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Non-Fungible Token Enhanced Blockchain-Based Online Social Network

IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 92368-92385页

作者： Jadon, Shruti Bhat, Karthikeya Jenni, Karthikeya R. Vedantha, Krishna Likith, R. R. Honnavalli, Prasad B. PES Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bengaluru 560085 India

In the current digital landscape, almost everyone is on social media or various social media platforms. People use social media for a plethora of purposes, which include staying connected with friends and family, accessing information and updates about ongoing events, entertainment, networking with professionals, expressing themselves to a wide range of users, promoting businesses, joining online communities and engaging in various activities which has led to an increase in the consumption and usage of online social networks (OSN). One of the reasons for such a growth is their features such as ubiquitous access, on-demand service, friendship networks, user engagement strategies like recommendation engines, etc. However, there are various limitations to the current approach, such as the centralization of control, lack of data ownership, poor access control, fake news, bot accounts, censorship, digital rights management issues, etc. To address these limitations, a paradigm shift is necessary. This paper aims to develop a social media application where every post can be converted to a Non-Fungible Token (NFT) and be sold to earn money. interplanetary file system (IPFS) is used as the decentralized storage. Algorithms for all the functionalities of the applications are given along with an algorithm for a reputation score for every user and their posts in social media are also proposed.

关键词： Blockchains Social networking (online) Nonfungible tokens Servers interplanetary file system Fake news Web sites Distributed information systems Open source software Artificial neural networks Cryptocurrency Online social network distributed social network blockchain non fungible tokens IPFS Ethereum

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Distributed storage scheme for encryption speech data based on blockchain and IPFS

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JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING 2023年第1期79卷 897-923页

作者： Zhang, Qiuyu Zhao, Zhenyu Lanzhou Univ Technol Sch Comp & Commun Lanzhou 730050 Peoples R China

Traditional centralized cloud storage has difficulties in realizing the secure storage and sharing of speech and other multimedia data, as well as realizing fine-grained access control and privacy protection for speech data. To address this problem, we propose a distributed storage scheme for encryption speech data based on blockchain and inter planetary file system (IPFS). Our scheme is based on the characteristics of blockchain anti-tampering, decentralization and traceability. It is designed to ensure the security and controllability of private sensitive speech data of data users without the use of centralized cloud storage architecture. First, the ciphertext policy hierarchical attribute-based encryption (CP-HABE) scheme is used to encrypt the speech data. The encrypted speech data is then stored in the IPFS to achieve distributed storage. Second, a distributed and trusted access control policy is implemented by deploying an access control protocol Ethereum smart contract related to speech attributes. Finally, the proposed scheme is deployed and tested in the Linux environment, and the smart contract is deployed on the Ethereum test chain. Through experimental comparison with different storage schemes, analysis of the operational properties of our scheme and the evaluation of the quality index of the encryption scheme, the proposed scheme is shown to reliable, secure and scalable.

关键词： Distributed storage Blockchain interplanetary file system Smart contract Speech data Ciphertext policy hierarchical attribute-based encryption

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Scalable EdgeIoT Blockchain Framework Using EOSIO

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 41763-41772页

作者： Ul Haque, Ehtisham Baig, M. Shamim Ahmed, Asad Ahmad, Ashfaq Alajmi, Masoud Ghadi, Yazeed Yasin Alkahtani, Hend Khalid Akhmediyarova, Ainur MY Univ Dept Comp Sci Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Taif Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Dept Comp Engn Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia Al Ain Univ Dept Comp Sci Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman Univ Coll Comp & Informat Sci Dept Comp Sci Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia Satbayev Univ Dept Comp Engn Alma Ata 050000 Kazakhstan

Widespread adoption of internet of things (IoT) for automation, monitoring and control in various engineering, business and industrial applications poses serious challenges of data security and cyber-attacks to IoT networks. Blockchain enabled IoT networks, due to their immutability, transparency, and accountability, are commonly employed to ensure safe and secure implementation of the IoT networks. However, blockchain technology is prone to degradation in performance and efficiency in the presence of large number of IoT devices and massive data generated by these networks and does not scale well with the growing size of the networks. This research proposes a Scalable EdgeIoT Blockchain (SEB) framework using EOSIO to enhance the performance and efficiency of the blockchain enabled IoT networks. The proposed framework leverages upon the concepts of sharding for parallel execution of smart contracts, Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) for consensus in the network with large number of devices and interplanetary file system (IPFS) for the data storage and management of massive data in the IoT networks. The proposed framework is implemented in the EOSIO blockchain. This study experiments show significant improvement in the throughput, latency and resource utilization compared to the state-of-the-art solutions in the blockchain enabled IoT networks.

关键词： Blockchains consensus algorithm the Internet of Things edge computing data sharding delegated proof of stake EOSIO interplanetary file system

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WikiChain: An improved resilient, pseudo-transparent knowledge base

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PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第1期18卷 1-24页

作者： Li, Guanjie Luan, Tom H. Zheng, Jinkai Hu, Dihao Cao, Jie Wu, YaLun Xidian Univ Sch Cyber Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Queens Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Kingston ON Canada Beijing Jiaotong Univ Beijing Key Lab Secur & Privacy Intelligent Trans Beijing Peoples R China

The traditional centralized knowledge base paradigm, exemplified by platforms like Wikipedia, grapples with numerous challenges like a solitary point of collapse, issues related to transparency, and potential integrity concerns in articles. To address these shortcomings, an innovative blockchain-enabled alternative is proposed which leverages the inherent features of transparency and decentralization offered by blockchain technology. This system ensures a secure and tamper-proof recording of articles by capitalizing on the unique attributes of blockchain. However, the integration of blockchain alone does not completely eradicate challenges, as instances of vandalism persist, and a robust validation process for articles within the system is lacking. To overcome these issues, our research aims to proactively prevent the inclusion of falsified articles by implementing a consortium blockchain by utilizing Contenders Selection (CS) and Dynamic Consortium Membership Determination (DCMD) algorithms. Furthermore, we address the challenge of missing articles from the interplanetary file system (IPFS) using Proof-of-Existence (POE) algorithm. This holistic solution is designed to significantly enhance the efficiency of the system and elevate the overall quality of articles. Our research presents promising results, with the percentage of approved articles compared to proposed articles falling within the range of 10-15%. Consequently, the data volume of the blockchain network in our system is 66.7% more effective than the existing decentralized Wikipedia model. Notably, the average block time of our proposed system exhibits a commendable 21% improvement compared to the existing system, emphasizing the potential for increased efficiency and reliability in our blockchain-enabled knowledge base.

关键词： Blockchain Wikipedia Knowledge base Decentralization Consortium blockchain interplanetary file system

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Blockchain-Based Medical Certificate Generation and Verification for IoT-Based Healthcare systems

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IEEE CONSUMER ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE 2023年第2期12卷 83-93页

作者： Namasudra, Suyel Sharma, Pratima Crespo, Ruben Gonzalez Shanmuganathan, Vimal Natl Inst Technol Patna Patna Bihar India Univ Int Rioja Logrono Spain Bennett Univ Noida Uttar Pradesh India Ramco Inst Technol Rajapalayam Tamil Nadu India

Nowadays, medical certificates are very important for many users as they want to avail health benefits like tax purposes, insurance claims, legal procedures, and many more. Generating, issuing, and maintaining medical certificates remain a significant problem;before the invention of the computer, they were available as hard copies. The digitization of medical certificates and documents leads to potential security issues, such as forging of certificates risks the privacy of healthcare documents. Moreover, individuals still need to be physically present and wait at the issuing healthcare centers to get the certificates. Currently, the infrastructure of any healthcare industry connects the Internet of Things (IoT) devices and application software that communicates with the information technology systems. Blockchain technology with IoT can significantly affect the healthcare industry by improving efficiency, security, transparency, and can provide more business opportunities. Therefore, a privacy-preserving technique has been proposed in this article for IoT-based healthcare systems using blockchain technology. The proposed architecture provides an interface between the users and healthcare centers to generate and maintain healthcare documents. Furthermore, the proposed scheme ensures security by specifying rules with a smart contract. Results and discussion show that the proposed scheme is more efficient than the existing schemes.

关键词： Medical services Blockchains Security Public key Medical diagnostic imaging Privacy Computer architecture Electronic Health Record Integrity interplanetary file system Gas BlockSim

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A study of a blockchain-based judicial evidence preservation scheme

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第2期5卷 151-162页

作者： Shuaiqi Liu Qingxiao Zheng Industry College of Blockchain Technology Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610103China

To address the challenges of low credibility,difficult data sharing,and regulatory supervision issues involving electronic evidence storage in the judicial preservation process,this paper proposes a blockchain-based judicial evidence preservation *** scheme utilizes the characteristics of blockchain’s immutability to achieve credible forensics of electronic evidence on the chain and employs the decentralized storage of the interplanetary file system for secure and efficient off-chain ***,it resolves the problem of declining throughput due to limited block ***,it leverages smart contract technology to encompass major aspects of the judicial process,including user case registration,authority management,judicial evidence uploading and downloading,case data sharing,partial disclosure of case information,and regulatory *** experiments demonstrate that the scheme significantly improves throughput and *** tests indicate that the transfer speed of the interplanetary file system can meet the data-sharing needs of judicial organizations.

关键词： Blockchain Judicial preservation Smart contracts interplanetary file system

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A Distributed Internet of Vehicles Data Privacy Protection Method Based on Zero-Knowledge Proof and Blockchain

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2024年第5期73卷 6332-6345页

作者： Jiang, Wenxian Lv, Xianglong Huaqiao Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Xiamen 361000 Peoples R China

Aiming at the existing problems of insufficient security and poor scalability of existing blockchain data management solutions for the Internet of Vehicles, we use IPFS distributed technology to design a data privacy protection method for the Internet of Vehicles based on zero-knowledge proof. First, we use the Schnorr identity authentication protocol, a classic non-interactive zero-knowledge proof scheme, to complete the authentication and authorization of vehicles by RSU under the premise of protecting vehicle privacy. Secondly, we store encrypted data on IPFS-based edge distributed servers, and use Hyperledger Fabric to store authentication records and data indexes, which solves the problem of insufficient blockchain scalability. Finally, in order to improve the controllability and security of the data, we use the proxy re-encryption mechanism to manage the Symmetric-key of the data, and let RSU act as a proxy to perform re-encryption. Compared with the existing schemes, the proposed scheme reduces the communication overhead of the vehicle identity authentication phase, which is only 1728 bits. And while improving the scalability of the blockchain, it also enhances the privacy protection of the data of the Internet of Vehicles.

关键词： Blockchains Authentication Protocols Internet of Vehicles Data privacy interplanetary file system Servers Zero-knowledge proof proxy re-encryption interplanetary file system blockchain

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Decentralized systems

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IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING 2022年第6期26卷 5-6页

作者： Christie, V. Samuel H. Kagal, Lalana Ricci, Alessandro Singh, Munindar P. North Carolina State Univ Sch Comp & Commun Raleigh NC 27695 USA MIT Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn I-47522 Cesena Italy

The articles in this special section focuses on decentralized systems. Our world is filled with decentralized systems, human society and organizations being the most familiar examples. In such systems, we see multiple loci of ownership or control, representing different parties or administrative domains. That is, the members of a decentralized system are, belong to, or represent different people or organizations. We use the term decentralized system to mean any system formed of autonomous entities, with a special interest in cases where the entities are heterogeneous. Autonomy here refers to the decision-making capacity of an entity, meaning that it decides for itself. In other words, autonomy reflects the freedom to act. Heterogeneity here refers to the design, construction, and configuration of an entity, meaning that it is potentially built on distinct grounds from any other entity. In other words, heterogeneity reflects the freedom of a designer to apply any reasoning method on any available information.

关键词： Special issues and sections Computational modeling interplanetary file system Programming Internet of Things Decentralized applications

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Distributed Ledger Technology-based land transaction system with trusted nodes consensus mechanism

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JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY-COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES 2022年第8期34卷 6414-6424页

作者： Yadav, Amrendra Singh Agrawal, Shivani Kushwaha, Dharmender Singh Motilal Nehru Natl Inst Technol Allahabad Dept Comp Sci & Engn Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh India

Blockchain technology is an emerging solution to various financial applications that require a secure and tamper-proof transactions system. One such application is the land registry. Management of transactions for land registration is a tedious task. It is highly insecure and subject to forgery land records, Issues in verification, mediators, etc. This article presents a scalable and novel property/land registration frame-work based on blockchain technology. The transparent and immutable nature of blockchain technology makes it reliable for intrusive and fraudulent land registration activities. The framework uses the interplanetary file system (IPFS), a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) swarm network. It allows the sharing and storing of data in an efficient, decentralized, and transparent manner. This article also proposes a Trusted Node Consensus Algorithm (TNCA) based on the miners' trust value that minimizes the computational over-head of broadcasting the new block. The proposed approach -trusted node consensus algorithm requires lesser time to add the block into the blockchain, and message exchange per consensus is 58.94% lesser than the traditional Proof-of-Work (PoW) approach and 26.44% lesser time than the existing load -balanced method. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Blockchain Peer-To-Peer computing interplanetary file system Distributed Ledger Technology Property transaction system Consensus mechanism

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Guest Editorial Cognitive Cyber-Physical systems With AI Based Solutions in Medical Informatics

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IEEE JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2023年第2期27卷 586-587页

作者： Sangaiah, Arun Kumar Wang, Xizhao Lin, Yi-Bing Jianwei, Niu Yuan, Xiaohui Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol Touliu Taiwan Shenzhen Univ Shenzhen Peoples R China Natl Chiao Tung Univ NCTU Hsinchu 30050 Taiwan Beihang Univ Beijing 10091 Peoples R China Univ North Texas Denton TX USA

All six papers in this special section engage in different streams but extremely relevant domain vectors of Cognitive Cyber-Physical systems (CCPS) with artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions in medical informatics. Highlights recent trends in the scientific community and presents emergent technologies, implementations, applications concerning the CPSS. CPSS is witnessing rapid transformation as an interdisciplinary technology that blends physical components and computing devices to enable AI-based solutions. CCPS will be playing a significant role that integrates machine learning/AI techniques and resulting in dramatic improvements for medical informatics and the future of human-augmentation. CPHMS coordinates supervisory medical systems and medical resources everywhere; there is a great scope towards health consciousness and healthy society. Medical Cyber-Physical systems (MCPS) in healthcare towards critical integration in network of medical devices. MCPS is the next generation computing that is comprised of tightly coupled computational and communication components of medical automation systems such as clinical decision, early detection of health infectious, disease prevention, rapid analysis of health hazards and so on. CCPS and MCPS research would be created new models, new design, and integration models for large scale systems in comprehensive, holistic medical automation systems. With recent enlargements in the big data processing, cognitive data science and AI, it is now possible to create even more realistic digital twins that properly model different operating situations and characteristics to process the medical intelligence systems.

关键词： Special issues and sections Cyber-physical systems Artificial intelligence Bioinformatics Cognition Medical services Machine learning Data augmentation Neural networks Biomedical imaging interplanetary file system Image segmentation Analytical models

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