检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Approximate DCT Image Compression Using inexact computing

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 2018年第2期67卷 149-159页

作者： Almurib, Haider A. F. Kumar, Thulasiraman Nandha Lombardi, Fabrizio Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Semenyih 43500 Malaysia Northeastern Univ Dept ECE Boston MA 02115 USA

This paper proposes a new framework for digital image processing;it relies on inexact computing to address some of the challenges associated with the discrete cosine transform (DCT) compression. The proposed framework has three levels of processing;the first level uses approximate DCT for image compressing to eliminate all computational intensive floating-point multiplications and executing the DCT processing by integer additions and in some cases logical right/left shifts. The second level further reduces the amount of data (from the first level) that need to be processed by filtering those frequencies that cannot be detected by human senses. Finally, to reduce power consumption and delay, the third level introduces circuit level inexact adders to compute the DCT. For assessment, a set of standardized images are compressed using the proposed three-level framework. Different figures of merits (such as energy consumption, delay, power-signal-to-noise-ratio, average-difference, and absolute-maximum-difference) are compared to existing compression methods;an error analysis is also pursued confirming the simulation results. Results show very good improvements in reduction for energy and delay, while maintaining acceptable accuracy levels for image processing applications.

关键词： Approximate computing DCT inexact computing image compression

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Approximate computing Survey, Part I: Terminology and Software & Hardware Approximation Techniques

引用

ACM computing SURVEYS 2025年第7期57卷 1-36页

作者： Leon, Vasileios Hanif, Muhammad abdullah Armeniakos, Emi-GIORGOS Shafique, Muhammad Pekmestzi, Kiamal Soudris, Dimi trios Jiao, Xun Natl Tech Univ Athens Zografos Greece New York Univ Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates New York Univ Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Villanova Univ Villanova PA USA

The rapid growth of demanding applications in domains applying multimedia processing and machine learning has marked a new era for edge and cloud computing. These applications involve massive data and compute-intensive tasks, and thus, typical computing paradigms in embedded systems and data centers are stressed to meet the worldwide demand for high performance. Concurrently, over the last 15 years, the semiconductor industry has established power efficiency as a first-class design concern. As a result, the community of computing systems is forced to find alternative design approaches to facilitate high-performance and power-efficient computing. Among the examined solutions, Approximate computing has attracted an ever-increasing interest, which has resulted in novel approximation techniques for all the layers of the traditional computing stack. More specifically, during the last decade, a plethora of approximation techniques in software (programs, frameworks, compilers, runtimes, languages), hardware (circuits, accelerators), and architectures (processors, memories) have been proposed in the literature. The current article is Part I of a comprehensive survey on Approximate computing. It reviews its motivation, terminology, and principles, as well as it classifies the state-of-the-art software & hardware approximation techniques, presents their technical details, and reports a comparative quantitative analysis.

关键词： inexact computing approximation method approximate programming approximation framework approximate circuit approximate arithmetic error resilience accuracy Additional Key Words and Phrases

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Design of a Novel inexact 4:2 Compressor and Its Placement in the Partial Product Array for Area, Delay, and Power-Efficient Approximate Multipliers

引用

CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 2024年第6期43卷 3748-3774页

作者： Beura, Srikant Kumar Devi, Bishnulatpam Pushpa Saha, Prabir Kumar Meher, Pramod Kumar Lendi Inst Engn & Technol Vizianagaram 535003 Andhra Pradesh India Natl Inst Technol Meghalaya Shillong 793003 Meghalaya India CV Raman Global Univ Bhubaneswar 752054 Odisha India

Approximate multipliers are widely used in image processing and multimedia signal processing applications for the reduction in area, computation time, and power consumption. 4:2 compressors play a key role in multipliers for efficient addition of partial product bits. In this paper, an inexact 4:2 compressor is proposed, where a major portion of the logic associated with the generation of Carry and Sum are shared to reduce the logic/circuit complexity. During the design time overestimates are balanced with the underestimates so as to reduce the total error distance. The proposed compressor is used for the addition of partial products of the Baugh-Wooley multiplier. A novel algorithm is proposed for the placement of inexact 4:2 compressors in the partial product bit array, based on the minimum peak signal-to-noise ratio requirement of the application. The approximate multipliers thus obtained are used for edge detection using Sobel operator. It is observed from the Pareto analysis that the proposed design offers significant saving in area, computation time, and power consumption over the design with nearly the same error performance. Besides, the proposed design is more error tolerant compared with the design with nearly the same area-delay trade-off and power-delay trade-off. Moreover, the proposed inexact 4:2 compressor-based Baugh-Wooley multiplier is found to offer better accuracy-area trade-off compared to the state-of-the-art 4:2 compressors in convolutional neural network-based classification.

关键词： inexact computing inexact 4:2 compressor Baugh-Wooley multiplier Image processing CNN

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

inexact radix-4 Booth multipliers based on new partial product generation scheme for image multiplication

引用

INTEGRATION-THE VLSI JOURNAL 2024年 94卷

作者： Beura, Srikant Kumar Mahanta, Sudeshna Manjari Devi, Bishnulatpam Pushpa Saha, Prabir Natl Inst Technol Dept Elect & Commun Engn Shillong 793003 Meghalaya India Mos Chip Semicond Hyderabad 500081 Telengana India

inexact computing, is a modern approach for the development of low power and high-performance digital circuits, which involves approximation stages to get the utmost accurate result and are very much applicable in some error -tolerant applications like image processing. Such applications are limited to human eyesight ability, which gives us the freedom to make the approximate output. In this manuscript, two inexact partial product generators, viz. IPPG1, IPPG2 are proposed for the design of radix -4 based 8 x 8 Booth multipliers IRBM1.1, IRBM1.2, respectively. Moreover, an inexact 4:2 compressor is also proposed to add such partial product bits generated by IPPG1 and IPPG2, and nomenclate them as IRBM2.1 and IRBM 2.2, respectively. IPPG1 and IPPG2 are designed by introducing errors in the Karnaugh's map to reduce the circuit complexity and errors, respectively. Similarly, errors are introduced in the truth table of the exact 4:2 compressor to design a low power, high speed inexact 4:2 compressor. Error metrics estimation of such proposed inexact Booth multipliers and the state-of-the-art designs are performed using MATLAB and circuit performance parameters like area, computational delay and power dissipation are extracted using gpdk45 nm technology. While comparing, IRBM1.2 offers minimum error metrics than all other reported design so far. Moreover, in the circuit level prospect, IRBM1.1 consumes minimum power and IRBM2.2 is the fastest among its reported counter -parts. IRBM2.2 offers minimum power -delay -area (PDA) product over all of its reported counter -parts. For the validation of the proposed designs, an image multiplication, edge -detection using Sobel operator, and convolutional neural network -based application is incorporated and quality assessment parameters are measured using MATLAB.

关键词： Booth multiplier Partial product generators inexact 4:2 compressor Error metrics Image processing inexact computing

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

An efficient approximate multiplier: Design, error analysis and application

引用

AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS 2024年 180卷

作者： Zakian, Pegah Asli, Rahebeh Niaraki Univ Guilan Fac Engn Rasht *** Iran

Approximate circuits are extensively considered in error-resilient applications to reduce the design complexity. A multiplier is known as a key arithmetic unit of computational block, and thus improving the performance of the multiplier is significantly important to achieve an effective processor. In this paper, we develop two new inaccurate multipliers using approximate 4:2 compressor. Applying error correction block in the structure of these 8-bit multipliers remarkably increases the accuracy of design. The design performance and error metrics of the multipliers are analyzed. Furthermore, as an image processing application, we consider several benchmark images, and compare the quality metrics of image multiplication of our proposed multipliers to those obtained from different under-test multipliers of the previous studies. The design of multipliers is performed using HSPICE with 14 nm FinFET technology. The results demonstrate that the proposed multipliers provide suitable efficiency in the error analysis when compared to the exact multiplier in image processing application.

关键词： Approximate 4:2 compressor Approximate multiplier Error recovery inexact computing Arithmetic circuit

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Designing Energy-Efficient Arithmetic Operators Using inexact computing

引用

JOURNAL OF LOW POWER ELECTRONICS 2013年第1期9卷 141-153页

作者： Lingamneni, Avinash Enz, Christian Palem, Krishna Piguet, Christian Rice Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Houston TX 77005 USA Nanyang Technol Univ Rice Inst Sustainable & Appl Infodynam ISAID Singapore 639798 Singapore Ctr Suisse Elect & Microtech CSEM SA Wireless & Integrated Syst CH-2000 Neuchatel Switzerland

It is widely acknowledged that the exponentially improving benefits of sustained technology scaling prophesied by the Moore's Law would end within the next decade or so, attributed primarily to an understanding that switching devices can no longer function deterministically as feature sizes are scaled down to the molecular levels. The benefits of Moore's Law could, however, continue provided systems with probabilistic or "error-prone" elements could still process information usefully. We believe that this is indeed possible in contexts where the "quality" of the results of the computation is perceptually determined by our senses-audio and video information being significant examples. To demonstrate this principle, we will show how such "inexact" computing based devices, circuits and computing architectures can be used effectively to realize many ubiquitous energy-constrained error-resilient applications. Further, we show that significant energy, performance and area gains can be achieved, while trading a perceptually tolerable level of error-that will be ultimately determined based on neurobiological models-applied in the context of video and audio data in digital signal processing. This design philosophy of inexact computing is of particular interest in the domain of embedded and (portable) multimedia applications and in application domains of budding interest such as recognition and data mining, all of which can tolerate inaccuracies to varying extents or can synthesize accurate (or sufficient) information even from inaccurate computations!

关键词： inexact computing Probabilistic and Approximate computing Probabilistic Pruning Probabilistic Logic Minimization Error Tolerant Applications Adder Multiplier Low Power

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

High Accuracy Approximate Restoring Divider

High Accuracy Approximate Restoring Divider

引用

IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Asia (ICCE-Asia)

作者： Seo, Jihee Kim, Youngmin Hongik Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781665408578

In this paper, an approximation model is proposed for restoring divider. To increase accuracy over other approximate divider existing, we designed divider cells that produce truth tables similar to exact divider cells. Approximate factor p is used in the design. Simulation results shows that the proposed divider with p = 2 provides 70%higher quotient accuracy and 40%higher remainder accuracy compared to the existing approximate designs.

关键词： Approximate divider restoring inexact computing energy-efficient design

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Approximate XOR/XNOR-based Adders for inexact computing

Approximate XOR/XNOR-based Adders for Inexact Computing

引用

13th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)

作者： Yang, Zhixi Jain, Ajaypat Liang, Jinghang Han, Jie Lombardi, Fabrizio Univ Alberta Dept Elect & Comp Engn Edmonton AB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479906758;9781479906765

Power dissipation has become a significant issue for integrated circuit design in nanometric CMOS technology. To reduce power consumption, approximate implementations of a circuit have been considered as a potential solution for applications in which strict exactness is not required. In inexact computing, power reduction is achieved through the relaxation of the often demanding requirement of accuracy. In this paper, new approximate adders are proposed for low-power imprecise applications. These adders are based on XOR/XNOR gates with multiplexers implemented by pass transistors. The proposed approximate XOR/XNOR-based adders (AXAs) are evaluated and compared with respect to energy consumption, delay, area and power delay product (PDP) with an accurate full adder. The metric of error distance is used to evaluate the reliability of the approximate designs. Simulation by Cadence's Spectre in TSMC 65nm process has shown that the proposed designs consume less power and have better performance (such as a lower propagation delay) compared to the accurate XOR/XNOR-based adder, while the error distance remains similar or better than other approximate adder designs.

关键词： Approximate computing inexact computing Approximate adders Error distance Low power Adders

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Domain-driven models yield better predictions at lower cost than reservoir computers in Lorenz systems

引用

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021年第2194期379卷 20200246-20200246页

作者： Pyle, Ryan Jovanovic, Nikola Subramanian, Devika Palem, Krishna V. Patel, Ankit B. Rice Univ Baylor Coll Med Houston TX 77005 USA

Recent advances in computing algorithms and hardware have rekindled interest in developing high-accuracy, low-cost surrogate models for simulating physical systems. The idea is to replace expensive numerical integration of complex coupled partial differential equations at fine time scales performed on supercomputers, with machine-learned surrogates that efficiently and accurately forecast future system states using data sampled from the underlying system. One particularly popular technique being explored within the weather and climate modelling community is the echo state network (ESN), an attractive alternative to other well-known deep learning architectures. Using the classical Lorenz 63 system, and the three tier multi-scale Lorenz 96 system (Thomes T, Duben P, Palmer T. 2017 Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 143, 897-908. (doi:10.1002/qj.2974)) as benchmarks, we realize that previously studied state-of-the-art ESNs operate in two distinct regimes, corresponding to low and high spectral radius (LSR/HSR) for the sparse, randomly generated, reservoir recurrence matrix. Using knowledge of the mathematical structure of the Lorenz systems along with systematic ablation and hyperparameter sensitivity analyses, we show that state-of-the-art LSR-ESNs reduce to a polynomial regression model which we call Domain-Driven Regularized Regression (D2R2). Interestingly, D2R2 is a generalization of the well-known SINDy algorithm (Brunton SL, Proctor JL, Kutz JN. 2016 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 39323937. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1517384113)). We also show experimentally that LSR-ESNs (Chattopadhyay A, Hassanzadeh P, Subramanian D. 2019 (http://***/abs/1906.08829)) outperform HSR ESNs (Pathak J, Hunt B, Girvan M, Lu Z, Ott E. 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 024102. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.024102)) while D2R2 dominates both approaches. A significant goal in constructing surrogates is to cope with barriers to scaling in weather prediction and simulation of dynamical systems that are imposed

关键词： reservoir computing weather prediction dynamical systems echo state networks inexact computing

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Judiciously Spreading Approximation Among Arithmetic Components with Top-Down inexact Hardware Design 16th

Judiciously Spreading Approximation Among Arithmetic Compone...

引用

16th International Symposium on Applied Reconfigurable computing

作者： Ansaloni, Giovanni Scarabottolo, Ilaria Pozzi, Laura Univ Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783030445331;9783030445348

Approximate logic synthesis is emerging as a promising avenue towards the development of efficient and high performance digital designs. Indeed, effective methodologies for the inexact simplification of arithmetic circuits have been introduced in recent years. Nonetheless, strategies enabling the integration of multiple approximate components to realise complex approximate hardware modules, able to maximise gains while controlling ensuing Quality-of-Service degradations, are still in their infancy. Against this backdrop, we herein describe a methodology to automatically distribute the error leeway assigned to a hardware design among its constituent operators. Our strategy is able to identify high-quality trade-offs among resource requirements, performance and exactness in digital implementations, across applications belonging to different domains, and without restrictions on the type and bit-width of their approximable arithmetic components.

关键词： inexact computing Approximate logic synthesis Electronic design automation

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：