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Enhanced MPEG G-PCC: Addressing Challenges in the OBUF Entropy coding framework

APSIPA TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING 2025年第2期14卷

作者： Huo, Xiao Hao, Shidi Zhang, Wei Yang, Fuzheng Xidian Univ Sch Commun Engn Xian Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Elect & Informat Xian Peoples R China

The Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) has published the geometry-based point cloud compression (G-PCC) standard. It converts the compression of irregular point coordinates to the coding of structured binary octree node occupancy, where the Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic coding (CABAC) can be applied. The context model, constructed by intra and inter-octree layer information, drives the probability update of the arithmetic coder with a so-called Optimal Binarization with Update On-the-Fly (OBUF) scheme. The original OBUF design, while effective, lacks a probability range limitation for each binary coder, leading to issues in probability estimation accuracy and convergence speed. Moreover, when coding dynamic point clouds, the inter-frame information is not efficiently considered in OBUF, leading to excessive memory consumption for storing and tracking context states. To address these challenges, we propose an initialization strategy for both fine-grained context states (Fine-CtxS) and coarse-grained context states (Coarse-CtxS) in OBUF, alongside an adaptive probability bound determination method for each Coarse-CtxS to confine probability estimation. Furthermore, the paper delves into improvements for inter-frame geometry coding, including the construction of Fine-CtxS, and reducing memory consumption of Fine-CtxS in OBUF. The proposed methods have been adopted in recent G-PCC Edition 2 standardization activities, demonstrating enhanced performance.

关键词： point cloud compression context model inter-frame coding

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Screen image sequence compression method utilizing adaptive block size coding and hierarchical GOP structure

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Journal of Central South University 2010年第4期17卷 786-794页

作者：武星梅亮袭奇张申生陈延伟 School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Joint Institute of University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University College of Information Science and Engineerin g Ritsumeikan University

To compress screen image sequence in real-time remote and interactive applications,a novel compression method is *** proposed method is named as *** employs hybrid coding schemes that consist of intra-frame and inter-frame coding *** intra-frame coding is a rate-distortion optimized adaptive block size that can be also used for the compression of a single screen *** inter-frame coding utilizes hierarchical group of pictures(GOP) structure to improve system performance during random accesses and fast-backward *** results demonstrate that the proposed CABHG method has approximately 47%-48% higher compression ratio and 46%-53% lower CPU utilization than professional screen image sequence codecs such as TechSmith Ensharpen codec and Sorenson 3 *** with general video codecs such as H.264 codec,XviD MPEG-4 codec and Apple's Animation codec,CABHG also shows 87%-88% higher compression ratio and 64%-81% lower CPU utilization than these general video codecs.

关键词： screen image sequence compression adaptive block size hierarchical GOP structure intra-frame coding inter-frame coding

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Deep neural network based single pixel prediction for unified video coding

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NEUROCOMPUTING 2018年 272卷 558-570页

作者： Li, Honggui Trocan, Maria Yangzhou Univ Phys Coll Sci & Technol Yangzhou 225002 Jiangsu Peoples R China Inst Super Elect Paris Lab Informat Signal & Image Telecommun & Elect F-75006 Paris France

Classical video prediction methods exploit directly and shallowly the intra-frame, inter-frame and multi-view similarities within the video sequences;the proposed video prediction methods indirectly and intensively transform the frame correlations into nonlinear mappings by using a general deep neural network (DNN) with single output node. Traditional DNN based video prediction algorithms wholly and coarsely forecast the next frame, but the proposed video prediction algorithms severally and precisely anticipate single pixel of future frame in order to achieve high prediction accuracy and low computation cost. First of all, general DNN based prediction algorithms for intra-frame coding, inter-frame coding and multi-view coding are presented respectively. Then, general DNN based prediction algorithm for unified video coding is raised, which relies on the preceding three prediction algorithms. It is evaluated by simulation experiments that the proposed methods hold better performance than state of the art High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and bit per pixel (BPP) in the situation of low bitrate transmission. It is also verified by experimental results that the proposed general DNN architecture possesses higher prediction accuracy and lower computation load than those of conventional DNN architectures. It is further testified by experimental results that the proposed methods are very suitable for multi-view videos with small correlations and big disparities. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural network Video prediction Unified video coding Intra-frame coding inter-frame coding Multi-view coding

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A Novel Encoding Method for P-frames

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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2015年第1期81卷 1-10页

作者： Wang, Cui Kubota, Akira Hatori, Yoshinori Tokyo Inst Technol Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Sci & Engn Tokyo 152 Japan Chuo Univ Fac Sci & Engn Tokyo 112 Japan

In this paper, the feasibility and efficiency of non-causal prediction for P-frames is examined, and based on the findings, a new P-frame coding scheme is proposed. Motion-compensated inter-frame prediction, which has been used widely in low-bit-rate television coding, is an efficient method for reducing temporal redundancy in a sequence of video signals. To this end, the proposed scheme combines motion compensation with non-causal prediction based on an interpolative, but not Markov, representation. Nevertheless, energy dispersion occurs in the scheme as a result of the interpolative prediction transform matrix being non-orthogonal. To solve this problem, we have introduced a new conditional pel replenishment method. On the other hand, we have applied rotation scanning, which is also applied for feedback quantization, as a quantizer. Simulation results show that the proposed coding scheme achieves an approximate 44 dB when entropy is less than 1 bit/pixel.

关键词： Novel coding scheme inter-frame coding interpolative representation

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An Effective CU Depth Decision Method for HEVC Using Machine Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第11期39卷 275-286页

作者： Xuan Sun Pengyu Liu Xiaowei Jia Kebin Jia Shanji Chen Yueying Wu Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124China Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks Beijing100124China Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System Beijing100124China Department of Computer Science University of PittsburghPittsburgh15260USA School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Qinghai Nationalities University810007QinghaiChina

This paper presents an effective machine learning-based depth selection algorithm for CTU(coding Tree Unit)in HEVC(High Efficiency Video coding).Existing machine learning methods are limited in their ability in handling the initial depth decision of CU(coding Unit)and selecting the proper set of input features for the depth selection *** this paper,we first propose a new classification approach for the initial division depth *** particular,we study the correlation of the texture complexity,QPs(quantization parameters)and the depth decision of the CUs to forecast the original partition depth of the current ***,we further aim to determine the input features of the classifier by analysing the correlation between depth decision of the CUs,picture distortion and the *** the found relationships,we also study a decision method for the end partition depth of the current CUs using bit-rate and picture distortion as ***,we formulate the depth division of the CUs as a binary classification problem and use the nearest neighbor classifier to conduct *** proposed method can significantly improve the efficiency of interframe coding by circumventing the traversing cost of the division *** shows that the mentioned method can reduce the time spent by 34.56%compared to HM-16.9 while keeping the partition depth of the CUs correct.

关键词： HEVC inter-frame coding CU depth

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Error resilient video coding controlled by backward channel signaling

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SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION 1999年第6-8期14卷 531-540页

作者： Fukunaga, S Matsumura, Y Nakai, T Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd Res & Dev Grp Kansai Labs Chuo Ku Osaka 5406025 Japan

We have proposed an error resilient video coding system, which dynamically replaces reference pictures in inter-frame coding according to the backward channel signaling. This system can prevent the temporal error propagation, because the encoder would not use the erred picture as the reference picture. This system has two modes, one is ACK mode and the other is NACK mode. ACK mode is effective in more erroneous condition, and NACK mode is effective in less erroneous condition. In this paper, we explain both modes and focus on the mode switching mechanism according to the error condition on the network so that the optimal performance can be achieved in any error conditions by the proposed system. We show the performance of our proposed system compared with the previous version of ITU-T H.263, which did not have a reference picture selection mode, by a computer simulation as well. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： error resilience inter-frame coding reference picture backward channel acknowledgement signal (ACK/NACK)

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Performance analysis, parameter selection and extensions to H.264/AVC FRExt for high resolution video coding

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JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION 2011年第8期22卷 749-759页

作者： Deng, Chenwei Lin, Weisi Lee, Bu-sung Lau, Chiew Tong Sun, Ming-Ting Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore 639798 Singapore Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

H.264/AVC FRExt (Fidelity Range Extensions) and Motion JPEG 2000 are the current respective inter-frame and intra-frame coding standards for high resolution (HR) (e.g., 4096 x 2160) visual signals. It is commonly believed that an inter-frame method could achieve higher coding efficiency compared with an intra-frame one, due to the exploitation of video temporal redundancy. However, Motion JPEG 2000 has been selected as the digital cinema compression standard, and some existing work has demonstrated that JPEG 2000 is more suitable at HR situations. In this paper, we compare the rate-distortion (R-D) performance of these two different schemes and give more insight from both theoretical and experimental point of view. We derive an entropy-based R-D model to analyze the test results and the impact of residual entropy and quantization for inter-frame coding. Several extensions are introduced into H.264/AVC FRExt for HR video content for better performance. Experimental results show that these extensions lead to significantly higher coding efficiency and make our extended version more suitable for HR video coding (C) 2011 Elsevier inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： H.264/AVC FRExt Motion JPEG 2000 Video coding inter-frame coding Intra-frame coding High resolution Digital cinema Residual entropy

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A Fast CTU Depth Selection Algorithm for H.265/HEVC Based on Machine Learning 3

A Fast CTU Depth Selection Algorithm for H.265/HEVC Based on...

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IEEE 3rd international Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP)

作者： Xu, Chenrui Liu, Pengyu Wu, Yueying Jia, Kebin Dong, Wanqing Beijing Univ Technol Fac Informat Technol Beijing 100124 Peoples R China Beijing Lab Adv Informat Networks Beijing 100124 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Technol Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Future Internet Technol Beijing 100124 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Technol Beijing Key Lab Computat Intelligence & Intellige Beijing 100124 Peoples R China Beijing Traff Law Enforcement Team Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538663967

This paper presents a fast depth selection algorithm for CTU (frame coding units) based on machine learning. In view of the fast depth selection algorithm for CTU based on machine learning, due to the lack of the depth discrimination in the initial division of coding units and the inefficiencies of the coding efficiency caused by the input feature selection of the classifier, The paper firstly design the initial division depth prediction strategy based on the texture complexity and quantization parameters to skip some nonessential sizes of coding unit by analyzing the relationship between the texture complexity of the coding unit, the quantization parameters of encoder and the depth selection of the coding unit, and by combining the texture complexity and the quantization parameters to predict the initial dividing depth of the current coding unit. Secondly, by exploring the relationship between the bit-rate, distortion and the depth selection of the coding unit, the input characteristics of the classifier are determined and the selection strategy of the coding unit termination depth based on the bit rate and distortion is designed. Finally, the partition problem of the coding unit is modeled as the problem of the two-element classification and the nearest neighbor classifier is used. By skipping the calculation process of the time-consuming rate distortion cost, the ending dividing depth of the current coding unit can be judged in advance and accelerate the process of the inter-frame coding. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can decrease the 34.56% of the frame encoding time, while maintaining the accuracy of the coding unit compared with HM-15.0.

关键词： H.265/HEVC inter-frame coding CTU depth

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TEMPORAL CONDITIONAL coding FOR DYNAMIC POINT CLOUD GEOMETRY COMPRESSION 49

TEMPORAL CONDITIONAL CODING FOR DYNAMIC POINT CLOUD GEOMETRY...

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49th IEEE international Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Huang, Bowen Lazzarotto, Davi Ebrahimi, Touradj Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344868;9798350344851

Point clouds allow for the representation of 3D multimedia content as a set of disconnected points in space. Their inherent irregular geometric nature poses a challenge to efficient compression, a critical operation for both storage and transmission. This paper proposes a VAE-inspired codec tailored for dynamic point cloud geometry compression, taking advantage of a temporal autoregressive hyperprior to enhance compression performance. Specifically, features derived from adjacent point cloud frames help build a hyperprior for conditional entropy coding. Sparse convolutions are leveraged to reach higher computational efficiency when compared to 3D dense convolutions. Remarkably, the proposed approach achieves an average 60.2% BD-rate gain against the contemporary V-PCC compression standard from MPEG.

关键词： Point cloud compression variational autoencoder inter-frame coding

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Weighted prediction for HEVC

Weighted prediction for HEVC

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Conference on Visual Information Processing and Communication III

作者： Bordes, Philippe Thoreau, Dominique Salmon, Philippe Andrivon, Pierre Technicolor F-35576 Cesson Sevigne France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819489524

HEVC is the new video coding standard developed in a joint effort (JCT-VC) by ISO MPEG and ITU-T VCEG. As other state-of-the-art block-based inter-prediction codec, it is very sensitive to illumination variations in-between frames. To cope with this limitation, the weighted prediction (WP) tool has been proposed. A comparison of the performance of WP in HEVC and MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 is carried out. The efficiency of WP is very dependent on the quality of the estimated WP parameters. The different stages of state-of-art WP parameters estimators are discussed and a new algorithm is proposed. It is based on histogram matching with global motion compensation. Several options are evaluated and comparison is made with other existing methods.

关键词： HEVC compression inter-frame coding weighted prediction

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