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Photonics-assisted intensity-modulation and direct-detection MIMO millimeter-wave system in the D-band

Chinese Optics Letters 2025年第1期23卷 7-12页

作者： Jingwen Tan Peng Tian Jianjun Yu Xianming Zhao Xinglin Dou Long Zhang Xiongwei Yang YangHan Yi Wei Bing Zhang Qinyi Zhang Luhan Jiang Weiping Li Rahim Uddin Kaihui Wang Wen Zhou State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves(MoE)School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Beijing Hongshan Information Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100176China

We experimentally demonstrate the transmission of discrete multi-tone(DMT)millimeter-wave(mm-wave)signals over a 1.2-km distance at the D-band(110–170 GHz)in a cost-effective intensity-modulation and direct-detection(IM/DD)communication *** the experiment,we successfully achieve the transmission of DMT-QPSK and DMT-16QAM mm-wave signals over multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)*** the 1.2-km free-space transmission,the bit error rate(BER)of the DMT-16QAM is below the 25%soft decision forward error correction(25%SD-FEC)threshold of 4×10^(-2),with a maximum net bit rate of 24.62 Gbit/s achieved in this system.

关键词： D-band discrete multi-tone intensity modulation and direct detection long-distance wireless transmission photonics-assisted technique

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Dual-pattern communication system using DBR laser in the intensity-modulation and direct-detection system

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2021年第11期60卷 116103-116103页

作者： Xu, Borui Sun, Jiazheng Wen, Huashun Zhu, Ninghua Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Integrated Optoelect Inst Semicond Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Coll Mat Sci & Optoelect Technol Beijing Peoples R China

We propose a flexible dual-pattern communication system based on the existing intensity modulation and direct detection system, which exploits the wavelength tuning characteristic of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. At the transmitter side of the system, the DBR laser is wavelength tuned by the wavelength coding signal and intensity modulated by the radio frequency (RF) signal. At the receiver side, the RF signal is detected directly by photodetector 1, while the wavelength coding signal is recovered by a specific optical filter. The proposed system is theoretically analyzed and verified at the C band experimentally. We successfully obtained clear eye openings for the 10- and 25-Gb/s nonreturn-to zero signal. The waveform graphs of the 10- and 100-kHz wavelength coding signal were also measured. The two transmission patterns did not interfere with each other no matter in the back-to-back or 5 km case. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

关键词： dual-pattern communication system intensity modulation and direct detection wavelength coding signal DBR laser

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Efficient carrier-reuse for intensity modulation and direct detection passive optical networks with Rayleigh backscattering noise circumvention

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2018年第6期57卷 066113-066113页

作者： Zhang, Xiaoling Zhang, Chongfu Chen, Chen Jin, Wei Qiu, Kun Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Commun Engn Minist Educ Key Lab Opt Fiber Sensing & Commun Networks Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore Singapore Bangor Univ Sch Elect Engn Bangor Gwynedd Wales

We propose an efficient carrier-reuse scheme for intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) passive optical networks (PONs) with Rayleigh backscattering (RB) noise circumvention. In our proposed system, the number of light sources is halved since no extra light sources are required for the upstream (US) transmission, and the RB noise is eliminated without using any high cost ultra-narrow filter or coherent detection. The proposed scheme efficiently utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based carrierless amplitude and phase modulation in the downstream, where signal multiplexing and demultiplexing are performed by digital filtering. Meanwhile, the high spectrum efficiency optical single-side band (SSB) Nyquist pulse-shaped pulse amplitude modulation-4 signal is generated by utilizing dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator in the US. In addition, the effect of phase-to-intensity conversion of the laser phase noise on bidirectional SSB systems over 25-km standard single-mode fiber on bit error rate performance is evaluated. Results successfully verify the feasibility of our proposed efficient carrier-reuse scheme for IM/DD PONs. (C) 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： Rayleigh backscattering carrier-reuse intensity modulation and direct detection OFDM-CAP

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Reconfigurable intensity modulation and direct detection optical transceivers for variable-rate wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical networks utilizing digital signal processing-based symbol mapper

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OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2017年第1期56卷 016102-1-016102-5页

作者： Zhang, Zhiguo Zhang, Bingbing Chen, Yanxu Chen, Xue Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Informat Photon & Opt Commun POB 20110 XiTuCheng Rd Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

Variable-rate intensity modulation and direct detection-based optical transceivers with software-controllable reconfigurability and transmission performance adaptability are experimentally demonstrated, utilizing M-QAM symbol mapping implemented in MATLAB r programs. A frequency division multiplexing-based symbol demapping and wavelength management method is proposed for the symbol demapper and tunable laser management used in colorless optical network unit. (C) 2017 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： reconfigurable optical transceivers wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network intensity modulation and direct detection symbol demapping and wavelength management

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Cross-reference-based sampling frequency offset estimation method for 60-Gbps 50-m photonics-aided D-band IM/DD wireless transmission system

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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 2025年 184卷

作者： Long, Jianyu Yang, Xiongwei Wang, Mingxu Zhang, Long Wang, Chen Sang, Bohan Bian, Chengzhen Wang, Kaihui Zhou, Wen Zhao, Feng Zhao, Xianming Yu, Jianjun Fudan Univ State Key Lab AS & Syst Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Xian Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Automat Xian 710121 Peoples R China Harbin Inst Technol Inst Future Informat Technol Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

In this article, we successfully realize 60-Gbps 50-m photonics-aided D-band IM/DD wireless transmission, enabling by a novel cross-reference-based (CRb) sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation method. We analyze it through theoretical derivation, simulation, and experimentation, enabling the BER of a 30-GBaud PAM-4 signal calculated from up to 2,998,272 continuous symbols within a 100-us time window meeting the 25% SD-FEC threshold. Besides, all the outcomes prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can enhance the performance of future optical wireless communication systems and other digital DSP-based communication systems.

关键词： Sampling frequency offset D-band Photonics-aided technology intensity modulation and direct detection Optical wireless integration

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Single-wavelength 100-Gbps PAM-4 TDM-ZR-PON supporting 80-km downstream transmission with Over 31-dB power budget enabled by BDFA and SFO compensation

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OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 2025年 189卷

作者： Long, Jianyu Wang, Chen Yu, Jianjun Sang, Bohan Yang, Xiongwei Chen, Yifan Zhang, Long Wu, Ying Wang, Ying Li, Yichen Wang, Kaihui Zhou, Wen Zhao, Li Wang, Tingyun Wen, Jianxiang Zhao, Feng Song, Yingxiong Wang, Yanyi Zhang, Jiao Zhu, Min Fudan Univ State Key Lab ASIC & Syst Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Nanjing 210003 Jiangsu Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Key Lab Specialty Fiber Opt & Opt Access Networks Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China Xian Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Elect Engn Xian 710121 Shaanxi Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211111 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Single-wavelength intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) passive optical networks (PONs) with less system costs and digital signal processing (DSP) complexity are still promising in the next generation of 100 Gbps PON systems, compared with the coherent scheme. In this paper, we propose to use a digital-interpolation-based sampling frequency offset (SFO) compensation method and bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) in a single-wavelength 100-Gbps PAM-4 80-km-reach time-division multiplexing-(TDM-)ZR-PON downstream transmission system in the O-band, achieving a power budget of 31.1 dB by experimental demonstration. The BDFA with lower nonlinearity compared to semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), ensures superior bit error rate (BER) performance for 50-GBaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals over 80-km standard single-mode-fiber (SSMF) transmission. Meanwhile, the proposed SFO compensation method maintains steady BER performance below the threshold, effectively addressing SFO up to 1000 ppm or payload durations up to 60 microseconds. In contrast, neglecting SFO or relying solely on the widely-used timing recovery Gardner method with near symbol interpolation proves insufficient for such scenarios. We also analyze SFO-induced inter-symbol interference (ISI) and demonstrate how it disrupts digital equalizers and universal clock recovery algorithms like Gardner's method.

关键词： Sampling frequency offset O-band Passive optical network intensity modulation and direct detection

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Real-time 60 Gb/s PS-64QAM SSB-DMT transceiver deploying a low-complexity distribution matcher in band-limited IM-DD system

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OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY 2025年 89卷

作者： Zhang, Long Yang, Xiongwei Wang, Kaihui Wang, Chen Sang, Bohan Long, Jianyu Ding, Junjie Zhang, Jiao Zhu, Min Yu, Jianjun Fudan Univ State Key Lab ASIC & Syst Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China China Purple Mt Labs Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China

In this work, we have implemented a low-complexity distribution matcher in real-time for bandwidth-limited intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). For the hardware implementation of probabilistic shaping (PS), a simple and effective distribution matcher is the key to achieving the symbol of the target probability. Compared to traditional PS distribution matchers, our proposed distribution matcher has lower hardware implementation complexity and only requires a small amount of look-up table and registers to achieve target probability distribution. Meanwhile, an optical tunable filter is used to generate single sideband discrete multitone (SSB-DMT) signals for 50-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission. By using PS technology and SSB modulation scheme, we successfully real-time realize 11GHz PS-64QAM SSB-DMT signals over 25/50-km SSMF transmission in band-limited IM-DD system, achieving a line rate of approximately 65.7 Gbit/s.

关键词： Probabilistic shaping Single sideband DMT Real-time intensity modulation and direct detection

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Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System

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SENSORS 2025年第8期25卷 2562-2562页

作者： Long, Jianyu Wang, Chen Wu, Ying Sang, Bohan Bian, Chengzhen Yang, Xiongwei Zhang, Long Chen, Yifan Zhang, Qinyi Wang, Ying Li, Yichen Zhou, Wen Wang, Kaihui Liu, Bo Shen, Lei Yu, Jianjun Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol State Key Lab AS & Syst Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Inst Opt & Elect Nanjing 210044 Peoples R China Yangtze Opt Fiber & Cable Joint Stock Ltd Co YOFC Wuhan 430073 Peoples R China

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) techniques provide significant enhancement of the capacity of optical intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) short-reach communication systems, like the datacenter interconnection scenarios. While the introduction of multiple modes leads to mode coupling that will extremely deteriorate the received signals, two approaches have been explored to address this issue: one involves the application of all-link weakly coupled components to suppress modal crosstalk, while the other utilizes optical multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) equalizers based on optical devices for signal decoupling. However, pure digital signal processing (DSP)-based schemes for mode decoupling in IM/DD MDM systems with strong mode coupling remain unexplored. In this paper, we propose to use a frequency-domain MIMO equalizer for compensating the modal interference in the strong-coupling linear-polarized (LP) MDM IM/DD system. The signal recovery capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation. Finally, we successfully experimentally demonstrate the transmission of on-off-key (OOK) signals in a six-LP-mode strong-coupling MDM IM/DD system over a 10 km few-mode fiber, employing a pair of strong-coupling mode multiplexers/demultiplexers. The experimental results indicate that, with the frequency-domain MIMO equalizer, OOK signals from all modes can be recovered with an 11% hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 8.3 x 10-3. The proposed method facilitated by flexible DSP software offers an alternative for short-reach communication systems and has the potential to advance the practical application of MDM techniques in the future.

关键词： digital signal processing intensity modulation and direct detection mode division multiplexing multiple-input-multiple-output equalizer

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2 x 53 Gbit/s PAM-4 Transmission Using 1.3 μm DML With High Power Budget Enabled by Quantum-Dot SOA

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IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2025年第1期37卷 1-4页

作者： Reza, Ahmed Galib Venkatasubramani, Lakshmi Narayanan Gautam, Anil Raj Lakshmijayasimha, Prajwal D. O'Carroll, John Phelan, Richard Byrne, Diarmuid Kelly, Brian Mikhrin, Vladimir S. Gubenko, Alexey Barry, Liam P. Dublin City Univ Sch Elect Engn Dublin Ireland Eblana Photon Ltd West Pier Business Campus Dublin A96 A621 Ireland Scantinel Photon D-89073 Ulm Germany Innolume GmbH D-44263 Dortmund Germany

We investigate the performance of 1.3 mu m directly modulated multiple-quantum-well strained AlGaInAs distributed feedback laser in an optically amplified wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) system for next-generation passive optical networks. We experimentally demonstrate 2x53 Gbit/s PAM-4 transmissions over 20 km of a single-mode fiber employing two 16-GHz bandwidth-limited directly-modulated lasers and compare the performance of quantum-well and quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in amplifying DWDM links. We successfully obtained the total power budget of 34 dB for each WDM channel using a quantum-dot SOA and 30-tap T-spaced feed-forward equalizer.

关键词： Semiconductor optical amplifiers Wavelength division multiplexing Stimulated emission Optical fiber amplifiers Passive optical networks Optical attenuators Gain Optical saturation Channel spacing Optical fibers directly modulated laser intensity modulation and direct detection PAM-m passive optical networks quantum-well quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier wavelength division multiplexing

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High-Performance SiGe Analog Multiplexer Enabling 176 GBd PAM-8 Transmission

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JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY 2025年第4期43卷 1881-1892页

作者： Hu, Qian Groezing, Markus Tannert, Tobias Borkowski, Robert Buchali, Fred Iannone, Pat Raybon, Gregory Chen, Xi Rademacher, Georg Ryf, Roland Nokia Bell Labs Murray Hill NJ 07974 USA Univ Stuttgart Inst Elect & Opt Commun D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Univ Stuttgart D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Rohde & Schwarz D-81671 Munich Germany Nokia Network Infrastruct Opt Networks D-70469 Stuttgart Germany

Analog multiplexer (AMUX) integrated circuits (ICs) expand the analog electrical bandwidth of transmitter frontends, enabling signal generation at ultrahigh symbol rates. In this work, we employ a SiGe AMUX which adopts a circuit topology optimized for signal linearity, supporting high-order modulation formats, such as multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). We discuss in detail the circuit design of the AMUX, including its AMUX core, clock path and output amplifier. We compare two circuit topologies with respect to power consumption, circuit complexity, clock strength and input-to-output linearity. We also perform theoretical analysis of signal impairments induced by misalignments between AMUX inputs to understand their impact on the integrity of the interleaved signal. Using this high-performance SiGe AMUX to drive an optical intensity modulator, we experimentally demonstrate generation and 2 km fiber transmission of different orders of PAM, up to PAM-8 at 176 GBd yielding a net bitrate of 467 Gbit/s.

关键词： Analog multiplexer intensity modulation and direct detection optical fiber communication SiGe integrated circuits Analog multiplexer intensity modulation and direct detection optical fiber communication SiGe integrated circuits

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