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History and metrology applications of a game-changing technology: digital holography [Invited]

JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS image SCIENCE AND VISION 2022年第2期39卷 A29-A43页

作者： Trolinger, James D. Mansoor, Mohammad M. Metrolaser Inc 22941 Mill Creek Dr Laguna Hills CA 92653 USA

In digital holography (DH), information in the hologram is recorded and stored in digital format in discrete bits. Like its parent, holography, DH evolved over many years with periods of dormancy and revival. Almost abandoned, multiple times, unanticipated events or developments in separate industries revived it with explosive, quantum jumps, making it useful and popular to a wide audience. Although its history has been treated in many papers and books, the field is dynamic and constantly providing new opportunities. Having been born long before low-cost, fast, powerful digital computers and digital detectors were available, DH was confined to the academic world, where practical applications and commercial opportunities were few if any. Consumer demand that led to low-cost personal computers, high-resolution digital cameras, supporting software, and related products changed the situation drastically by providing every potential researcher affordable, powerful hardware and software needed to apply image processing algorithms and move DH to new practical application levels. In this paper, as part of the sixtieth anniversary of off-axis holography, we include a brief introduction to the fundamentals of DH and examine the history and evolution of DH during its periods of rise and fall. We summarize many new emerging techniques, applications, and potential future applications along with additional details for metrological examples from the authors' research. (c) 2021 Optical Society of America

关键词： Digital holographic imaging Holographic interferometry Holographic optical elements image processing image processing algorithms Phase imaging

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Deep Learning Process and Application for the Detection of Dangerous Goods Passing through Motorway Tunnels

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algorithms 2022年第10期15卷 370-370页

作者： Sisias, George Konstantinidou, Myrto Kontogiannis, Sotirios Univ Western Macedonia Dept Informat Kastoria 52100 Greece NCSR Demokritos Syst Reliabil & Ind Safety Lab Inst Nucl & Radiol Sci Energy Technol & Safety Athens 15341 Greece Univ Ioannina Dept Math Lab Team Distributed Microcomp Syst Ioannina 45110 Greece

Automated deep learning and data mining algorithms can provide accurate detection, frequency patterns, and predictions of dangerous goods passing through motorways and tunnels. This paper presents a post-processing image detection application and a three-stage deep learning detection algorithm that identifies and records dangerous goods' passage through motorways and tunnels. This tool receives low-resolution input from toll camera images and offers timely information on vehicles carrying dangerous goods. According to the authors' experimentation, the mean accuracy achieved by stage 2 of the proposed algorithm in identifying the ADR plates is close to 96% and 92% of both stages 1 and 2 of the algorithm. In addition, for the successful optical character recognition of the ADR numbers, the algorithm's stage 3 mean accuracy is between 90 and 97%, and overall successful detection and Optical Character Recognition accuracy are close to 94%. Regarding execution time, the proposed algorithm can achieve real-time detection capabilities by processing one image in less than 2.69 s.

关键词： risk management transport management systems CNN algorithms image processing algorithms deep learning algorithms distributed management systems

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Joint digital-optical design of superresolution multiframe imaging systems

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APPLIED OPTICS 2008年第10期47卷 B11-B20页

作者： Robinson, M. Dirk Stork, David G. Ricoh Innovat Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA

Typical electro-optic imaging systems produce image aliasing artifacts. Superresolution algorithms process multiple aliased images to yield a single high-resolution image. We design imaging systems by jointly optimizing the optics and postprocessing to maximize such multiframe imaging performance. We describe efficient software methods that can be used to perform joint design by use of commercially available lens design software. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America.

关键词： image processing image processing algorithms image quality Imaging systems Multiframe image processing Optical transfer functions

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Design and analysis of wearable pupillometer for autonomic neuropathy of diabetic patients

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APPLIED OPTICS 2014年第29期53卷 H27-H34页

作者： Ko, Mei-Lan Chen, Yin-Yuan Ouyang, Yuan Huang, Ting-Wei Tsuen, Bi-Shiou Jeng, Wei-De Chiou, Jin-Chern Ou-Yang, Mang Natl Chiao Tung Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hsinchu Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp Hsinchu Branch Hsinchu Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Dept Elect Engn Guishan Taoyuan County Taiwan

Diabetes is a familiar disease in modern society. In the early stage of diabetes, symptoms are unobvious, but they usually induce diabetic autonomic neuropathy or, worse, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Pupillometers are effective instruments for observing human pupils. This article presents a novel wearable pupillometer design, without external light artifacts, and an embedded algorithm with blinking elimination, which investigates autonomic neuropathy through recording pupil dynamics triggered by an external sensitive invisible light source. The pupillometer is experimented on 36 healthy subjects and 10 diabetic patients under four different colors (white, red, green, and blue) as well as two different light intensities: 50 and 500 mcd. Ten parameters derived from pupil diameter, pupil response time, and pupil response speed will be evaluated for the healthy subjects and diabetic patients. The results show that three in four parameters related to pupil diameters, one in four related to light intensities, and one in two related to pupil response speed could have significant differences (p < 0.05) between healthy subjects and diabetic patients. These parameters obtain over 85% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 88% accuracy. The pupillometer is proven reliable, effective, portable, and inexpensive for diagnosing diabetes in an early stage. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America

关键词： Blood image processing image processing algorithms Light intensity Light sources Pupil

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Adaptive method of dim small object detection with heavy clutter

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APPLIED OPTICS 2013年第10期52卷 D64-D74页

作者： Meng, Wei Jin, Tao Zhao, Xinwei Zhejiang Univ Dept Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

This paper investigates an adaptive method of dim small target detection in infrared images with a complex background. We analyze in depth the characteristics of the background, the target, and the noise in the gray intensity, space and frequency domain of the images. The modified top-hat transformation using interrelated structuring elements is adopted to adaptively detect the darker and the brighter targets and greatly suppress the cluttered background. Lateral pattern inhibition enhances the local contrast ratio and simultaneously identifies the targets of interest. The automatic threshold is used to enhance real dim targets in the cluttered background. A simulation based on the proposed algorithm is carried out and the results prove that the algorithm is effective and valid. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America

关键词： Genetic algorithms image processing image processing algorithms Joint transform correlators Object detection Signal processing

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Problems testing diffractive intraocular lenses with Shack-Hartmann sensors

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APPLIED OPTICS 2010年第16期49卷 D62-D68页

作者： Schwiegerling, Jim DeHoog, Edward Univ Arizona Tucson AZ 85711 USA Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona Biomed Engn Program Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors have found widespread application for testing ocular aberrations. These sensors provide an accurate map of the wavefront emerging from an eye in most cases. However, there is a growing class of patients with diffractive intraocular lenses that will potentially be measured incorrectly with Shack-Hartmann devices. We explore the pitfalls of measuring diffractive lenses with this technology. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

关键词： Contact lenses Crystalline lens Diffraction efficiency Diffractive lenses image processing algorithms Refractive surgery

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Comparison and evaluation of geometric calibration methods for infrared cameras to perform metric measurements on a plane

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APPLIED OPTICS 2018年第18期57卷 D1-D10页

作者： Usamentiaga, R. Ibarra-Castanedo, C. Maldague, X. Univ Oviedo Dept Comp Sci & Engn Gijon 33204 Spain Laval Univ Comp Vis & Syst Lab Quebec City PQ G1 V 0A6 Canada

Geometric information from infrared images can complement the information about the measured infrared radiation. However, this requires geometric camera calibration. In this work, three calibration methods for infrared cameras are compared: a direct and an iterative estimation of the transformation between image and world coordinates and a complete camera calibration method using a specifically designed calibration target. The three methods are compared and the obtained performance for metric measurements on a plane is evaluated. The results indicate acceptable performance in the three cases, with the complete method clearly outperforming the two others with an average error of only 0.060 mm, which represents 0.08% error of the measured distance. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America

关键词： Camera calibration image processing algorithms Infrared imaging Infrared radiation Nondestructive testing Visible light

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Homography estimation from a single-point correspondence using template matching and particle swarm optimization

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APPLIED OPTICS 2022年第7期61卷 D63-D74页

作者： Diaz-Ramirez, Victor H. Juarez-Salazar, Rigoberto Zheng, Juan Hernandez-Beltran, Jose Enrique Marquez, Andres Inst Politecn Nacl CITEDI Ave Inst Politecn Nacl 1310 Tijuana 22435 BC Mexico CONACYT Inst Politecn Nacl CITEDI Ave Inst Politecn Nacl 1310 Tijuana 22435 BC Mexico Univ Alicante Dept Fis Ingn Sistemas & Teoria Senal Ap 99 Alicante 03080 Spain Univ Alicante IU Fis Aplicada Ciencias & Tecnol Ap 99 Alicante 03080 Spain

Existing feature-based methods for homography estimation require several point correspondences in two images of a planar scene captured from different perspectives. These methods are sensitive to outliers, and their effectiveness depends strongly on the number and accuracy of the specified points. This work presents an iterative method for homography estimation that requires only a single-point correspondence. The homography parameters are estimated by solving a search problem using particle swarm optimization, by maximizing a match score between a projective transformed fragment of the input image using the estimated homography and a matched filter constructed from the reference image, while minimizing the reprojection error. The proposed method can estimate accurately a homography from a single-point correspondence, in contrast to existing methods, which require at least four points. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested and discussed in terms of objective measures by processing several synthetic and experimental projective transformed images. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group

关键词： Camera calibration image processing image processing algorithms Matched filtering Neural networks Virtual reality

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Blind image quality assessment through anisotropy

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JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS image SCIENCE AND VISION 2007年第12期24卷 B42-B51页

作者： Gabarda, Salvador Cristobal, Gabriel CSIC Inst Opt Daza de Valdes Madrid 28006 Spain

We describe an innovative methodology for determining the quality of digital images. The method is based on measuring the variance of the expected entropy of a given image upon a set of predefined directions. Entropy can be calculated on a local basis by using a spatial/spatial-frequency distribution as an approximation for a probability density function. The generalized Renyl entropy and the normalized pseudo-Wigner distribution (PWD) have been selected for this purpose. As a consequence, a pixel-by-pixel entropy value can be calculated, and therefore entropy histograms can be generated as well. The variance of the expected entropy is measured as a function of the directionality, and it has been taken as an anisotropy indicator. For this purpose, directional selectivity can be attained by using an oriented 1-D PWD implementation. Our main purpose is to show how such an anisotropy measure can be used as a metric to assess both the fidelity and quality of images. Experimental results show that an index such as this presents some desirable features that resemble those from an ideal image quality function, constituting a suitable quality index for natural images. Namely, in-focus, noise-free natural images have shown a maximum of this metric in comparison with other degraded, blurred, or noisy versions. This result provides a way of identifying in-focus, noise-free images from other degraded versions, allowing an automatic and nonreference classification of images according to their relative quality It is also shown that the new measure is well correlated with classical reference metrics such as the peak signal-to-noise ratio. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America

关键词： image processing image processing algorithms image quality image quality assessment Imaging noise Visual system

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Editorial for the Special Issue "Estimation of Crop Phenotyping Traits using Unmanned Ground Vehicle and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle imagery"

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REMOTE SENSING 2020年第6期12卷 940-940页

作者： Jin, Xiuliang Li, Zhenhai Atzberger, Clement Chinese Acad Agr Sci Inst Crop Sci Key Lab Crop Physiol & Ecol Minist Agr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China NERCITA Beijing 100097 Peoples R China Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci BOKU Inst Geomat Peter Jordan Str 82 A-1190 Vienna Austria

High-throughput crop phenotyping is harnessing the potential of genomic resources for the genetic improvement of crop production under changing climate conditions. As global food security is not yet assured, crop phenotyping has received increased attention during the past decade. This spectral issue (SI) collects 30 papers reporting research on estimation of crop phenotyping traits using unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. Such platforms were previously not widely available. The special issue includes papers presenting recent advances in the field, with 22 UAV-based papers and 12 UGV-based articles. The special issue covers 16 RGB sensor papers, 11 papers on multi-spectral imagery, and further 4 papers on hyperspectral and 3D data acquisition systems. A total of 13 plants' phenotyping traits, including morphological, structural, and biochemical traits are covered. Twenty different data processing and machine learning methods are presented. In this way, the special issue provides a good overview regarding potential applications of the platforms and sensors, to timely provide crop phenotyping traits in a cost-efficient and objective manner. With the fast development of sensors technology and image processing algorithms, we expect that the estimation of crop phenotyping traits supporting crop breeding scientists will gain even more attention in the future.

关键词： crop phenotyping traits unmanned ground vehicle unmanned aerial vehicle image processing algorithms segmentation classification machine learning different sensors data data assimilation

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