In this paper we present an algorithm, based on power management of Access Points (AP), to reduce congestion in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The algorithm finds the Most Congested Access Point (MCAP) and adju...
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In this paper we present an algorithm, based on power management of Access Points (AP), to reduce congestion in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The algorithm finds the Most Congested Access Point (MCAP) and adjusts its transmitted power in discrete steps and determines the optimal users' assignment such that an optimal load distribution is achieved. Results show that the algorithm is capable of significantly reducing the overall congestion in the WLAN.
Analog-to-digital converters based on sigma-delta modulation have shown promising performance, with steadily increasing bandwidth. However, associated with the increasing bandwidth is an increasing output sample rate,...
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Analog-to-digital converters based on sigma-delta modulation have shown promising performance, with steadily increasing bandwidth. However, associated with the increasing bandwidth is an increasing output sample rate, which becomes costly to decimate in the digital domain. Commonly, cascaded integrator comb structures have been used for the first decimation stage, but polyphase decomposed FIR filter architectures have been shown to be more power efficient. In this paper, a bit-level optimization algorithm is introduced, and applied to the direct form and transposed form FIR filter architectures. Mainly, two conclusions can be drawn. The transposed architecture has significantly lower complexity in most circumstances, and the inability to implement an efficient adder prohibits the symmetry of the filter coefficients to be used efficiently for the direct form architecture.
In this paper, an improved model for completed observability in optimal PMU placement is presented. The proposed model is capable of obtaining the full set of optimal solutions instead of only one or partial solutions...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781612847894
In this paper, an improved model for completed observability in optimal PMU placement is presented. The proposed model is capable of obtaining the full set of optimal solutions instead of only one or partial solutions. A novel and topology-based method is suggested when zero-injection buses are considered in power grid. The integer linear programming approach is implemented to solve this model. In addition to the goal minimizing the number of PMUs, the sensitivity indicator is developed and introduced into the PMU placement in order to enhance the security of the power system networks. The model is tested in IEEE-14, 30, 57 and 118 buses systems. The simulation results are confirmed with the schemes concluded from authoritative publications. This model characterized by multi-solution provides convenience and flexibility to power company making a practical decision in PMUs' locations.
This paper carries out a comparative study on the methods of dicing multi-project wafers (MPW). Our dicing method results in using 40% fewer wafers both for low and high volume production.
ISBN:
(纸本)076952365X
This paper carries out a comparative study on the methods of dicing multi-project wafers (MPW). Our dicing method results in using 40% fewer wafers both for low and high volume production.
Consider a network of prosumers of media content in which users dynamically create and request content objects. The request process is governed by the objects' popularity and varies across network regions and over...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467359443
Consider a network of prosumers of media content in which users dynamically create and request content objects. The request process is governed by the objects' popularity and varies across network regions and over time. In order to meet user requests, content objects can be stored and transported over the network, characterized by the capacity and energy efficiency of the storage and transport resources. The energy efficient dynamic in-network caching problem aims at finding the evolution of the network configuration, in terms of the content objects being cached and transported over each network element at any given time, that meets user requests, satisfies network resource capacities and minimizes overall energy use. We provide 1) an information-centric optimization framework for the energy efficient dynamic in-network caching problem, 2) an offline solution, EE-OFD, based on an integerlinear program (ILP) that obtains the maximum efficiency gains that can be achieved with global knowledge of user requests and network resources, and 3) an efficient fully distributed online solution, EE-OND, that allows network nodes to make local caching decisions based on their current estimate of the global energy benefit. Our solutions take into account the network heterogeneity, in terms of capacity, energy efficiency and content popularity, and adapt to changing network conditions minimizing overall energy use.
There are many active mobile users today in trains, especially during the rush hour, hence the potential for mobile communication traffic in trains to rocket in the near future;as applications become diversified and c...
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There are many active mobile users today in trains, especially during the rush hour, hence the potential for mobile communication traffic in trains to rocket in the near future;as applications become diversified and communication tariffs becomes cheaper due to flat rate pricing. The increase in such traffic within a train will mean a mass of accessing users, moving along the railway tracks. In CDMA systems, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of users in the train is greatly influenced by the fluctuation in the number of users accessing the base station. With this in mind, we propose a cell planning scheme using integer linear programming and taking account of the movement of a train containing many accessing users. The scheme minimizes the number of base stations, ensuring the SNR of a user within a target train remains equivalent to or exceeds the required SNR. Finally, simulations using the proposed scheme verify that the SNR of a user in a train for all areas calculated based on optimally-sited base stations reaches a constant value when the interference from other accessing users in a train is much larger than that of those outside the train.
This paper considers the analysis of network observability and optimum PMU placement problem under normal operation conditions. The aim of the optimum PMU placement (OPP) problem is to provide minimum number of PMU in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467349215
This paper considers the analysis of network observability and optimum PMU placement problem under normal operation conditions. The aim of the optimum PMU placement (OPP) problem is to provide minimum number of PMU installations to ensure full observability of the particular power system. The approach used in this paper is based on the topological observability of the system. The technique used is based on integer linear programming. The proposed technique has been firstly verified on IEEE 14- bus and New England 39-bus system. It has then been implemented on a part of the 77- bus North Eastern grid of India. The part considered in the paper comprises of the states- Nagaland, Manipur, South Assam, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and Palatana. Lines which are currently under construction and under outage have not been considered.
Hardware/software partitioning is a crucial problem in embedded system design. In this paper, we provide an alternative approach to solve this problem using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Performance ana...
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Hardware/software partitioning is a crucial problem in embedded system design. In this paper, we provide an alternative approach to solve this problem using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Performance analysis of the proposed scheme with integer linear programming, Genetic Algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization technique has been compared using standard benchmark datasets, and the computer simulations reveal that the proposed approach outperforms all the meta-heuristic based existing techniques with respect to cumulative runtimes for several runs of the same program. The integer linear programming has been found to yield the optimal solutions, and the proposed swarm scheme yields suboptimal solution, sufficiently close to the reported results obtained for integerprogramming.
Dynamic burn-in testing is an integral component of any test plan that seeks to produce reliable integrated circuits. Despite its importance in ensuring the reliability of semiconductors, burn-in has been a major cont...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424457939
Dynamic burn-in testing is an integral component of any test plan that seeks to produce reliable integrated circuits. Despite its importance in ensuring the reliability of semiconductors, burn-in has been a major contributor to overall test cost and turnaround time. In this work we discuss the application of advanced Boolean satisfiability (SAT) techniques to generate a set of vectors or input stimuli that increases the nodal activity in the circuit and hence the elevation of its temperature. The vectors are designed to uniformly stress all parts of the circuit. Additionally, we present a SAT-based methodology where weak nodes can selectively be targeted for high switching activity in an effort to detect potential failures. Finally, SAT-based solvers are compared against generic integer linear programming (ILP) solvers when handling the vector generation problem.
In this paper, the problem of upgrading an electric urban distribution network is considered. Although network planning has attracted considerable attention in the field of power systems since the early 1970s, the urb...
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In this paper, the problem of upgrading an electric urban distribution network is considered. Although network planning has attracted considerable attention in the field of power systems since the early 1970s, the urban distribution network of Milano (Italy) shows significant and challenging peculiarities. Due to historical reasons, there are two separate distribution networks, previously operated by two different companies, which grew up independently and in an uncoordinated way. Therefore, this paper will present a MILP approach for planning a new network configuration, called H-shaped layout, which optimally integrates the two networks already in place. In order to validate the mathematical model, computational results using a part of the whole distribution network is presented in this paper.
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