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information coding for Cockpit Human-machine Interface

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2011年第4期24卷 707-712页

作者： ZHANG Lei ZHUANG Damin WANYAN Xiaoru School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft, and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification. At present, related researches are mainly performed in the laboratory, and the experiment method for abstract simulation is often used to research single digit information coding. The research results demonstrate a lack of systematization and applicability. The present study is based upon information coding methods of human-machine interface under real time in flight simulators. Subjects are required to perform an aircraft landing and the corresponding experiment task. The correct rate and reaction time are chosen as the performance evaluation indexes, combined with eye movement data. The advantages and disadvantages of different information coding methods are also evaluated and analyzed. The experiment results demonstrate that the effect of color coding on the correct rate of information identification is not significant, but the effect on the speed of information identification is obviously significant. The study demonstrates that on a black background, red, green and yellow are suitable colors for color coding, but blue is not. The position of information on the performance of information identification is also significant. The center of the interface is better than the edge, and the left position is superior to the right. The impact of language and a person＇s mother tongue should also be considered in practical applications. The study shows that the Chinese has a higher correct rate of identification than English. As the experiment research method in the present study is based on flight simulator, the actual utility and application value can be guaranteed. The research results have the ability to offer improvements in ergonomic reference for cockpit human-machine interface design.

关键词： cockpit design ergonomics information coding eye movement simulator

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information coding in a laminar computational model of cat primary visual cortex

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013年第2期34卷 273-283页

作者： Basalyga, Gleb Montemurro, Marcelo A. Wennekers, Thomas Univ Plymouth Plymouth PL4 8AA Devon England Univ Manchester Manchester Lancs England

Neural populations across cortical layers perform different computational tasks. However, it is not known whether information in different layers is encoded using a common neural code or whether it depends on the specific layer. Here we studied the laminar distribution of information in a large-scale computational model of cat primary visual cortex. We analyzed the amount of information about the input stimulus conveyed by the different representations of the cortical responses. In particular, we compared the information encoded in four possible neural codes: (1) the information carried by the firing rate of individual neurons;(2) the information carried by spike patterns within a time window;(3) the rate-and-phase information carried by the firing rate labelled by the phase of the Local Field Potentials (LFP);(4) the pattern-and-phase information carried by the spike patterns tagged with the LFP phase. We found that there is substantially more information in the rate-and-phase code compared with the firing rate alone for low LFP frequency bands (less than 30 Hz). When comparing how information is encoded across layers, we found that the extra information contained in a rate-and-phase code may reach 90 % in Layer 4, while in other layers it reaches only 60 %, compared to the information carried by the firing rate alone. These results suggest that information processing in primary sensory cortices could rely on different coding strategies across different layers.

关键词： information coding Primary visual cortex Cortical microcircuit Phase-of-firing information Phase coding

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information coding IN THE RODENT PREFRONTAL CORTEX .1. SINGLE-NEURON ACTIVITY IN ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX COMPARED WITH THAT IN PYRIFORM CORTEX

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1995年第2期74卷 733-750页

作者： SCHOENBAUM, G EICHENBAUM, H SUNY STONY BROOK CTR BEHAV NEUROSCI STONY BROOK NY 11794 USA UNIV N CAROLINA DEPT PSYCHOL CHAPEL HILL NC 27599 USA

1. Extracellular spike activity was recorded from 1,942 single neurons in orbitofrontal cortex (OF) and 591 single neurons in pyriform cortex (PIR) over multiple sessions in rats performing an eight-odor discrimination task in which the stimulus sequence contained predictable associations between particular odor pairs. Neural firing patterns were examined in relation to task events in the current trial and variables associated with current sensory processing, events of recent past trials, and long-term associations involving the odor cues. 2. Overall, 34% of single neurons in OF and 30% of single neurons in PIR fired selectively during one or more salient trial events including trial initiation, odor sampling, performance of the discriminative response, and water consumption. The activity of other cells recorded in OF (13%) and PIR (10%) was suppressed for the duration of each trial. Although the proportion of some cell types differed between the two areas, the firing patterns of OF and PIR neurons were qualitatively indistinguishable. 3. Firing during odor sampling and the discriminative response was influenced by the identity of the current odor. Some cells fired selectively to a single odor, but most cells were coarsely tuned such that they fired to several of the eight odors to differing degrees consistent with previous reports. Considerable odor coding was observed in both OF and PIR. 4. Firing during trial initiation and odor sampling was also influenced by the identity and reward association of the odor presented in the immediately preceding trial. The influence of past odor identity and valence was observed in both OF and PIR. 5. Firing during trial events was also influenced by the acquired associations between odors and their assigned reward contingencies and between pairs of odors involved in predictive relationships. The reward valence of the current odor significantly influenced firing during odor sampling and the discriminative response;some cells resp

关键词： Discrimination Psychology physiology Membrane Potentials Neural Pathways 膜电位神经通路神经元额叶前皮质 Odor Membrane Potentials Trials FIRING Smell Neural Pathway PIR gene Fire information coding Piriform Cortex Prefrontal Cortex

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information coding and intramolecular integration of logic functionality

Information coding and intramolecular integration of logic f...

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Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show (Nanotech 2003)

作者： Ciontu, F Roman, C Courtois, B TIMA Lab F-38031 Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)0972842217

We investigate the feasibility of integrating Boolean logic within molecules. Physical characteristics of nanoscale electronics like high contact resistances and the huge potential for further miniaturization are the main arguments for advocating this approach. Here, we analyze the possibility of directly implementing the constraints separating the decision regions equivalent to a Boolean function through controlling the coefficients of the transmission matrix - that is, through molecular design. A first analysis of the possible ways of mapping information processing on molecules leads us to a negative result. Special techniques for linearization are possible with an exponential cost. This result has considerable implications as it requires implicitly including decoherence in the design of molecular devices.

关键词： molecular electronics architecture information coding

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information coding with Neural Ensembles for a Mobile Robot

Information Coding with Neural Ensembles for a Mobile Robot

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International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Calderon, Daniel Baidyk, Tatiana Kussul, Ernst Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Ctr Appl Sci & Technol Dev Mexico City 04510 DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9781424496365

For robot navigation (obstacle avoidance) we propose to use special neural network, because of its large information capacity for non correlated data. We prove this feature in contrast for correlated data in the robot task. This information is generated by a simulator and coded into neural ensembles. The coding method allows different parameters with their numeric values to be stored;it also provides similarity for close values and eliminates it in other case. The developed system combines the quality of the neural network as associative memory and the coding method to permit learning from some specific situations. So we prove the system introducing only the situation information and retrieving the appropriate maneuver for it.

关键词： Associative memory Biological neural networks Encoding Mobile robots Neurons Robot kinematics associative memory channel capacity collision avoidance content-addressable storage correlated data information capacity information coding mobile robot mobile robots neural ensembles neural nets neural network neurocontrollers noncorrelated data obstacle avoidance robot navigation robot task

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information coding by Means of Adaptive Controlling Torques

Information Coding by Means of Adaptive Controlling Torques

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16th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

作者： Winterholler, Johann Boehle, Julian Chmara, Krzysztof Maier, Thomas Univ Stuttgart Inst Engn Design & Ind Design Res D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319077314;9783319077307

The investigated approach shows that the currently rarely used haptic perception channel can systematically be applied for information transfer. The encoding of information by variable controlling torques and the haptic transmission of information to the user via a central control element can lead to a reduction of visual distraction and cognitive stress in difficult tasks. Furthermore, this approach allows innovative interfaces so that the usability of products can be improved and the operational safety can be increased.

关键词： haptic information coding adaptive control element adaptive controlling torque haptic display human-machine interaction

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A novel human behaviour information coding method based on eye-tracking technology

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TRAITEMENT DU SIGNAL 2017年第3-4期34卷 153-173页

作者： Hu, Tao Lv, Jian Xie, Qingsheng Sun, Hui Yuan, Qingni Guizhou Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Adv Mfg Technol Guiyang 550025 Guizhou Peoples R China

The computer recognition and coding of human motion has great application potentials in intelligent human-computer interaction (HCI) virtual reality and computer vision. The advancement of these fields hinges on the development of computers capable of processing information like the human brain. However, there is little report on computer coding of human motion based on the information processing features of human vision. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a computer vision information coding model for recognizing human actions in virtual situations. Moreover, human motion was defined in terms of concept, vision and perception, and a visual cognition experiment was performed to explore the influence of different contexts on motion information recognition. The main results are as follows: the fixation duration is nonlinearly correlated with context;interaction occurs between different contexts in the target motion recognition process;the recognition efficiency was higher at the appearance of the target motion with the context (of similar motions) than at that of the target motion with the mixed context. Based on the experimental data, the author designed strategies for visual information feature coding, information classification and information processing. These strategies enable computer vision to recognize and process information under complex background in an accurate and efficient manner. The research findings lay the basis for intelligent HCI and information visualization in virtual environment.

关键词： information identification information coding motion capture fixation duration virtual reality

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Spatio-temporal information coding in the cuneate nucleus

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2006年第16-18期69卷 1946-1953页

作者： Navarro, J. Sanchez, E. Canedo, A. Univ Santiago de Compostela Fac Fis Dept Elect & Ciencias Computac Grp Sistemas Intelixentes Santiago De Compostela 15782 Spain Univ Santiago de Compostela Dept Fisiol Fac Med Santiago De Compostela 15782 Spain

The dorsal column nuclei, cuneatus and gracilis, receive somesthetic information impinging on projection cells and local inhibitory interneurons. The presence of these interneurons allows spatio-temporal progressive coding of information that can be modeled [E. Sanchez, J. Aguilar, C. Rivadulla, A. Canedo, The role of Glycinergic Interneurons in the Dorsal Column Nuclei, Neurocomputing 58-60 (2004) 1049-1055 [14]] using their known synaptic connections with projection cells [J. Aguilar, C. Rivadulla, C. Soto, A. Canedo, New corticocuricate cellular mechanisms underlying the modulation of cutaneous ascending transmission in anesthetized cats, J. Neurophysiol. 89 (2003) 3328-3339 [1], J. Aguilar, C. Soto, C. Rivadulla, A. Canedo, The lemniscal-cuneate recurrent excitation is suppressed by strychnine and enhancedd by GABAA antagonists in the anesthetized cat, Eur. J. Neurosci. 16 (2002) 1697-1704 [2], J. Marino, L. Martinez, A. Canedo, Sensorimotor integration at the dorsal column nuclei, NIPS 14 (1999) 231-237 [9]. Here we explore the dependency of the processing time required to complete the progressive coding with regard to cutaneous stimuli varying in size and regularity of the intensity profile. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： dorsal column nuclei somatosensory system computational models information coding

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Inertialess nonlinear systems for information coding

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NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 1998年第4期15卷 345-389页

作者： Mozuras, A Res Lab Akustika LT-2006 Vilnius Lithuania

Linear properties of primary information converters are mostly used in conventional information coding methods and devices. The more converters are considered suitable for information transmission purposes, the more linear their characteristics are. However, purely linear converters are usually unavailable. Therefore, the devices should operate only in a narrow range, where the converter characteristic is close to linear. Unfortunately, only a low signal-to-noise ratio can be thus obtained. When trying to increase the output level, nonlinear distortions are encountered. If nonlinear elements are employed for information transmission, they are only constituents of the entire conversion system. However, even in this case only linear properties of the system an used. The above conflict is characteristic not only of primary information converters, but also of converters operating on the basis of amplitude, phase, or frequency modulation. A new information coding method is proposed in this work that employs the nonlinear properties of a converter described by a monotonous conversion function f(x). It allows one to avoid the effect of nonlinear distortions and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Calculations are presented that concern application of the proposed method for measurements, in the transmission of analog and digital information. Possible applications of the method in analog-to-digital converters are discussed.

关键词： nonlinearity measurement information coding modulation thermal stability ADC

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An I_D-like current that is downregulated by Ca²⁺ modulates information coding at CA3-CA3 synapses in the rat hippocampus

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JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON 2003年第2期552卷 513-524页

作者： Saviane, C Mohajerani, MH Cherubini, E SISSA Sch Adv Int Studies Neurosci Program I-34014 Trieste Italy SISSA Sch Adv Int Studies Ist Nazl Fis Mat Unit I-34014 Trieste Italy

Voltage-gated K+ channels localised on presynaptic nerve terminals control information coding by modulating presynaptic firing and synaptic efficacy in target neurones. We found that at CA3-CA3 connections in hippocampal slice cultures, a fast-activating, slowly inactivating K+ conductance similar to the so-called delay current (I-D) is responsible for the delayed appearance of the first spike upon membrane depolarisation, for action potential repolarisation and for modulation of transmitter release. The I-D-like current was downregulated by intracellular Ca2+, as indicated by the increased delay in the appearance of the first action potential following either the block of Ca2+ flux through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels with Cd2+ or replacement of the bathing solution with one devoid of Ca2+. In both cases, this effect was reversed by blocking this conductance with a low concentration of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10-50 am). Application of 4-AP shortened the delay to the first spike generation, prevented the effect of Cd2+ and increased the spike duration. The earlier appearance of the first action potential was also observed in the presence of dendrotoxin-1 (100 nM). In voltage-clamp experiments larger currents were recorded in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, thus confirming the downregulation of the I-D-like current by Ca2+ due to the positive shift of its inactivation. Spike broadening was associated with an enhancement of synaptic efficacy in target neurones, as assessed by the increase in EPSC amplitude and in the percentage of successes. Moreover, in the presence of 4-AP, EPSCs appeared with a longer latency and were more scattered. This conductance is therefore crucial for setting the timing and strength of synaptic transmission at CA3-CA3 connections. It is conceivable that switching off I-D by increasing intracellular Ca2+ following activity-dependent processes may facilitate network synchronisation and crosstalk between CA3 pyramidal cells, leading to sei

关键词： Anterior-Posterior Action Potentials V (voltage) Potassium measurement 动作电位 IDAHO OPERATIONS OFFICE Action Potentials synaptic efficacy information coding Conductance

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