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Mean shift clustering-based moving object segmentation in the H.264 compressed domain

IET image PROCESSING 2010年第1期4卷 11-18页

作者： Fei, W. Zhu, S. Marvell Technol Shanghai Ltd Shanghai 201203 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

This study presents a mean shift clustering-based moving object segmentation approach in the H. 264 compressed domain. The motion information extracted from H. 264 compressed video, including motion vectors (MVs) and partitioned block size, are used as segmentation cues. The MVs are processed by normalisation, weighted 3D median filter and motion compensation to obtain a reliable and salient MV field. The partitioned block size is used as a measure of motion texture in the process of the MV field. Based on the processed MV field, the authors employ the mean shift-based mode seeking in spatial, temporal and range domain to develop a new approach for compact representation of the MV field. Then, the MV field is segmented into different motion-homogenous regions by clustering the modes with small spatial and range distance, and each object is represented by some dominant modes. Experimental results for several H. 264 compressed video sequences demonstrate good performance and efficiency of the proposed segmentation approach.

关键词： median filters video coding motion information mean shift clustering H.264 compressed video image and video coding motion compensation moving object segmentation Other topics in statistics partitioned block size weighted 3D median filter motion vector data compression estimation theory image segmentation video signal processing

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Efficient computation of correlation coefficient using negative reference in template matching applications

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IET image PROCESSING 2012年第2期6卷 197-204页

作者： Bilal, M. Masud, S. Lahore Univ Management Sci Dept Comp Sci & Engn Sect U DHA Lahore 54792 Pakistan

Design and implementation of a new early termination algorithm for efficient calculation of correlation coefficient for template matching is presented. The proposed algorithm correlates the candidates against 'negative' (bit-inverted) version of reference instead of the original to implement a low cost early termination criterion. Around 10% computational savings have been demonstrated while using the proposed algorithm to compute normalised correlation as error metric for motion estimation in software implementation of H.264 video encoder. The algorithm lends itself to efficient hardware implementation because of its simple cost function. Further hardware savings have been realised by noting that the multiplication products generated by the proposed negative reference correlation algorithm tend to have low magnitudes with significantly less variance than those generated by other schemes. This allows a low-precision summation stage to accumulate majority of the multiplication products without losing the precision of results. Results of the hardware implementation on Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA have been provided. The overall design is shown to consume around 85% less logic resources and operate at 140% higher speed than existing architectures.

关键词： early termination algorithm data compression H.264 video encoder field programmable gate arrays Computer vision and image processing techniques image and video coding correlation coefficient low-precision summation stage motion estimation Logic circuits image matching template matching video coding Logic and switching circuits Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA negative reference correlation algorithm video signal processing correlation methods low cost early termination criterion

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Reconfigurable system-on-a-chip motion estimation architecture for multi-standard video coding

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IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2010年第5期4卷 349-364页

作者： Lu, L. McCanny, J. V. Sezer, S. Queens Univ Belfast Inst Elect Commun & Informat Technol ECIT Sch Elect Elect Engn & Comp Sci Belfast BT3 9DT Antrim North Ireland

A new domain-specific, reconfigurable system-on-a-chip (SoC) architecture is proposed for video motion estimation. This has been designed to cover most of the common block-based video coding standards, including MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264, WMV-9 and AVS. The architecture exhibits simple control, high throughput and relatively low hardware cost when compared with existing circuits. It can also easily handle flexible search ranges without any increase in silicon area and can be configured prior to the start of the motion estimation process for a specific standard. The computational rates achieved make the circuit suitable for high-end video processing applications, such as HDTV. Silicon design studies indicate that circuits based on this approach incur only a relatively small penalty in terms of power dissipation and silicon area when compared with implementations for specific standards. Indeed, the cost/performance achieved exceeds that of existing but specific solutions and greatly exceeds that of general purpose field programmable gate array (FPGA) designs.

关键词： video coding computational rates power dissipation video signal processing monolithic integrated circuits reconfigurable architectures code standards Microprocessor chips image and video coding silicon design system-on-chip motion estimation Microprocessors and microcomputers Semiconductor integrated circuit design, layout, modelling and testing reconfigurable system-on-a-chip motion estimation architecture high-end video processing applications block-based video coding standards integrated circuit design multistandard video coding Computer architecture silicon area flexible search ranges block codes

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Fast depth intra coding based on texture feature and spatio-temporal correlation in 3D-HEVC

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IET image PROCESSING 2021年第1期15卷 206-217页

作者： Li, Tiansong Yu, Li Wang, Hongkui Chen, Yamei Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Elect Informat & Commun Wuhan Peoples R China

To alleviate the computation burden of the depth intra coding in 3D-HEVC, a complexity reduction scheme based on texture feature and spatio-temporal correlation is proposed. Firstly, a maximum splitting depth layer decision algorithm is proposed to reduce unnecessary splitting depth layer of the coding tree unit utilising the information of the previous encoded I frame in the same view. Secondly, a new texture complexity model is built by pixel-based statistical method combined with edge detection. Based on the proposed model, the coding unit block is divided into the smooth block, texture or edge block. On the coding unit level, an early termination of coding unit splitting algorithm for smooth blocks is proposed to filter out unnecessary coding blocks. Thirdly, on the predicting unit level, a fast candidate mode decision algorithm considering predicting unit's types and spatial correlation is proposed to decide the candidate mode list directly. Experimental results describe that the proposed algorithm reduces 53.8% depth intra coding time on average, with 0.43% BD-rate loss on synthesised views.

关键词： image and video coding image recognition Computer vision and image processing techniques video signal processing Other topics in statistics Other topics in statistics

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Algorithm for hierarchical vector quantisation of video data

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-VISION image AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1999年第4期146卷 222-228页

作者： Cockshott, P Lambert, R Univ Glasgow Dept Comp Sci Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Univ Strathclyde Dept Comp Sci Glasgow G1 1XH Lanark Scotland

A recursive algorithm is presented that is designed to construct quantisation tables and codebooks for the hierarchical vector quantisation of images. The algorithm is computationally inexpensive and yields high quali... 详细信息

关键词： quantisation tables high quality codebooks hierarchical vector quantisation algorithm computationally inexpensive algorithm video signal processing computational complexity video coding image quantisation video data table lookup Data handling techniques codebooks vector quantisation image compression image and video coding recursive algorithm

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Encoding of colour images using adaptive decimation and interpolation

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-VISION image AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 1999年第1期146卷 50-56页

作者： Tsang, PWM Lee, WT City Univ Hong Kong Dept Elect Engn Kowloon Tong Peoples R China

A low-complexity colour image compression scheme based on adaptive decimation is considered. Reconstruction of the encoded image is performed with an intelligent edge prediction algorithm which is capable of maintaining a reasonable coding fidelity, as well as a natural and pleasant visual effect for the object contours contained in the picture. The method involves only a small amount of computation in both the encoding and decoding processes and hence can be implemented to operate in real time with simple hardware and a small amount of memory storage. Results obtained by applying the proposed scheme for encoding colour images at high compression ratio are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and its potential in practical applications.

关键词： colour image encoding adaptive signal processing data compression real time operation image sampling coding fidelity low-complexity colour image compression visual effect object contours intelligent edge prediction algorithm Computer vision and image processing techniques high compression ratio image coding edge detection Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) adaptive decimation uniform sampling memory storage decoding image colour analysis interpolation image and video coding image reconstruction

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image compression using wavelets and JPEG2000: a tutorial

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2002年第3期14卷 112-121页

作者： Lawson, S Zhu, J Univ Warwick Sch Engn Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England

The demand for higher and higher quality images transmitted quickly over the Internet has led to a strong need to develop better algorithms for the filtering and coding of such images. The introduction of the JPEG2000 compression standard has meant that for the first time the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is to be used for the decomposition and reconstruction of images together with an efficient coding scheme. The use of wavelets implies the use of subband coding in which the image is iteratively decomposed into high- and low-frequency bands. Thus there is a need for filter pairs at both the analysis and synthesis stages. This paper aims in tutorial form to introduce the DWT, to illustrate its link with filters and filterbanks and to illustrate how it may be used as part of an image coding algorithm. It concludes with a look at the qualitative differences between images coded using JPEG2000 and those coded using the existing JPEG standard.

关键词： Integral transforms in numerical analysis tutorial image decomposition filtering subband coding high-frequency bands discrete wavelet transform filtering theory data compression Internet JPEG2000 FIR filters image coding low-frequency bands Computer vision and image processing techniques image compression filterbanks image reconstruction channel bank filters transform coding discrete wavelet transforms image and video coding Filtering methods in signal processing DWT

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引用

IET image PROCESSING 2021年第12期15卷 2770-2786页

作者： Aouissaoui, Ichraf Bakir, Toufik Sakly, Anis Univ Monastir Natl Engn Sch Lab Automat & Elect Syst & Environm Monastir Tunisia Univ Burgundy Lab Imaging & Artificial Vis 9 Ave Alain Savary BP Dijon France

Medical images include confidential and sensitive information about patients. Hence, ensuring the security of these images is a crucial requirement. This paper proposes an efficient and secure medical image encryption-decryption scheme based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), one-dimensional chaotic maps (tent and logistic maps), and hash functions (SHA-256 and MD5). The first part of the proposed scheme is the key generation based on the hash functions of the image and its metadata. The key then is highly related and intensely sensitive to the original image. The second part is the rotation and permutation of the first two MSB bit-plans of the medical image to reduce its black background that produces redundant DNA encoded sequences. The third part is the DNA encoding-decoding using dynamically chosen DNA rules for every 2-bit pixel value through the logistic map. Meanwhile, the confusion-diffusion is performed using the tent map and XOR operation. Simulation results and security analysis prove the good encryption effects of the proposed scheme compared to the state-of-art methods with a correlation of 6.66617e-7 and a very large key space of 2(624). Furthermore, the proposed system has a strong ability to resist various common attacks such as chosen/known-plaintext attacks and cropping/noise attacks.

关键词： Medical and biomedical uses of fields, radiations, and radioactivity health physics Cryptography image and video coding Biomedical measurement and imaging Computer vision and image processing techniques Data security Patient diagnostic methods and instrumentation Biology and medical computing

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Error-resilient SPIHT image coding

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2000年第3期36卷 208-210页

作者： Yang, SH Cheng, TC Natl Taipei Unniv Technol Inst Comp Commun & Control Taipei Taiwan

The authors develop an efficient error-resilient scheme for the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) technique, one of the most successful image compression algorithms. By partitioning the coded data sequence and adding appropriate side information, the proposed algorithm provides significantly better PSNR performance over noisy channels with a minimal increase in the coding complexity.

关键词： set partitioning in hierarchical trees image and video coding data compression coding complexity image coding error-resilient SPIHT image coding Codes appropriate side information Physics and chemistry computing physics computing error-resilient scheme coded data sequence partitioning noisy channels PSNR performance optical noise Computer vision and image processing techniques image processing and restoration image recognition

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Progressive image coding using set partitioning in hierarchical tree algorithm and embedded trellis-coded quantiser

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2001年第9期37卷 561-563页

作者： Hu, MY Tang, TB Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

A progressive image-coding algorithm that uses a combination of the set partitioning in hierarchical tree (SPIHT) algorithm and an embedded trellis-coded quantiser (E-TCQ) is proposed. Using the hierarchical quadtree structure, a significant map of coefficients is encoded. The E-TCQ is then used to refine the amplitude of the method. It is shown that this method gives good performance, with very little increase in computational complexity and storage memory.

关键词： significant map of coefficients encoding hierarchical quadtree structure image and video coding quadtrees image coding quantisation (signal) embedded trellis-coded quantiser trellis codes SPIHT algorithm progressive image-coding algorithm set partitioning in hierarchical tree algorithm Computer vision and image processing techniques computational complexity

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