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Proposed General Decoupling and input-Voltage-Sharing Control Strategy for input-series-output-parallel Dual Active Bridge Converter

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年第12期39卷 16031-16050页

作者： Qin, Li Wu, Thomas Xinzhang Xiao, Yiting Liu, Li Guan, Yuanpeng Guangxi Univ Sch Elect Engn Nanning 530004 Peoples R China South China Univ Technol Sch Elect Power Engn Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China Guangdong Univ Technol Sch Automat Guangzhou 510006 Peoples R China

input voltage sharing (IVS) is necessary for the stable operation of an input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter. However, the nonidentical high-frequency link (HFL) inductor is unavoidable, causing mutual interferences among submodules, and deteriorating the decoupling and voltage balance performances of conventional IVS strategies. Thus, a general decoupling IVS control strategy is proposed for ISOP DAB converter with nonidentical HFL inductors. First, an improved small-signal state-space model of ISOP DAB converter with a full-rank matrix is proposed to present the coupled performance of the ISOP DAB converter with nonidentical HFL inductors. Based on the improved model, a general decoupling method is proposed by invertible and gain-regulated matrices to achieve a diagonal matrix with uniform diagonal elements in the small-signal model, revealing and solving the sneak coupled performances among control loops. Next, a decoupling IVS control strategy is proposed by shaping full-order input impedance to solve the issues and coupled effects of multiple modes in the operation submodules. Then, the IVS controller is designed and detailed in the frequency and time domains, achieving input voltage balance and avoiding oscillation among submodules with better dynamics and more stable responsiveness. Moreover, the better characteristics of input impedance, output impedance, and input voltages in the proposed decoupling IVS control strategy are discussed and compared with traditional strategies. Finally, experiments are set up to verify the proposed general decoupling IVS control strategy for ISOP DAB converter with nonidentical HFL inductors.

关键词： Decoupling network dual active bridge converter input impedance reshaping input-series-output-parallel input-voltage-sharing control strategy Decoupling network dual active bridge converter input impedance reshaping input-series-output-parallel input-voltage-sharing control strategy

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Zero-Voltage Switching and Natural Voltage Balancing of a 3 kW 1 MHz input-series-output-parallel GaN LLC Converter

IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS

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IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年 5卷 1119-1128页

作者： Ma, Qingxuan Huang, Qingyun Huang, Alex Q. Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Missouri Columbia MO USA

input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) LLC converters have the capability to leverage lower voltage semiconductor devices, thereby enabling applications with higher voltage requirements. The primary advantages lie in enhanced efficiency and power density attributed to improved device performance. Given the utilization of multiple modular LLC converters, the potential impact of component parameter mismatch becomes a significant concern. Specifically, issues related to input voltage sharing (IVS) and device zero voltage switching (ZVS) are critical considerations. This paper develops a precise mathematical model during deadtime to determine ZVS boundaries, taking into account parameter mismatches. Within the developed boundaries, all LLC sub-modules are assured of ZVS operation. To assess IVS performance, a mathematical model is formulated using the first harmonic approximation (FHA) equivalent circuit. To validate the proposed modeling and analysis, a 3 kW 1 MHz GaN-based ISOP LLC is constructed, comprising four modular 750W-LLC units. Experimental results showcase successful ZVS operations and natural voltage balancing of the ISOP LLC converter across a broad range of parameter mismatches.

关键词： Voltage Zero voltage switching Integrated circuit modeling Pulse width modulation Mathematical models Voltage control Transformers input-series-output-parallel input voltage sharing LLC resonant converter zero voltage switching GaN

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Sharing Voltage and Current of an input-series-output-parallel Boost-LLC Converter

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ENERGIES 2022年第19期15卷 7165页

作者： Zhang, Bo Huang, Jin Song, Yongfeng Liu, Xinbo Ren, Jiahui Kang, Chengwei Ma, Yingtao Sun, Shijie Diao, Lijun China Acad Railway Sci Corp Ltd Locomot & Car Res Inst Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Elect Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd Changchun 130022 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Natl Maglev Transportat Engn Technol R&D Ctr Shanghai 201804 Peoples R China

Modular input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) converters are very suitable for high-voltage and high-power applications. In order to ensure the normal operation of ISOP converters, it is necessary to realize the input-voltage and output-current equalization of each submodule. However, there are few studies on the input-voltage and output-current equalization performance of the ISOP system. In this paper, the input-voltage and output-current equalization characteristics of a Boost + LLC modular ISOP converter are studied based on the small-signal model. In this paper, the small-signal model of an ISOP system is first established, and then the input-voltage and output-current equalization performance of the ISOP system under the condition of inconsistent submodule parameters are analyzed. Finally, simulations and experiments are reported to verify the results. The experimental results show that the ISOP system composed of a Boost + LLC cascaded module has excellent voltage and current self-equalization performance.

关键词： input-series-output-parallel input-voltage equalizing output-current equalizing LLC resonant converter

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Performance Analysis of an input-series-output-parallel LLC Resonant Converter with Parameters Mismatch 13

Performance Analysis of an Input-Series-Output-Parallel LLC ...

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13th IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (IEEE ECCE)

作者： Ma, Qingxuan Huang, Qingyun Huang, Alex Q. Univ Texas Austin Semicond Power Elect Ctr SPEC Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728151359

input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) converters enable the use of low voltage devices in high voltage applications. Additional benefits include modularity and increased efficiency due to improved device figure-of-merit (FOM) for low voltage devices. A ISOP system typically consists of many converter modules. In order to ensure proper system operation, voltage and current among each module should be equal. However, parameter mismatch is inevitable between converter modules, causing input voltage and current unbalanced. In this paper, performance of an ISOP LLC converter with resonant tank parameter mismatch is analyzed. Impedance model analysis of system input voltage sharing (IVS) is established and conducted under first harmonic approximation (FHA) assumption. Analysis shows that the ratio of resonant inductor Lr and magnetizing inductor Lm has a major impact on input voltage sharing, while voltage sharing is not affected significantly by L-m value. To achieve an ISOP LLC with good input voltage sharing, small L-r/L-m ratio is expected. A 3kW, 400V to 48V four-module ISOP LLC is developed to verify the conclusion and good input voltage sharing property is demonstrated by simulations and experiments.

关键词： input-series-output-parallel input voltage sharing LLC resonant converter dc-dc converter GaN converter

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Design of A Medium Voltage Solid-State Transformer based on Modular AC-AC Resonant Converter and an input-series-output-parallel Architecture 11

Design of A Medium Voltage Solid-State Transformer based on ...

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11th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

作者： Zhao, Xin Lei, Yang Wang, Haoming Quan, Xiangjun Huang, Alex Q. Univ Texas Austin SPEC Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728103952

As an eventual replacement of the century-old line frequency transformer (LFT), the Solid-State Transformer (SST) has been investigated intensively in the past decade due to its ability to offer many smart functionalities such as voltage regulation and power flow control in the distribution power grid. For the medium voltage and high voltage SSTs, the availability and cost of high voltage power devices are the major limitations. One possible solution is to use modular SST architecture in an input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) configuration to reach high input voltage and high-power capacity. However, modular SST introduces additional challenges in control due to the need for many voltage and current sensors, multiple control loops to achieve cell to cell level voltage and power balancing. To address these problems, this paper introduces a novel modular SST solution utilizing single stage AC-AC resonant converter as the modular cell with distributed open loop control. The proposed modular SST is therefore capable of reaching medium and high voltages easily with simple and robust control. The proposed architecture eliminates the DC-DC stage hence the associated bulky DC link capacitors. Higher power density can therefore be achieved. 10 kW modular LLC converter prototype is developed based on 1.2kV SiC MOSFETs. Peak AC-AC efficiency up to 97.3% is achieved and demonstrated. Voltage and power balancing among modular cells are analyzed against cell to cell variations, including resonant frequency, switching frequency and losses. Simulation results show that the proposed modular SST has no performance degradation even considering those variations in a practical system. An ISOP architecture using two LLC converters is also demonstrated with preliminary experimental results, showing that with LLC converters working close to resonant frequency, the input voltage balancing can be achieved.

关键词： AC-AC Medium Voltage Solid-State Transformer input-series-output-parallel Modular Converter LLC resonant Converter Silicon Carbide

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Distributed Control and Redundant Technique to Achieve Superior Reliability for Fully Modular input-series-output-parallel Inverter System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2017年第1期32卷 723-735页

作者： Fang, Tianzhi Shen, Le He, Wei Ruan, Xinbo Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Automat Engn Ctr More Elect Aircraft Power Syst Nanjing 210016 Peoples R China

input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) inverter system is very suitable for high input voltage and large output current power conversion applications. One of many merits of this assembly system lies in that its characteristic of multimodule series-parallel combination can significantly improve the reliability of the operation. To address this point, redundancy should be realized for the whole system. However, the existing methods for the ISOP inverter system all belong to centralized control, which restricts the modularity of the system. From the above perspective, this paper proposes a new scheme to achieve both power balance and distributed configuration according to the conception of compound control. Also, the relationship of control loops is analyzed and the design procedure of them is given. Based on the fully modular system actualized by the distributed control, the hot-swap technique is then raised to get a redundant system with superior reliability. Here, the way of bypassing other than cutting off is adopted to fulfill withdrawal of the faulty module from the system due to series connection at the input terminal. In addition, the detailed timing sequence of system operation is provided to ensure the smooth transition during the hot-plugging transient. Finally, a three-module prototype is built and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the presented strategy.

关键词： Bypass distributed inverter input-series-output-parallel redundancy

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Research on Hybrid Rectifier for High Power Electrolytic Hydrogen Production Based on Modular Multilevel Converter

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ENERGIES 2024年第9期17卷 2188页

作者： Huang, Cheng Tan, Yang Meng, Xin Xinjiang Univ Sch Elect Engn Urumqi 830046 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Sch Elect Engn Chengdu 610065 Peoples R China

Aiming at the problem that silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) and pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifiers cannot balance high power levels, high hydrogen production efficiency, and high grid connected quality in the current research on rectifier power supplies for electrolytic hydrogen production, a new hybrid rectifier topology based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC) is proposed. The hybrid topology integrates a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) with an auxiliary power converter, wherein the SCR is designated as the primary power source for electrolytic hydrogen production. The auxiliary converter employs a cascaded modular multilevel converter (MMC) and an input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) arrangement. This configuration allows the auxiliary converter to effectively mitigate AC-side harmonics and minimize DC-side ripple, concurrently transmitting a small amount of power. The effectiveness of the hybrid rectifier in achieving low ripple and harmonic distortion outputs was substantiated through hardware-in-the-loop experiments. Notably, the hybrid topology is characterized by its enhanced electric-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency, elevated power density, cost efficiency, and improved grid compatibility.

关键词： electrolytic hydrogen production hybrid rectifier topology modular multilevel converter input-series-output-parallel high hydrogen production efficiency

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Research on ISOP Inverter System and Its Control Strategy that Can Work under Specific Loads 8

Research on ISOP Inverter System and Its Control Strategy th...

引用

8th International Conference on Smart Grid and Smart Cities, ICSGSC 2024

作者： Han, Zhuwen Sun, Li Ding, Jie Zhang, Hongyu Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377408

The input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) inverter system, which consists of standard DC/AC modules connected in series at the input side and in parallel at the output side, is very suitable for high input voltage as well as high output current applications. This paper points out under no-load conditions, the output power of the entire system is approximately zero. Due to differences between the various modules' losses, the existing control strategies fail, simply because the loss difference cannot be balanced by adjusting the output power of each module, resulting in input voltage of each module differs from each other a lot, which causes the system breaks down. This paper proposes adding an auxiliary input voltage sharing circuit, so that input voltage sharing can be achieved. Finally, the proposed control strategy under no-load conditions were simulated and experimented, the results show that the proposed control strategy is correct. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： current sharing input-series-output-parallel load under extreme conditions voltage sharing

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Active Damping of DC Transformer with ISOP Structure Based on Impedance Reshaping

Active Damping of DC Transformer with ISOP Structure Based o...

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2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2023

作者： Chen, Yangfan Zhang, Yu Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key of Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Energering Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316445

The DC transformers (DCTs) constructed by input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) structure with dual active bridge (DAB) submodules (SMs) would face the risk of instability due to the equivalent inductance of input power line, which are neglected in most existing research. This work evaluates the stability characteristics of DCTs and proposes an active damping method for DCTs to ensure the stability. First, the input impedance of DCT is derived. Then, the stability characteristics of DCT are analyzed based on Nyquist Criterion. Next, an impedance reshaping control scheme (IRCS) for DCT is proposed to reshape the input impedance of DCT to achieve stabilization, which is easy to be implemented and no additional sensors are needed. Finally, the relevant experiments validate the performance of IRCS. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cascaded stability DC transformers Dual active bridge Impedance reshaping input-series-output-parallel

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input Voltage Sharing Control for input-series-output-parallel DC-DC Converters without input Voltage Sensors

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JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS 2012年第1期12卷 83-87页

作者： Guo, Zhiqiang Sha, Deshang Liao, Xiaozhong Beijing Inst Technol Sch Automat Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) modular converters consisting of multiple modular DC/DC converters can enable low voltage rating switches for use in high voltage input applications. In this paper, an input voltage sharing control strategy for input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) full-bridge (FB) DC/DC converters is proposed. By sensing the difference in the input current of two modules, the system can achieve input voltage sharing for DC-DC modules. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experimental results obtained with a 200w-50kHz prototype.

关键词： DC/DC converters input-series-output-parallel input voltage sharing

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