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6th IEEE International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces (IWASI)

作者： Ros, Paolo Motto Crepaldi, Marco Demarchi, Danilo Ist Italiano Tecnol IIT PoliTO CSHR Turin Italy Politecn Torino Dipartimento Elettron Turin Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989812

Neuromorphic engineering aims to study and develop, among the others, a new class of systems mimicking key aspects of biological systems, such as spiking (event-driven) information processing and communication, adaptive and learning behavior. Common application domains are sensory and cognitive systems, with a strong relation with the (humanoid) robotic world. Indeed, several neuromorphic sensors, inspired by human senses, have been developed, except tactile ones. Here we fill the gap by presenting a hybrid quasi-digital/neuromorphic architecture for robotic tactile sensors. Quasi-digital sensors share many features with neuromorphic systems, first of all the information encoding in the time domain. They naturally fit into an asynchronous event-driven fully-digital system, but to be fully integrated into neuromorphic applications the right framework and architecture has to be defined. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to seamlessly combine a precise continuously measuring system and a reactive sensory systems, retaining at the same time the advantages of low complexity, low area, low power consumption, distributed, and robust data acquisition systems.

关键词： Humanoid robots information coding Neuromorphics Building construction ARCHITECTURE Neuromorphic engineering DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS New classes Touch Perceptions TIME-DOMAIN cognitive function Touch even-driven program biological organs information Processing

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Research on Building the Standard system of Modern Agriculture information Resources Classification and coding

Research on Building the Standard system of Modern Agricultu...

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International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering (ICSEEE 2012)

作者： Zhou, Qing Lai, Lu-yan Gu, Fa-hui JiangXi Vocat Coll Appl Technol Dept Informat Engn Ganzhou 341000 Peoples R China JiangXi Environm Engn Vocat Coll Sch Business Ganzhou 341000 Peoples R China South China Agr Univ Sch Informat Guangzhou 510642 Guangdong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037856345

A standard system of information classification and coding covering the entire modem agriculture funding chain, logistics chain and chain is proposed, which includes a unified standard system framework of modern agriculture information classification and code, the agricultural information classification and coding object decomposition table and the agricultural information code structural model based on unified messaging organization, it provides the idea to establish unified modem agriculture information codes.

关键词： Modern Agriculture information Classification information coding Standard System of information Classification and coding coding Structure Model

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Two-Frequency information Recording Using Stimulated Photon Echo in a Three-Level System

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JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN LASER RESEARCH 2014年第6期35卷 525-530页

作者： Garnaeva, G. I. Nefediev, L. A. Ahmedshina, E. N. Kazan Fed Univ Inst Phys Kazan 420008 Russia

We study recording of information in a three-level system at external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields in the case of its coding in the first two-frequency object laser pulse. At two-frequency information recording, the temporal shape of a two-frequency object pulse is correlated with stimulated photonecho response. We observe that stimulated photon-echo responses are observed to be locked during the action of an external spatially inhomogeneous electric field between the first and second or after the third two-frequency pulse.

关键词： stimulated photon echo three-level system two-frequency information recording information locking effect spatially inhomogeneous electric field information coding

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Response dynamics of bullfrog ON-OFF RGCs to different stimulus durations

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2014年第1期37卷 149-160页

作者： Xiao, Lei Zhang, Pu-Ming Wu, Si Liang, Pei-Ji Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Biomed Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

Stimulus duration is an important feature of visual stimulation. In the present study, response properties of bullfrog ON-OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in exposure to different visual stimulus durations were studied. By using a multi-electrode recording system, spike discharges from ON-OFF RGCs were simultaneously recorded, and the cells' ON and OFF responses were analyzed. It was found that the ON response characteristics, including response latency, spike count, as well as correlated activity and relative latency between pair-wise cells, were modulated by different light OFF intervals, while the OFF response characteristics were modulated by different light ON durations. Stimulus information carried by the ON and OFF responses was then analyzed, and it was found that information about different light ON durations was more carried by transient OFF response, whereas information about different light OFF intervals were more carried by transient ON response. Meanwhile, more than 80 % information about stimulus durations was carried by firing rate. These results suggest that ON-OFF RGCs are sensitive to different stimulus durations, and they can efficiently encode the information about visual stimulus duration by firing rate.

关键词： Retinal ganglion cells Stimulus duration Response latency Firing rate Correlation strength information coding

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Chiral encoding may provide a simple solution to the origin of life

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NATURE CHEMISTRY 2014年第7期6卷 569-574页

作者： Brewer, Ashley Davis, Anthony P. Univ Bristol Sch Chem Bristol BS8 1TS Avon England

The route by which the complex and specific molecules of life arose from the 'prebiotic soup' remains an unsolved problem. Evolution provides a large part of the answer, but this requires molecules that can carry information ( that is, exist in many variants) and can replicate themselves. The process is commonplace in living organisms, but not so easy to achieve with simple chemical systems. It is especially difficult to contemplate in the chemical chaos of the prebiotic world. Although popular in many quarters, the notion that RNA was the first self-replicator carries many difficulties. Here, we present an alternative view, suggesting that there may be undiscovered self-replication mechanisms possible in much simpler systems. In particular, we highlight the possibility of information coding through stereochemical configurations of substituents in organic polymers. We also show that this coding system leads naturally to enantiopurity, solving the apparent problem of biological homochirality.

关键词： Organic polymers coding Prebiotics Answer SOUP life biogenesis molecules information coding Organism

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Encoding of cellular positional information and maximum capacity of parallel coupled channels

Encoding of cellular positional information and maximum capa...

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information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA)

作者： Jorswieck, Eduard A. Reppas, Andreas I. Hatzikirou, Haralampos Ctr Adv Elect Dresden Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479935901

Inspired by the parallels between information coding in morphogenesis and information coding in computer communication, we introduce a new model for coupled discrete memoryless channels in which the error probability of one channel depends on the output of the other channel. The model is motivated by a type of cell-cell communication. It is shown that coupling will lead to higher sum capacities with both optimal input distribution and with uniform input distribution under joint coding. Thereby, nature can achieve more than the sum of the individual capacities (synergistic effect). We compare this result with the maximum achievable sum capacity by arbitrary ideal coupling using Majorization theory. Finally, we illustrate the model with applications from wireless communications.

关键词： cellular radio channel capacity channel coding error statistics wireless channels arbitrary ideal coupling cell-cell communication cellular positional information encoding computer communication coupled discrete memoryless channels error probability information coding majorization theory maximum capacity morphogenesis optimal input distribution parallel coupled channels synergistic effect uniform input distribution wireless communications Computational modeling Couplings Encoding Error probability Joints Mathematical model Noise

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coding properties of bullfrog ON-OFF RGCs to stimulus durations

Coding properties of bullfrog ON-OFF RGCs to stimulus durati...

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中国生理学会第24届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者：肖雷梁培基上海交通大学生物医学工程系

The retinal neuronal network consists of parallel ON and OFF pathways,which are segregated to signal light increment and decrement,***(DA),which takes part in modulating retinal signal transmission,is an important endogenous neuromodulator in the *** duration is an important feature of visual *** using multi-electrode recoding system,response activities and coding properties of transient ON-OFF RGCs in exposure to different stimulus durations were ***,the effects of DA on information encoding were *** results showed that although both single cells’firing patterns(response latency and spike count)and population activity pattern(correlation strength between RGCs)were changed with the stimulus durations,more than 80%information about the stimulus durations was carried by the single cells’*** analyses showed that the coding strategy for ON and OFF responses was different,while ON response mainly adopted response latency to encode stimulus durations,OFF response mainly adopted spike count for *** exogenous DA application,it was observed that dopamine could shorten neuronal response latency and increase spike ***,DA application significantly attenuated the stimulus-duration-dependent response latency change,but had little effect on the stimulus-duration-dependent spike count *** analysis further showed that dopamine mainly decreased the information encoded by response latency,and did not obviously change the information encoded by spike *** together,the above results suggest that retinal ON and OFF pathways may adopt different coding strategy for information transmission,and the dopaminergic pathway is involved in the modulation of the latency-dependent information coding.

关键词： retinal ganglion cells information coding on/off pathway stimulation duration dopamine

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Stability and variability of place cell activity during behavior: Functional implications for dynamic coding of spatial information

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JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-PARIS 2012年第3-4期106卷 62-71页

作者： Poucet, B. Hok, V. Sargolini, F. Save, E. Univ Provence CNRS Lab Neurobiol & Cognit F-13331 Marseille 03 France

In addition to their discharge strongly related to a rat's location in the environment, hippocampal place cells have recently been discovered to carry other more subtle signals. For instance, place cells exhibit overdispersion, i.e., a tendency to have highly variable firing rates across successive passes in the firing field, which may reflect the processing of different classes of cues. In addition, the place cell population tends to fire synchronously during specific phases of place navigation, presumably signaling the animal's arrival at the goal location, or to be reactivated during either sleep or wakefulness following exposure to a new environment, a process thought to be important for memory consolidation. Although these various phenomena are expressed at different timescales, it is very likely that they can occur at the same time during an animal's exposure to a spatial environment. The advantage of such simultaneous processing is that it permits the organism both to be aware of its own location in the environment, and to attend to other environmental features and to store multiple experiences. However its pitfall is that it may result in noisy signals that are difficult to decipher by output structures. Therefore the question is asked of how the information carried by each process can be disentangled. We provide some examples from recent research work showing that this problem is far from being trivial and we propose an explanatory framework in which place cell activity at different timescales could be viewed as a series of dynamic attractors nested within each other. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hippocampus Unit recordings Place cells Spatial navigation information coding Rat

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Shifted encoding strategy in retinal luminance adaptation: from firing rate to neural correlation

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2013年第8期110卷 1793-1803页

作者： Xiao, Lei Zhang, Mingsha Xing, Dajun Liang, Pei-Ji Wu, Si Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Biomed Engn Shanghai 200030 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Neurosci Shanghai Peoples R China NYU Ctr Neural Sci New York NY 10003 USA Beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

Neuronal responses to prolonged stimulation attenuate over time. Here, we ask a fundamental question: is adaptation a simple process for the neural system during which sustained input is ignored, or is it actually part of a strategy for the neural system to adjust its encoding properties dynamically? After simultaneously recording the activities of a group of bullfrog's retinal ganglion cells (dimming detectors) in response to sustained dimming stimulation, we applied a combination of information analysis approaches to explore the time-dependent nature of information encoding during the adaptation. We found that at the early stage of the adaptation, the stimulus information was mainly encoded in firing rates, whereas at the late stage of the adaptation, it was more encoded in neural correlations. Such a transition in encoding properties is not a simple consequence of the attenuation of neuronal firing rates, but rather involves an active change in the neural correlation strengths, suggesting that it is a strategy adopted by the neural system for functional purposes. Our results reveal that in encoding a prolonged stimulation, the neural system may utilize concerted, but less active, firings of neurons to encode information.

关键词： retinal ganglion cell luminance adaptation information coding neural correlation discrimination

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Large Scale Generation of Voxelized Terrain

Large Scale Generation of Voxelized Terrain

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作者： LeMoine, Pierre Linköping University

学位级别：master

Computer-aided generation of virtual worlds is vital in modern content production. To manuallycreate all the details which todays computers can visualize would be too daunting atask for any number of artists. Procedural algorithms can quickly generate content, but thecontent suffers from being repetitive. Simulation of geological processes produce good resultsbut require a lot of *** this report a solution is presented which combines procedural algorithms with geologicalsimulation in the form of erosion. A pre-processing stage generates a heightfield using proceduralnoise which is then eroded. The erosion is accelerated by being performed on the GPU.A road network is generated by connecting points scattered in the world. The pre-processedworld is then used to define a field function. The function is sampled in a grid as neededto produce voxels with different materials. Roads are added to the world by changing thematerial of the voxels. The voxels are then rendered as textured tiles depending on *** generated worlds are varied and interesting, much more so than worlds created purelyby procedural methods. A world can be pre-processed within a few minutes and explored inrealtime

关键词： Erosion Terrain GPU Heightmap Voxel Natural Sciences Computer and information Science Computer Engineering Naturvetenskap Data- och informationsvetenskap Datorteknik Examensarbete i informationskodning information coding

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