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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & THEORETICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1994年第1期6卷 121-130页

作者： MUGGLETON, S UNIV OXFORD COMP LABOXFORD OX1 3QDENGLAND

inductive logic programming (ILP) involves the synthesis of logic programs from examples. In terms of scientific theory formation ILP systems define observational predicates in terms of a set of theoretical predicates. However, certain basic theorems indicate that with an inadequate theoretical vocabulary this is not always possible. Predicate invention is the augmentation of a given theoretical vocabulary to allow finite axiomatization of the observational predicates. New theoretical predicates need to be chosen from a well-defined universe of such predicates. In this paper a partial order of utilization is described over such a universe. This ordering is a special case of a logical translation. The notion of utilization allows the definition of an equivalence relationship over new predicates. In a manner analogous to Plotkin, clause refinement is defined relative to given background knowledge and a universe of new predicates. It is shown that relative least clause refinement is defined and unique whenever there exists a relative least general generalization of a set of clauses. Results of a preliminary implementation of this approach are given.

关键词： logic programming MACHINE LEARNING PREDICATE INVENTION inductive logic programming

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Machine learning applications in anthropology: Automated discovery over kinship structures

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COMPUTERS AND THE HUMANITIES 1996年第6期30卷 401-406页

作者： Cunningham, SJ UNIV WAIKATO DEPT COMP SCIHAMILTONNEW ZEALAND

A common problem in anthropological field work is generalizing rules governing social interactions and relations (particularly kinship) from a series of examples. One class of machine learning algorithms is particularly well-suited to this task: inductive logic programming systems, as exemplified by FOIL. A knowledge base of relationships among individuals is established, in the form of a series of single-predicate facts. Given a set of positive and negative examples of a new relationship, the machine learning programs build a Horn clause description of the target relationship. The power of these algorithms to derive complex hypotheses is demonstrated for a set of kinship relationships drawn from the anthropological literature. FOIL extends the capabilities of earlier anthropology-specific learning programs by providing a more powerful representation for induced relationships, and is better able to learn in the face of noisy or incomplete data.

关键词： machine learning induction inductive logic programming FOIL

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The automatic discovery of structural principles describing protein fold space

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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003年第4期330卷 839-850页

作者： Cootes, AP Muggleton, SH Sternberg, MJE Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Comp London SW7 2AZ England Canc Res UK Biomol Modelling Lab London WC2A 3PX England Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med Dept Biol Sci London SW7 2AZ England Univ York Dept Comp Sci York YO1 5DD N Yorkshire England

The study of protein structure has been driven largely by the careful inspection of experimental data by human experts. However, the rapid determination of protein structures from structural-genomics projects will make it increasingly difficult to analyse (and determine the principles responsible for) the distribution of proteins in fold space by inspection alone. Here, we demonstrate a machine-learning strategy that automatically determines the structural principles describing 45 folds. The rules learnt were shown to be both statistically significant and meaningful to protein experts. With the increasing emphasis on high-throughput experimental initiatives, machine-learning and other automated methods of analysis will become increasingly important for many biological problems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： protein structure machine learning inductive logic programming fold space

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Learning rules from multisource data for cardiac monitoring

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2010年第1-2期3卷 133-155页

作者： Fromont, Elisa Quiniou, Rene Cordier, Marie-Odile Univ St Etienne Univ Lyon UMR CNRS 5516 Lab Hubert Curien 18 Rue Prof Benoit Lauras F-42000 Saint Etienne France INRIA IRISA F-35042 Rennes France Univ Rennes 1 IRISA F-35042 Rennes France

This paper formalises the concept of learning symbolic rules from multisource data in a cardiac monitoring context. Our sources, electrocardiograms and arterial blood pressure measures, describe cardiac behaviours from different viewpoints. To learn interpretable rules, we use an inductive logic programming (ILP) method. We develop an original strategy to cope with the dimensionality issues caused by using this ILP technique on a rich multisource language. The results show that our method greatly improves the feasibility and the efficiency of the process while staying accurate. They also confirm the benefits of using multiple sources to improve the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias.

关键词： multisource data ILP inductive logic programming declarative bias cardiac arrhythmias

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Isolated limb perfusion in locally advanced cutaneous melanoma

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SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY 2002年第4期29卷 400-409页

作者： Rossi, CR Foletto, M Pilati, P Mocellin, S Lise, M Univ Padua Dept Surg & Oncol Sci Clin Chiurg 2 I-35128 Padua Italy

Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a well-established locoregional procedure todeliver high doses of cytostatics to an extremity with multiple in-transit lesions from cutaneousmelanoma, with minimal systemic and mild local toxicity. This approach is quite sophisticated andrequires accurate monitoring of systemic leakage and of the temperature of the affected limb inorder to avoid major systemic and local side effects. Mephalan (L-PAM) is considered the referencedrug, although complete responses are reported in only about 50% of patients. Since the early 1990s,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was administered with melphalan in ILP aiming to improvethe therapeutic index of this procedure. However, despite the impressive results reported, its rolestill remains controversial, seemingly confined to large tumor bulk. Fotemustine ILP was proposed asa less toxic alternative to L-PAM, after the results of a pilot experience claiming similarresponse rates with less local toxicity. A formal phase 1-2 study is now underway to confirm thesefindings. More straightforward procedures, such as isolated limb infusion, are appealing, as theyseem capable of achieving good response rates, are easily repeatable, and are less costly. Largerseries are required to validate such results. As potential agents to be delivered through ILP, newvasoactive drugs and agents with new mechanisms of action that interplay with chemotherapy, as wellas virus-mediated gene therapy, are being developed.

关键词： Antineoplastic Agents Melanoma Perfusion Regional Skin Neoplasms 抗肿瘤药黑色素瘤灌注局部皮肤肿瘤 isolated limb infusion Melphalan Melanoma inductive logic programming Cytostatic Agents limb perfusion Malignant Melanoma of Skin Antineoplastic Agents Perfusion Skin Neoplasms mechanism of action

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Australian Multicenter Study of Isolated Limb Infusion for Melanoma

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ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2016年第4期23卷 1096-1103页

作者： Kroon, Hidde M. Coventry, Brendon J. Giles, Mitchell H. Henderson, Michael A. Speakman, David Wall, Mark Barbour, Andrew Serpell, Jonathan Paddle, Paul Coventry, Alexander G. J. Sullivan, Thomas Smithers, Bernard Mark Thompson, John F. Univ Adelaide Royal Adelaide Hosp Discipline Surg Adelaide SA Australia Univ Melbourne Dept Surg Peter MacCallum Canc Ctr Div Surg Oncol Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Queensland Princess Alexandra Hosp Discipline Surg Queensland Melanoma Project Brisbane Qld Australia Alfred Hosp Discipline Surg Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Adelaide Discipline Publ Hlth Stat Data Management & Anal Ctr Adelaide SA Australia Melanoma Inst Australia Sydney NSW Australia Univ Sydney Discipline Surg Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Royal Prince Alfred Hosp Dept Melanoma & Surg Oncol Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

Isolated limb infusion (ILI) offers a less invasive alternative to isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for the treatment of locally advanced extremity melanoma. In Australia, ILI has essentially completely replaced ILP. The aim of this study was to collect and evaluate the results of ILI in an Australian multicenter setting. The results of 316 first ILI procedures, performed between 1992 and 2008 in five Australian institutions, were collectively analyzed, with all five institutions using the same protocol. Melphalan was circulated in the isolated limb for 20-30 min (+/- actinomycin D). Response was determined using the World Health Organization criteria, and limb toxicity was assessed using the Wieberdink scale. The median patient age was 74 years (range 28-100) and 59 % of patients were female. Overall response rate was 75 % (complete response [CR] 33 %;partial response 42 %). Stable disease was seen in 18 % of patients and progressive disease in 7 %. Wieberdink grade III or higher was seen in 30 % of the cases. No toxicity-related amputations occurred, and median survival was 44 months. In patients with a CR, median survival was 80 months (p = 0.014). On multivariate analysis, Breslow thickness, lower-limb ILI, and a procedure performed at the Melanoma Institute Australia remained significant predictors for response, although not for survival. This Australian multicenter study of ILI is the largest reported to date. ILI is a useful technique that can be safely and effectively performed across tertiary referral centers for the successful management of advanced extremity melanoma. Increased optimization of perioperative factors might allow response rates to be raised further, while maintaining acceptable toxicity.

关键词： isolated limb infusion Melanoma inductive logic programming Australian Multicenter Study

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Transfer of Domain Knowledge in Plan Generation: Learning Goal-dependent Annulling Conditions for Actions

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KUNSTLICHE INTELLIGENZ 2014年第1期28卷 35-38页

作者： Siebers, Michael Univ Bamberg Cognit Syst Grp Fac Informat Syst & Appl Comp Sci Bamberg Germany

In this paper we present an approach to avoid dead-ends during automated plan generation. A first-order logic formula can be learned that holds in a state if the application of a specific action will lead to a dead-end. Starting from small problems within a problem domain examples of states where the application of the action will lead to a dead-end will be collected. The states will be generalized using inductive logic programming to a first-order logic formula. We will show how different notions of goal-dependence could be integrated in this approach. The formula learned will be used to speed-up automated plan generation. Furthermore, it provides insight into the planning domain under consideration.

关键词： Automated planning Learning domain knowledge Dead-end states inductive logic programming

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Multi-Dimensional Relational Sequence Mining

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FUNDAMENTA INFORMATICAE 2008年第1期89卷 23-43页

作者： Esposito, Floriana Di Mauro, Nicola Basile, Teresa M. A. Ferilli, Stefano Univ Bari Dipartimento Informat I-70125 Bari Italy

The issue addressed in this paper concerns the discovery of frequent multi-dimensional patterns from relational sequences. The great variety of applications of sequential pattern mining, such as user profiling, medicine, local weather forecast and bioinformatics, makes this problem one of the central topics in data mining. Nevertheless, sequential information may concern data on multiple dimensions and, hence, the mining of sequential patterns from multi-dimensional information results very important. In a multi-dimensional sequence each event depends on more than one dimension, such as in spatio-temporal sequences where an event may be spatially or temporally related to other events. In literature, the multi-relational data mining approach has been successfully applied to knowledge discovery from complex data. However, there exists no contribution to manage the general case of multi-dimensional data in which, for example, spatial and temporal information may co-exist. This work takes into account the possibility to mine complex patterns, expressed in a first-order language, in which events may occur along different dimensions. Specifically, multidimensional patterns are defined as a set of atomic first-order formulae in which events are explicitly represented by a variable and the relations between events are represented by a set of dimensional predicates. A complete framework and an inductive logic programming algorithm to tackle this problem are presented along with some experiments on artificial and real multi-dimensional sequences proving its effectiveness.

关键词： Multi-relational sequence mining inductive logic programming Sequence analysis

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Exploiting Answer Set programming with External Sources for Meta-Interpretive Learning

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2018年第3-4期18卷 571-588页

作者： Kaminski, Tobias Eiter, Thomas Inoue, Katsumi Tech Univ Vienna TU Wien Vienna Austria Natl Inst Informat Tokyo Japan

Meta-Interpretive Learning (MIL) learns logic programs from examples by instantiating meta-rules, which is implemented by the Metagol system based on Prolog. Viewing MIL-problems as combinatorial search problems, they can alternatively be solved by employing Answer Set programming (ASP), which may result in performance gains as a result of efficient conflict propagation. However, a straightforward ASP-encoding of MIL results in a huge search space due to a lack of procedural bias and the need for grounding. To address these challenging issues, we encode MIL in the HEX-formalism, which is an extension of ASP that allows us to outsource the background knowledge, and we restrict the search space to compensate for a procedural bias in ASP. This way, the import of constants from the background knowledge can for a given type of meta-rules be limited to relevant ones. Moreover, by abstracting from term manipulations in the encoding and by exploiting the HEX interface mechanism, the import of such constants can be entirely avoided in order to mitigate the grounding bottleneck. An experimental evaluation shows promising results.

关键词： inductive logic programming Meta-Interpretive Learning Answer Set programming

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INTERACTIVE CONCEPT-LEARNING AND CONSTRUCTIVE INDUCTION BY ANALOGY

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MACHINE LEARNING 1992年第2期8卷 107-150页

作者： DERAEDT, L BRUYNOOGHE, M 1. Department of Computer Science Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200A B-3001 Heverlee Belgium

The available concept-learners only partially fulfill the needs imposed by the learning apprentice generation of learners. We present a novel approach to inter-active concept-learning and constructive induction that better fits the requirements imposed by the learning apprentice paradigm. The approach is incorporated in the system Clint-Cia, which integrates several user-friendly features into one working whole: it is interactive, generates examples, shifts its bias, identifies concepts in the limit, copes with indirect relevance, recovers from errors, performs constructive induction and invents new concepts by analogy to previously learned ones.

关键词： inductive logic programming CONCEPT-LEARNING CONSTRUCTIVE INDUCTION EXPERIMENTATION

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