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Ontology-based heuristic patent search

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2019年第3期15卷 258-284页

作者： Cong-Phuoc Phan Hong-Quang Nguyen Tan-Tai Nguyen Int Univ Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam HCMI Int Univ Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

Purpose Large collections of patent documents disclosing novel, non-obvious technologies are publicly available and beneficial to academia and industries. To maximally exploit its potential, searching these patent documents has increasingly become an important topic. Although much research has processed a large size of collections, a few studies have attempted to integrate both patent classifications and specifications for analyzing user queries. Consequently, the queries are often insufficiently analyzed for improving the accuracy of search results. This paper aims to address such limitation by exploiting semantic relationships between patent contents and their classification. Design/methodology/approach The contributions are fourfold. First, the authors enhance similarity measurement between two short sentences and make it 20 per cent more accurate. Second, the Graph-embedded Tree ontology is enriched by integrating both patent documents and classification scheme. Third, the ontology does not rely on rule-based method or text matching;instead, an heuristic meaning comparison to extract semantic relationships between concepts is applied. Finally, the patent search approach uses the ontology effectively with the results sorted based on their most common order. Findings The experiment on searching for 600 patent documents in the field of Logistics brings better 15 per cent in terms of F-Measure when compared with traditional approaches. Social implications High quality of patent search results will reduce the patent infringement. Originality/value The proposed ontology is semantically enriched by integrating both patent documents and their classification. This ontology facilitates the analysis of the user queries for enhancing the accuracy of the patent search results.

关键词： Managing and storing xml data indexing and retrieval of xml data Metadata and ontologies

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Path-based keyword search over xml streams

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2015年第3期11卷 347-369页

作者： Bou, Savong Amagasa, Toshiyuki Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Univ Tsukuba Grad Sch Syst & Informat Engn Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Univ Tsukuba Fac Engn Informat & Syst Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

Purpose - In purpose of this paper is to propose a novel scheme to process XPath-based keyword search over Extensible Markup Language (xml) streams, where one can specify query keywords and XPath-based filtering conditions at the same time. Experimental results prove that our proposed scheme can efficiently and practically process XPath-based keyword search over xml streams. Design/methodology/approach - To allow XPath-based keyword search over xml streams, it was attempted to integrate YFilter (Diao et al., 2003) with CKStream (Hummel et al., 2011). More precisely, the nondeterministic finite automation (NFA) of YFilter is extended so that keyword matching at text nodes is supported. Next, the stack data structure is modified by integrating set of NFA states in YFilter with bitmaps generated from set of keyword queries in CKStream. Findings - Extensive experiments were conducted using both synthetic and real data set to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the proposed method was better than the baseline method (CKStream), while it consumed less memory. Moreover, the proposed scheme showed good scalability with respect to the number of queries. Originality/value - Due to the rapid diffusion of xml streams, the demand for querying such information is also growing. In such a situation, the ability to query by combining XPath and keyword search is important, because it is easy to use, but powerful means to query xml streams. However, none of existing works has addressed this issue. This work is to cope with this problem by combining an existing XPath-based YFilter and a keyword-search-based CKStream for xml streams to enable XPath-based keyword search.

关键词： Web search and information extraction Applications of web mining and searching indexing and retrieval of xml data

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Facet-value extraction scheme from textual contents in xml data

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2015年第3期11卷 270-290页

作者： Komamizu, Takahiro Amagasa, Toshiyuki Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Univ Tsukuba Ctr Computat Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Univ Tsukuba Fac Engn Informat & Syst Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to extract appropriate terms to summarize the current results in terms of the contents of textual facets. Faceted search on xml data helps users find necessary information from xml data by giving attribute-content pairs (called facet-value pair) about the current search results. However, if most of the contents of a facet have longer texts in average (such facets are called textual facets), it is not easy to overview the current results. Design/methodology/approach - The proposed approach is based upon subsumption relationships of terms among the contents of a facet. The subsumption relationship can be extracted using co-occurrences of terms among a number of documents (in this paper, a content of a facet is considered as a document). Subsumption relationships compose hierarchies, and the authors utilize the hierarchies to extract facet-values from textual facets. In the faceted search context, users have ambiguous search demands, they expect broader terms. Thus, we extract high-level terms in the hierarchies as facet-values. Findings - The main findings of this paper are the extracted terms improve users' search experiences, especially in cases when the search demands are ambiguous. Originality/value - An originality of this paper is the way to utilize the textual contents of xml data for improving users' search experiences on faceted search. The other originality is how to design the tasks to evaluate exploratory search like faceted search.

关键词： Managing and storing xml data Applications of Web mining and searching indexing and retrieval of xml data

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Effective keyword query structuring using NER for xml retrieval

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2015年第1期11卷 33-53页

作者： Roko, Abubakar Doraisamy, Shyamala Jantan, Azrul Hazri Azman, Azreen Univ Putra Malaysia Dept Multimedia Serdang 43400 Malaysia

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate XKQSS, a query structuring method that relegates the task of generating structured queries from a user to a search engine while retaining the simple keyword search query interface. A more effective way for searching xml database is to use structured queries. However, using query languages to express queries prove to be difficult for most users since this requires learning a query language and knowledge of the underlying data schema. On the other hand, the success of Web search engines has made many users to be familiar with keyword search and, therefore, they prefer to use a keyword search query interface to search xml data. Design/methodology/approach - Existing query structuring approaches require users to provide structural hints in their input keyword queries even though their interface is keyword base. Other problems with existing systems include their inability to put keyword query ambiguities into consideration during query structuring and how to select the best generated structure query that best represents a given keyword query. To address these problems, this study allows users to submit a schema independent keyword query, use named entity recognition (NER) to categorize query keywords to resolve query ambiguities and compute semantic information for a node from its data content. Algorithms were proposed that find user search intentions and convert the intentions into a set of ranked structured queries. Findings - Experiments with Sigmod and IMDB datasets were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The experimental result shows that the XKQSS is about 20 per cent more effective than XReal in terms of return nodes identification, a state-of-art systems for xml retrieval. Originality/value - Existing systems do not take keyword query ambiguities into account. XKSS consists of two guidelines based on NER that help to resolve these ambiguities before converting the submitted query.

关键词： Managing and storing xml data indexing and retrieval of xml data Metadata and ontologies

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Finding target and constraint concepts for xml query construction

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2015年第4期11卷 468-490页

作者： Gan, Keng Hoon Phang, Keat Keong Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Comp Sci George Town Malaysia Univ Malaya Fac Comp Sci & Informat Technol Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Purpose - This paper aims to focus on automatic selection of two important structural concepts required in an xml query, namely, target and constraint concepts, when given a keywords query. Due to the diversities of concepts used in xml resources, it is not easy to select a correct concept when constructing an xml query. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper, a Context-based Term Weighting model that performs term weighting based on part of documents. Each part represents a specific context, thus offering better capturing of concept and term relationship. For query time analysis, a Query Context Graph and two algorithms, namely, Select Target and Constraint (QC) and Select Target and Constraint (QCAS) are proposed to find the concepts for constructing xml query. Findings - Evaluations were performed using structured document for conference domain. For constraint concept selection, the approach CTX + TW achieved better result than its baseline, NCTX, when search term has ambiguous meanings by using context- based scoring for the concepts. CTX + TW also shows its stability on various scoring models like BM25, TFIEF and LM. For target concept selection, CTX + TW outperforms the standard baseline, SLCA, whereas it also records higher coverage than FCA, when structural keywords are used in query. Originality/value - The idea behind this approach is to capture the concepts required for term interpretation based on parts of the collections rather than the entire collection. This allows better selection of concepts, especially when a structured xml document consists many different types of information.

关键词： Web search and information extraction Web structure/linkage mining indexing and retrieval of xml data

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On evaluating an approach for balancing the trade-off on xml schema design

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2012年第4期8卷 371-389页

作者： Schroeder, Rebeca Duarte, Denio dos Santos Mello, Ronaldo Univ Fed Parana Dept Informat Curitiba Parana Brazil Fed Univ Fronteira Sul Dept Comp Sci Chapeco Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina Dept Informat & Stat Florianopolis SC Brazil

Purpose - Designing efficient xml schemas is essential for xml applications which manage semi-structured data. On generating xml schemas, there are two opposite goals: to avoid redundancy and to provide connected structures in order to achieve good performance on queries. In general, highly connected xml structures allow data redundancy, and redundancy-free schemas generate disconnected xml structures. The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate by experiments an approach which balances such trade-off through a workload analysis. Additionally, it aims to identify the most accessed data based on the workload and suggest indexes to improve access performance. Design/methodology/approach - The paper applies and evaluates a workload-aware methodology to provide indexing and highly connected structures for data which are intensively accessed through paths traversed by the workload. Findings - The paper presents benchmarking results on a set of design approaches for xml schemas and demonstrates that the xml schemas generated by the approach provide high query performance and low cost of data redundancy on balancing the trade-off on xml schema design. Research limitations/implications - Although an xml benchmark is applied in these experiments, further experiments are expected in a real-world application. Practical implications - The approach proposed may be applied in a real-world process for designing new xml databases as well as in reverse engineering process to improve xml schemas from legacy databases. Originality/value - Unlike related work, the reported approach integrates the two opposite goal in the xml schema design, and generates suitable schemas according to a workload. An experimental evaluation shows that the proposed methodology is promising.

关键词： Web databases Performance of web applications xml logical design Workload Workload-driven methodology indexing and retrieval of xml data Information retrieval Extensible markup language

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