programming of process control applications still represents a hard job. Reasons for this are mainly the following facts: • computer based process control systems contain mixed hardware as well as dedicated hardware, ...
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programming of process control applications still represents a hard job. Reasons for this are mainly the following facts: • computer based process control systems contain mixed hardware as well as dedicated hardware, • man/machine as well as process/machine communication are decisive parts of the whole system, and • dedicated real-time operating systems or rather real-time executives are often necessary instead of general purpose real-time operating systems. Another crucial problem is the availability of the (very expensive) computer scientists during the maintenance phase who developed the application software. Therefore it is of interest to enable the end-user to “describe” as well as to maintain his application himself. Obviously an end-user must have at his disposal a great amount of detailed basic knowledge in the area of computer science. For many applications the only way out of this situation is the interactive use of program generators which produce object programs from fill -in-the-blanks type source “programs”. However, this method up to now is not widely known, although employed by numerous users. A reason for this is that basic concepts of fill -in-the-blanks type languages and program generators are only incompletely published. In most cases the language was developed starting with an analysis of the application and the design of a fill-in-the-blanks language. Afterwards the same or another team worked on its implementation. Very often the outcome of such projects - know-how, tools and modules -are ignored in daughter projects. The paper surveys the basic principles of program generators with respect to its usage for process control systems.
Placting stress on 1) the use of heuristics or experiences of an expert and 2) the interactive use of microcomputers or personal computers, some of the new trends are reviewed and discussed in systems approach especia...
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Placting stress on 1) the use of heuristics or experiences of an expert and 2) the interactive use of microcomputers or personal computers, some of the new trends are reviewed and discussed in systems approach especially in the field of interactive modeling of large scale systems, system failure diagnosis by use of knowledge engineering techniques, multiple criteria decision making and gaming system for complex problems
Despite the rising commodification of heritage sites and practices, children engagement in their own cultures remains incredibly low, greatly endangering the future preservation of nations' unique nonrenewable res...
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Despite the rising commodification of heritage sites and practices, children engagement in their own cultures remains incredibly low, greatly endangering the future preservation of nations' unique nonrenewable resource. Considering children's very early engagement with cultural attitudes and identities, it is increasingly critical to develop a deeply rooted culture of responsibility and conservation from the earliest years, ensuring that children naturally feel invested in their surroundings. Unfortunately, heritage education remains largely undervalued, with most efforts relying on in-person experiences in formal cultural institutions. This paper thus aims to explore how heritage education can be redefined, using some of the most innovative virtual imaging and artificial reality technologies to at once expand access and engagement with one's own history. Though there have been introductory applications of this edutainment multimedia technology, it will require a multidisciplinary team to create heritage programming which is as entertaining as it is intellectually challenging for young children. With the rich resources of 3D imaging and interactive programming already at our disposal, we are well-equipped to do so, given a coordinated effort.
interactive programming systems often contain help commands to give the programmer on-line instruction regarding the use of the various systems commands. It is argued that it would he relatively easy to make these hel...
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interactive programming systems often contain help commands to give the programmer on-line instruction regarding the use of the various systems commands. It is argued that it would he relatively easy to make these help commands significantly more helpful by having them accept requests in natural language. As a demonstration, Weizenbaum's ELIZA program has been provided with a script that turns it into a natural language system consultant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
One of the difficulties faced in implementing information management and retrieval systems is that each case seems to present its own special complexities. As a result information retrieval systems typically fall behi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450373449
One of the difficulties faced in implementing information management and retrieval systems is that each case seems to present its own special complexities. As a result information retrieval systems typically fall behind their programming schedule and have many bugs when delivered. In this paper a set of basic operations on types of files are defined. These operations are intended to fulfill the same role for information retrieval systems programmers that functions such as LOG(X) fill for mathematical applications programmers.. they should make the job very much easier. The file operations have been implemented as a run-time package written in FORTRAN IV and Burroughs Extended Algol. The approach has been used to develop three different information management systems; an APL interactive computing system, a generalized information retrieval system, and a specialized information retrieval system for map oriented data. These systems are described.
Turing’s work on computability served as the founding theoretical framework for computer science. It aimed at formalizing the intuitive notion of algorithm and gave birth to the concepts of logical automaton and abst...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450383776
Turing’s work on computability served as the founding theoretical framework for computer science. It aimed at formalizing the intuitive notion of algorithm and gave birth to the concepts of logical automaton and abstract machine. The latter are used to evaluate the expressiveness of programming languages. However, current systems are difficult to model within an algorithmic framework and question the relevance of the classical model. The systems we know are indeed characterized by continuous interactions between human agents, physical and computational processes. programming these interactive systems requires to specify causal relationships between processes, and not simply the execution of computation. In this paper, we propose to define an equivalent of the classical abstract machine, to model programmable interactive systems. Based on our distinction between computation programming and interaction programming and previous theoretical works that have questioned the classical framework, we elicit the minimal requirements of an abstract machine for interaction. This work is a fist step toward an interactive model to evaluate the expressivity of interaction-oriented languages.
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