Drawing on the institutional analysis and development framework, this paper explores the likely influence of socio-economic issues on the processing of the application for the authorization for genetically modified wh...
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Drawing on the institutional analysis and development framework, this paper explores the likely influence of socio-economic issues on the processing of the application for the authorization for genetically modified wheat by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) in the period 2002-4. As an attempt to explain why the CFIA regulators asked for additional environmental data relating to the unconfined release of this crop, and refrained from making a regulatory decision, this analysis focuses on the interaction between the rules that frame the formal approval process and the involvement of various actors in a lively social debate. It argues that the flexibility provided by the regulatory decision-making process, combined with the socio-economic issues that were forcefully raised by interest groups, academics and parliamentary committees, created a distorted regulatory landscape that led regulators to further scrutinize the environmental impacts of this seed.
Mumbai is facing significant challenges in terms of infrastructure deficit and paucity of land owing to its mismanagement and stringent regulations. These problems could be resolved-through policy tweaksif public orga...
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Mumbai is facing significant challenges in terms of infrastructure deficit and paucity of land owing to its mismanagement and stringent regulations. These problems could be resolved-through policy tweaksif public organizations that own land, managed these assets efficiently. This would not only augment the effective land supply in the city, but would also enable public organizations to unlock the potential value of their land assets. This could help in financing infrastructure projects. The first step in realizing the locked values of public land would be an understanding of the extant situation of Public Land in Mumbai which suffers from several deficiencies: ambiguity in land ownership, inefficient utilization, unauthorized settlements, and rent seeking, which cumulatively distort land markets. This article attempts to deconstruct the situation of Ownership and Management Public Land in Mumbai using the institutionalanalysis and development (IAD) framework in order to clarify the underlying institutions that work in tandem to influence the outcomes and suggest an agenda for further research.
This study addresses the impact of biophysical characteristics, institutional rules-in-use, and community attributes on the actors and actions of 2 collaborative watershed partnerships with different land use patterns...
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This study addresses the impact of biophysical characteristics, institutional rules-in-use, and community attributes on the actors and actions of 2 collaborative watershed partnerships with different land use patterns: one in an urban environment, and the other rural. The institutional analysis and development framework is employed to investigate the institutional performance of each partnership by evaluating the transaction costs and environmental, social, and policy outputs of the two different groups. Results suggest that the nature of environmental problems in the two watersheds, combined with unique cultural attributes, and varying institutionalframeworks, lead to different partnership goals, processes, and outputs. In the urban setting, watershed practitioners have taken advantage of the "thick" institutionalframework to establish stormwater institutions, remediate impairments, and strengthen local policies. In the rural watershed, partnership members have sought to combat threats associated with land conversion and incompatible development with comprehensive planning and by building relationships with landowners in an attempt to encourage the adoption of conservation easements and BMPs. Thus, different sets of variables are critical for success across the two types of settings. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The institutionalanalysis and development (IAD) framework developed at the University of Indiana is very promising for advancing comparative urban studies. Ostrom's "Grammar of Institutions" is useful f...
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The institutionalanalysis and development (IAD) framework developed at the University of Indiana is very promising for advancing comparative urban studies. Ostrom's "Grammar of Institutions" is useful for addressing urban allocative conflicts. Such conflicts are valuable entry points to better grasp urban politics, especially in comparative research. This paper introduces a theoretical and conceptual framework to analyse the role of monetary and non-monetary incentive schemes in the field of urban policies. The incentives to consider in urban policies can be divided into four categories: (1) direct financial incentives;(2) indirect financial incentives;(3) non-financial incentives;(4) broader social incentives. Direct and indirect financial incentives are well studied by public choices theorists in urban economics;non-financial incentives are considered in some forms of planning theory, while broader social incentives are especially stressed by urban sociologists. This paper stresses the relevance for urban theory of configurations that articulate the four kinds of incentives conjointly, from both a bottom-up perspective and a top-down perspective. Taking into account of incentives, and not only of single incentives (one by one), it is a promising advancement. It is hypothesized that this could sustain relevant development in comparative urban research.
In 1995, Crawford and Ostrom proposed a grammatical syntax for examining institutional statements (i.e., rules, norms, and strategies) as part of the institutional analysis and development framework. This article cons...
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In 1995, Crawford and Ostrom proposed a grammatical syntax for examining institutional statements (i.e., rules, norms, and strategies) as part of the institutional analysis and development framework. This article constitutes the first attempt at applying the grammatical syntax to code institutional statements using two pieces of U.S. legislation. The authors illustrate how the grammatical syntax can serve as a basis for collecting, presenting, and analyzing data in a way that is reliable and conveys valid and substantive meaning for the researcher. The article concludes by describing some implementation challenges and ideas for future theoretical and field research.
This paper reviews a range of theoretical approaches to partnerships working between protected area agencies and the tourism industry. While partnerships are a hallmark of contemporary thinking about protected area ma...
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This paper reviews a range of theoretical approaches to partnerships working between protected area agencies and the tourism industry. While partnerships are a hallmark of contemporary thinking about protected area management, research to date leaves considerable scope for development, application and testing of theory. The paper draws eight theoretical approaches from the literature with potential application to a study of the contributors to partnership success. It progresses a postdisciplinary approach to partnership research. A 72-item questionnaire was derived from the theoretical perspectives and completed by 100 partners. analysis identified features perceived as potentially contributing to a successful partnership as well as the key outcomes of a successful partnership. The findings indicate the prominence of institutionalanalysis and development, social capital, environmental dispute resolution and network theories in explaining partnership success. Given the centrality of partnerships in protected area tourism and ongoing societal interest in the sustainability of such areas, this paper provides vital insights to further multi-theoretical, postdisciplinary research, and to the successful management of partnerships.
This paper examines compacts used by U.S. western states to engage in shared governance of interstate rivers. Compacts are viewed as inflexible, rigid governance structures incapable of responding to changing environm...
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This paper examines compacts used by U.S. western states to engage in shared governance of interstate rivers. Compacts are viewed as inflexible, rigid governance structures incapable of responding to changing environmental and institutional settings because of the use of unanimity rules and the inability to directly regulate water users. Using data from a study of 14 western interstate river compacts we examine this claim. In particular, we explore the response of compacts to water conflicts. We find that members of compacts, closely related water agencies, and compact governments are capable of responding to conflicts. To better understand this finding, we identify the conditions under which compacts are likely to address conflicts, as well as the types of conflict solutions compact governments adopted.
In many countries worldwide, similar state policies on land management have been implemented as a response to deforestation in mountainous areas. So far, few studies have examined to which extent these policies have a...
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In many countries worldwide, similar state policies on land management have been implemented as a response to deforestation in mountainous areas. So far, few studies have examined to which extent these policies have actually contributed to reforestation. This is the focus of our analysis, based on a case study in Vietnam. Because land access and land use were traditionally governed by common rules, we examine land use changes from an institutional perspective. We use the institutionalanalysis and development (IAD) framework, coupled with an historical perspective and the analysis of actors' perception and dominant narratives on land management and forests. Results show that national policies significantly interfered with local factors, leading to a complex course of decision-making and action. Substantial reforestation in the area was not a response by farmers to policy incentives but rather the unexpected outcome of the disruption of local institutions by these policies. We argue that, because national interventions have relied on false or exaggerated narratives and beliefs, their implementation is in conflict with the local reality in upland areas, leading to unpredictable and locally dependent outcomes. We defend hence the need for local level studies and also recommend considering local institutions for land use change analysis in contexts where land use systems are characterised by a high degree of human interaction. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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