It is shown that the beam formed by the HNL retains a constant radius along different azimuthal directions while the conformity to the shape of an ideal BLB1 is lost over a larger distance from the axicon than the SCLM, but also loses its constant intensity more rapidly along different azimuthal directions in the first annulus.

关键词： Bessel light beam quality parameters of light beams analysis of transverse intensity distributions image processing algorithms

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Simulations of fluorescence imaging in the oral cavity

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BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021年第7期12卷 4276-4292页

作者： Lyu, Zheng Jiang, Haomiao Xiao, Feng Rong, Jian Zhang, Tingcheng Wandell, Brian Farrell, Joyce Stanford Ctr Image Syst Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA Dept Elect Engn Stanford CA 94305 USA Facebook AR VR Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA Fengyun Vis Technol Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Psychol Dept Stanford CA 94305 USA

We describe an end-to-end image systems simulation that models a device capable of measuring fluorescence in the oral cavity. Our software includes a 3D model of the oral cavity and excitation-emission matrices of endogenous fluorophores that predict the spectral radiance of oral mucosal tissue. The predicted radiance is transformed by a model of the optics and image sensor to generate expected sensor image values. We compare simulated and real camera data from tongues in healthy individuals and show that the camera sensor chromaticity values can be used to quantify the fluorescence from porphyrins relative to the bulk fluorescence from multiple fluorophores (elastin, NADH, FAD, and collagen). Validation of the simulations supports the use of soft-prototyping in guiding system design for fluorescence imaging. (c) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

关键词： image processing image processing algorithms image sensors Imaging systems Systems design Underwater imaging

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