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检索条件"主题词=Image processing algorithms and systems"

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Comparison of two algorithms in the automatic segmentation of blood vessels in fundus images - art. no. 69153H

Comparison of two algorithms in the automatic segmentation o...

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Medical Imaging 2008 Conference

作者： LeAnder, Robert Chowdary, Myneni Sushma Mokkapati, Swapnasri Umbaugh, Scott E. So Illinois Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Edwardsville IL 62026 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819470997

Effective timing and treatment are critical to saving the sight of patients with diabetes. Lack of screening, as well as a shortage of ophthalmologists, help contribute to approximately 8,000 cases per year of people who lose their sight to diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of new cases of blindness [1] [2]. Timely treatment for diabetic retinopathy-prevents severe vision loss in over 50% of eyes tested [1]. Fundus images can provide information for detecting and monitoring eye-related diseases, like diabetic retinopathy, which if detected early, may help prevent vision loss. Damaged blood vessels can indicate the presence of diabetic retinopathy [9]. So, early detection of damaged vessels in retinal images can provide valuable information about the presence-of disease, thereby helping to prevent vision loss. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two blood vessel segmentation algorithms. Methods: Fifteen fundus images from the STARE database were used to develop two algorithms using the CVIPtools software environment. Another set of fifteen images were derived from the first fifteen and contained ophthalmologists' hand-drawn tracings over the retinal vessels. The ophthalmologists' tracings were used, as the "gold standard" for perfect segmentation and compared with the segmented images that were output by the two algorithms. Comparisons between the segmented and the hand-drawn images were made using Pratt's Figure of Merit (FOM), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Root Mean Square (RMS) Error. Results: Algorithm 2 has an FOM that is 10% higher than Algorithm 1. Algorithm 2 has a 6%-higher SNR than Algorithm 1. Algorithm 2 has only 1.3% more RMS error than Algorithm 1. Conclusions: Algorithm I extracted most of the blood vessels with some missing intersections and bifurcations. Algorithm 2 extracted all the major blood vessels, but eradicated some vessels as well. Algorithm 2 outperformed Algorithm I in terms of visual clarity, FOM

关键词： image segmentation Signal to noise ratio Blood vessels image processing algorithms and systems Detection and tracking algorithms Binary data image filtering Edge detection Databases Hough transforms

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ACTIVE image SEGMENTATION USING A CAMERA AND A RANGE FINDER

ACTIVE IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING A CAMERA AND A RANGE FINDER

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CONF ON APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1993 : MACHINE VISION AND ROBOTICS ( PREPRINTS )

作者： JASIOBEDZKI, P Univ. of Toronto (Canada)

ISBN: (纸本)0819412007

This paper describes an image segmentation algorithm and the results obtained using a specially designed robotic head. The head consists of a camera and a laser range-finder mounted on a pan & tilt unit. Additional distance measuring capabilities, offered by the head, have been integrated into the segmentation process. The described method will be used for detecting visual landmarks by an autonomous mobile robot.

关键词： image segmentation Head Cameras Distance measurement Artificial intelligence Sensors Visualization Calibration image processing image processing algorithms and systems

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Automatic plaque characterization and vessel wall segmentation in magnetic resonance images of atherosclerotic carotid arteries

Automatic plaque characterization and vessel wall segmentati...

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Medical Imaging 2004 Conference

作者： Adame, IM van der Geest, RJ Wasserman, BA Mohamed, M Reiber, JH Lelieveldt, BPF Leiden Univ Med Ctr Dept Radiol Div Image Proc Leiden Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819452831

Composition and structure of atherosclerotic plaque is a primary focus of cardiovascular research. In vivo MRI provides a means to non-invasively image and assess the morphological features of atherosclerotic and normal human carotid arteries. To quantitatively assess the vulnerability and the type of plaque, the contours of the lumen, outer boundary of the vessel wall and plaque components, need to be traced. To achieve this goal, we have developed an automated contour detection technique, which consists of three consecutive steps: firstly, the outer boundary of the vessel wall is detected by means of an ellipse-fitting procedure in order to obtain smoothed shapes;secondly, the lumen is segmented using fuzzy clustering. The region to be classified is that within the outer vessel wall boundary obtained from the previous step;finally, for plaque detection we follow the same approach as for lumen segmentation: fuzzy clustering. However, plaque is more difficult to segment, as the pixel gray value can differ considerably from one region to another. even when it corresponds to the same type of tissue. That makes further processing necessary. All these three steps might be carried out combining information from different sequences (PD-, T2-, T1-weighted images, pre- and post-contrast), to improve the contour detection. The algorithm has been validated in vivo on 58 high-resolution PD and T1 weighted MR images (19 patients). The results demonstrate excellent correspondence between automatic and manual area measurements: lumen (r=0.94), outer (r=0.92), and acceptable for fibrous cap thickness (r=0.76).

关键词： image segmentation Magnetic resonance imaging In vivo imaging Tissues Arteries Fuzzy logic image quality image processing image processing algorithms and systems Magnetism

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FAST PIECEWISE CONSTANT APPROXIMATION OF imageS

FAST PIECEWISE CONSTANT APPROXIMATION OF IMAGES

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CONF ON VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS AND image processing : VISUAL COMMUNICATIONS

作者： RADHA, H VETTERLI, M LEONARDI, R AT&T Bell Labs. and Columbia Univ. (United States) Columbia Univ. (Switzerland) AT&T Bell Labs. (Italy)

ISBN: (纸本)0819407429

In this work, we present a Least-Square-Error (LSE), recursive method for generating piecewise -con stant approximations of images. The method is developed using an optimization approach to minimize a cost function. The cost function, proposed here, is based on segmenting the image, recursively, using Binary Space Partitionings (BSPs) of the image domain. We derive a LSE necessary condition for the optimum piece wise-constant approximation, and use this condition to develop an algorithm for generating the LSE, BSP-based approximation. The proposed algorithm provides a significant reduction in the computational expense when compared with a brute force method. As shown in the paper, the LSE algorithm generates efficient segmentations of simple as well as complex images. This shows the potential of the LSE approximation approach for image coding applications. Moreover, the BSP-based segmentation provides a very simple (yet flexible) description of the regions resulting from the partitioning. This makes the proposed approximation method useful for performing image affine transformations (e.g., rotation and scaling) which are common in computer graphics applications.

关键词： image segmentation Visual communications image compression image processing algorithms and systems Algorithm development image processing Neodymium Silicon Information operations Tellurium

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Hands Segmentation algorithms for Colour and Graylevel images

Hands Segmentation Algorithms for Colour and Graylevel Image...

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Conference on Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments

作者： Jedryka, Marcin Skarbek, Wladyslaw Warsaw Univ Technol Inst Radioelect Televis Div PL-00661 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819478139

The paper presents algorithms for hands segmentation in digital images. Two approaches has be analyzed - segmentation from images with full colour information and images with reduced colour information. The testing data used for analysis of algorithms using colour information were videos recorded on Technical University of Warsaw with HD camera. The videos with reduced colour information were acquired for the purpose of Visnet II project, using camera with a filter which reduced colour information.

关键词： image segmentation Skin image processing algorithms and systems Video RGB color model Cameras Binary data Data modeling image analysis Optical filters

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image COMPRESSION FOR DIGITAL VIDEO TAPE-RECORDING WITH HIGH-SPEED PLAYBACK CAPABILITY 2

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CONF ON image processing algorithms AND TECHNIQUES

作者： WU, SW GERSHO, A Univ. of California/Santa Barbara (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819405515

In a digital video tape recorder (DVTR), the video data are stored serially on a sequence of parallel scan tracks running obliquely across the tape. In normal playback, the read heads scan along each track sequentially, while fast-forward is realized by a special subsampling process in which the read heads sweep across multiple tracks per scan and pick up a segment of data from each track to generate a patchwork quilt of subimages taken from successive fields. An image compression algorithm for DVTR is required to conform to the storage format implied by this fast-forward mechanism. Thus, a field of video is partitioned into a small number of subimages, each independently coded with a fixed number of bits. This requirement excludes the use of interframe coding and most variable-rate coding algorithms. We propose a new image coding algorithm that retains the efficiency of variable-rate coding while the above requirement is satisfied. In this algorithm a subimage is partitioned into non-overlapping 8 X 8 blocks, and each block is coded progressively by DCT and Vector Quantization to generate a finite set of candidate output blocks covering a range of bit rates. A procedure based on the Lagrange Multiplier method is used to select one of the candidate outputs for each 8 X 8 block such that the overall distortion is minimized subject to the constraint on the bit rate. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of this algorithm in image compression for DVTRs.

关键词： image segmentation image compression Digital video recorders Video compression Video Distortion image processing algorithms and systems image processing Head Computer programming

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SAR image Segmentation Based on the Two-dimensional Pseudo Wigner-Ville Distribution

SAR Image Segmentation Based on the Two-dimensional Pseudo W...

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International Conference on Space Information Technology 2009

作者： Liu Cong Li Yanjun Zhang Ke NW Polytech Univ Sch Astronaut Xian 710072 Shaanxi Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480798

The multiplicative nature of the speckle noise in SAR images is a big problem in SAR image segmentation. A novel method of automatic segmentation of local SAR images based on the two-dimensional (2D) Pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (PWVD) is proposed. Firstly, we put emphasis on the problem of expensive cost and the interference of cross terms to SAR image segmentation. Then, we propose local 2D-PWVD transform to SAR image. The resultant data can be arranged as N energy maps which have the same size as original image making use of 2D local energy maps of every pixel of original image. The different processing to the resultant data in frequency dimension is adopted according to different energy maps. Finally, the marker region image is formed by virtue of adding the filtered energy maps. The segmentation experiment for MSTAR chips are taken and the comparison between segmentation image of our method and segmentation image of min error, between segmentation image of our method and segmentation image of max energy algorithm have been made. The result shows that the segmentation image of our method obtained by the presented algorithm preserves the abundant detail information of source so as to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

关键词： image segmentation Synthetic aperture radar image processing algorithms and systems image processing image analysis Data modeling image filtering Lithium Speckle Target recognition

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A new approach to limited angle tomography using the compressed sensing framework

A new approach to limited angle tomography using the compres...

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Conference on Medical Imaging - Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Ritschl, Ludwig Bergner, Frank Kachelriess, Marc Univ Erlangen Nurnberg IMP D-91052 Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819480231

The limited angle problem is a well-known problem in computed tomography. It is caused by missing data over a certain angle interval, which make an inverse Radon transform impossible. In daily routine this problem can arise for example in tomosynthesis, C-arm CT or dental CT. In the last years there has been a big development in the field of compressed sensing algorithms in computed tomography, which deal very good with incomplete data. The most popular way is to integrate a minimal total variation norm in form of a cost function into the iteration process. To find an exact solution of such a constrained minimization problem, computationally very demanding higher order algorithms should be used. Due to the non perfect sparsity of the total variation representation, reconstructions often show the so called staircase effect. The method proposed here uses the solutions of the iteration process as an estimation for the missing angle data. Compared to a pure compressed sensing-based algorithm we reached much better results within the same number of iterations and could eliminate the staircase effect. The algorithm is evaluated using measured clinical datasets.

关键词： image segmentation Reconstruction algorithms image processing algorithms and systems Compressed sensing Computed tomography Data analysis Tomography Algorithm development Radon transform Bone

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Automated Cellular Pathology in Noninvasive Confocal Microscopy

Automated Cellular Pathology in Noninvasive Confocal Microsc...

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Conference on Optical Biopsy XII

作者： Ting, Monica Krueger, James Gareau, Daniel Rockefeller Univ Lab Invest Dermatol New York NY 10065 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819498533

A computer algorithm was developed to automatically identify and count melanocytes and keratinocytes in 3D reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images of the skin. Computerized pathology increases our understanding and enables prevention of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). Machine learning involved looking at the images to measure the size of cells through a 2-D Fourier transform and developing an appropriate mask with the erf() function to model the cells. Implementation involved processing the images to identify cells whose image segments provided the least difference when subtracted from the mask. With further simplification of the algorithm, the program may be directly implemented on the RCM images to indicate the presence of keratinocytes in seconds and to quantify the keratinocytes size in the en face plane as a function of depth. Using this system, the algorithm can identify any irregularities in maturation and differentiation of keratinocytes, thereby signaling the possible presence of cancer.

关键词： image segmentation Confocal microscopy Melanoma Skin Spatial frequencies Algorithm development Fourier transforms image processing algorithms and systems Reflectivity Pathology

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A Statistical approach to line segmentation in handwritten documents

A Statistical approach to line segmentation in handwritten d...

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Conference on Document Recognition and Retrieval XIV

作者： Arivazhagan, Manivannan Srinivasan, Harish Srihari, Sargur SUNY Buffalo CEDAR Amherst NY 14228 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819466136

A new technique to segment a handwritten document into distinct lines of text is presented. Line segmentation is the first and the most critical pre-processing step for a document recognition/analysis task. The proposed algorithm starts, by obtaining an initial set of candidate lines from the piece-wise projection profile of the document. The lines traverse around any obstructing handwritten connected component by associating it to the line above or below. A decision of associating such a component is made by (i) modeling the lines as bivariate Gaussian densities and evaluating the probability of the component under each Gaussian or (ii) the probability obtained from a distance metric. The proposed method is robust to handle skewed documents and those with lines running into each other. Experimental results show that on 720 documents (which includes English,Arabic and children's handwriting) containing a total of 11, 581 lines, 97.31 % of the lines were segmented correctly. On an experiment over 200 handwritten images with 78, 902 connected components, 98.81 % of them were associated to the correct lines.

关键词： image segmentation Detection and tracking algorithms image processing algorithms and systems Mirrors Switches Binary data Electronic imaging Matrices Statistical analysis Statistical modeling

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