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interface microstructure and Properties of 42CrMo/Cr5 Vacuum Billet Forged Composite Roll

MATERIALS 2025年第1期18卷 122-122页

作者： Li, Ming Luo, Zongan Zhou, Hongyu Yang, Jingsong Xie, Guangming Wang, Guodong Liu, Jikui Han, Weiguo Xin, Shengpeng Northeastern Univ State Key Lab Rolling & Automat 3 Wenhua Rd Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Sinosteel Xing Tai Mech Roll Co Ltd State Key Lab Roll Composite Mat 1 Xinxing West St Xingtai 054000 Peoples R China

Composite roll produced through casting methods typically remain in the as-cast state after forming. During the preparation process, extended exposure to high temperatures often results in microstructural coarsening at the interface and surface layers, restricting their mechanical performance. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel vacuum billet forging process for the fabrication of composite rolls. By integrating numerical simulations with experimental validation, we successfully prepared a 42CrMo/Cr5 composite roll. The comprehensive characterization of the interface, including microstructure, elemental distribution, grain texture, grain type, and mechanical properties, was conducted using OM, SEM, EPMA, EBSD, Vickers hardness testing, and a universal testing machine. The relationship between the interface microstructure and mechanical performance was systematically analyzed. The results indicate that complete metallurgical bonding at the interface was achieved with an upsetting reduction ratio of 40% and a single-pass elongation reduction ratio of less than 10%. The interfacial microstructure consisted of four zones: the roll core exhibited lamellar pearlite and blocky ferrite;the diffusion layer near 42CrMo featured pearlite;the diffusion layer near Cr5 contained pearlite and Cr carbides;the Cr5 layer contained fine lamellar pearlite with a greater amount of dispersed Cr carbides. Significant diffusion of Cr and Ni elements was observed, with Cr diffusion extending to 70-90 mu m. The interface grains experienced substantial deformation and recrystallization, enhancing the bonding strength. Tensile tests indicated that fracture occurred on the 42CrMo side, with yield and tensile strengths of 371 MPa and 729 MPa, respectively. The microhardness of the composite interface gradually increased from 190 HV to 305 HV without abrupt changes. A significant hardness difference was observed on both sides of the interface, while the variation within the diffusio

关键词： composite roll vacuum billet interface microstructure forging process numerical simulation

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interface microstructure and Numerical Simulation Investigations of Ni/TC18 Composite Tube Fabricated by Explosive Welding

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE 2025年第7期34卷 5735-5750页

作者： Zhou, Jianan Luo, Ning Jiang, Li Liang, Hanliang Zhao, Yang Sun, Weifu Cai, Chao Zhou, Huize China Univ Min & Technol Sch Mech & Civil Engn State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol State Key Lab Explos Sci & Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Natl Key Lab Remfg Beijing 100072 Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Elect Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China

The larger diameter Ni/TC18 bimetallic composite tube was successfully manufactured by explosive welding. The bonding interface waveform structure and the distribution of interfacial elements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. To examine the layered phase structure of the transition interface, transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy were conducted. The characterization results showed different levels of grain refinement and metal phase layering structures within the bonding interface. Within the transition interface, there is a significant amount of spherical nano-Ni3Ti phase and a small amount of nano-twinned Ni4Ti phase on the left side. On the right side, there is NiTi phase and a small amount of willow Ti phase. The interface strength and plastic deformation ability were improved due to the mixed nano-grains and twins, as well as the sputtered willow Ti grains. These key findings can reveal the microstructure characteristics at the interface of the composite tube which is made of rare metal with a large diameter. The process of creating the composite tube through explosive welding was simulated using three-dimensional numerical methods, and the pressure changes and velocity evolution in different directions during the welding process were obtained.

关键词： explosive welding interface microstructure Ni/TC18 composite numerical simulation phase composition distribution

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interface microstructure and abrasive wear properties of WC-iron matrix composites with Ni, Mo, Fe added to the preforms

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 2023年 24卷 4218-4231页

作者： Zhang, Fei Gou, Haojie Zhang, Wengao Huang, Qinyuan Li, Zulai Wei, He Chong, Xiaoyu Sui, Yudong Wu, Xing Shan, Quan Kunming Univ Sci & Technol Fac Mat Sci & Engn Kunming 650093 Peoples R China Kunming Univ Sci & Technol Fac Mech & Elect Engn Kunming 650550 Peoples R China

WC particles with high hardness and high wear resistance were commonly used to manufacture various wear-resistant parts. In this paper, different alloying elements Ni, Mo and Fe were added to WC particles to produce the preforms, and then the cast method was used to prepare the WC-iron matrix composite. The interface microstructure of the com-posites was observed, and the abrasive wear properties were tested. The results showed that the interface transition layer of metallurgical bonding was produced in the composites under different alloy elements. The microstructure of the composites was mainly con-tained WC, Fe3W3C, Fe6W6C, M7C3 and a-Fe, and the carbides of the interface transition layer were Fe3W3C and M7C3. The width of interface transition layer was significantly different, and the width was the largest with Ni added. The work of adsorption between WC (0001) and Fe3W3C (100) was obtained by first principles calculation as 0.0086 (J/m2) and the interfacial energy as 6.8202 (J/m2). Compared with Fe and Mo, the composite with Ni addition has the smallest wear weight loss and the best wear resistance, which was mainly related to the hardness of different zones of the composite and the interface transition layer formed after adding alloy elements.& COPY;2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： WC-Iron matrix composites First principle interface microstructure Abrasive wear properties

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interface microstructure and phase constitution of AA1060/TA2/SS30408 trimetallic composites fabricated by explosive welding

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 2022年 18卷 564-576页

作者： Liang, Hanliang Luo, Ning Chen, Yanlong Wang, Guiji Wang, Jinxiang China Univ Min & Technol State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol State Key Lab Explos Sci & Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Mech & Civil Engn Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Peoples R China China Acad Engn Phys Inst Fluid Phys Mianyang 621999 Sichuan Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Natl Key Lab Transient Phys Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China

Multilayer metal composites based on dissimilar metals and alloys have great application value for many industries and key equipment because of excellent comprehensive properties. In this work, the AA1060/TA2/SS30408 trimetallic composites were successfully prepared by explosive welding technology. The 2D and 3D interface microstructure were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM) and computer tomography (CT). Meanwhile, to revel the phase constitution of two joining interfaces, the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was carried out. It was concluded that both the Al/Ti and Ti/SS joining interfaces present typical wavy structures without obvious defects, an excellent bonding quality was confirmed. In addition, the 3D restructured interface morphologies indicated the characteristics looks like ripple and desert after the wind, which may be related to propagation direction of the impact wave. Furthermore, the phase constitution results show that the recrystallization and strong textures occurred at the two joining interfaces.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： China Explosive welding Trimetallic composite interface microstructure Phase constitution

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interface microstructure morphology and formation evolution mechanism of Al-1060/Cu-T2 composites fabricated by explosive welding method

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COMPOSITE interfaceS 2022年第5期29卷 465-485页

作者： Liang Hanliang Luo Ning Chen Yanlong Wang Jinxiang Wang Guiji Zhai Cheng Li Xiaojie China Univ Min & Technol State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Mech & Civil Engn Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Natl Key Lab Transient Phys Nanjing Peoples R China China Acad Engn Phys Inst Fluid Phys Mianyang 621999 Sichuan Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Safety Engn Xuzhou Jiangsu Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Dept Engn Mech Dalian Peoples R China

Aluminum-copper composite is an attractive candidate for electronic industry and power industry because of excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. In this work, the explosive welding technique was successfully employed to prepare the Al/Cu composite. The interface microstructure morphology was characterized using the optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FSEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Meanwhile, the interface formation evolution process was simulated using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The experimental results indicated that the joining interface presents a typical wavy structure and formed melted zones in the vortex region. The formation of intermetallic compounds and strong texture were confirmed at the vortex region. The simulation results revealed the interface formation evolution characteristics and mechanism, and obtained a wavy joining interface, which are in good agreement with experimental results.

关键词： Al cu composite explosive welding interface microstructure EBSD numerical simulation

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The Effects of Cu Powder on the interface microstructure Evolution of Hot-Rolled Al 6061/Mg M21/Al 6061 Composite Plates During Annealing

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MATERIALS 2025年第3期18卷 655-655页

作者： Yang, Na Jiang, Xianquan Zhang, Ruihao Li, Jian Zheng, Kaihong Pan, Fusheng Southwest Univ Sch Mat & Energy Tiansheng Rd 2 Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Guizhou Univ Engn Sci Sch Mech Engn Xueyuan Rd 1 Bijie 551700 Peoples R China Guangdong Acad Sci Inst New Mat Changxing Rd Guangzhou 510650 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Chongqing 400045 Peoples R China

This study achieved the successful creation of a 6061/M21/6061 composite sheet, with Cu powder incorporated in the middle, through a two-pass hot roll bonding process. The effect of Cu powder addition on interface microstructure evolution of Mg-Al composite plate during annealing was studied. The results show that the incorporation of copper powder significantly suppresses the formation of Mg-Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the boundary of Al-Mg bonded plates. The IMCs' thickness of composite plate Mg-Al interface absent Cu powder increased from 7.0 mu m at 250 degrees C to 61.2 mu m at 400 degrees C, showing a rapid growth trend. On the contrary, in the area with Cu powder of composite plate containing Cu powder, when the temperature ranges from 250 degrees C to 350 degrees C, the Mg-Al diffusion layer is thin and only varies between 1 mu m and 3.2 mu m and, even when the temperature rises to 400 degrees C, the diffusion layer is only 18.8 mu m. At a constant temperature, the diffusion rate of IMCs in the Cu powder-containing region of the composite plate is significantly lower than that in the region without Cu powder. Upon the addition of Cu powder, Al2Cu and Al0.92Cu1.08Mg phases are formed, which decrease the proportion of the brittle phases Al3Mg2 and Mg17Al12 at the composite plate interface, thereby effectively mitigating the diffusion of IMCs within the Mg-Al interface. This presents a novel concept for the investigation of enhanced interface bonding and the fabrication of Mg-Al composite plates.

关键词： Al-Mg composite plate interface microstructure annealing temperature Cu powder

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Flow characteristics, ANN-based prediction, 3D processing map, and interface microstructure of titanium/stainless steel bimetallic composite

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 2024年 29卷 2918-2935页

作者： Wei, Zhenxiong Gao, Qiang Su, Xixi Feng, Zhanhao Ma, Binghui He, Fangzhou Peng, Lin Li, Jun Zu, Guoyin Northeastern Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Key Lab Lightweight Struct Mat Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China PanGang Grp Res Inst Co Ltd Chengdu 610031 Sichuan Peoples R China

To investigate the hot deformation characteristics, workability, and interfacial microstructure of the titanium/ steel bimetallic composite, hot compression simulations were carried out on the TA1/SUS430 composite within the temperatures of 750 degrees C-1050 degrees C, accompanied by strain rates spanning from 0.01 s(-1)-10 s(-1). The hyperbolic sine Arrhenius constitutive equation and back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model for flow stresses of this bimetallic composite were developed. 2D and 3D hot processing maps were established to study processability. The results revealed the calculated average activation energy (Q) was 277.9671 kJ/mol. The BPANN model demonstrated higher prediction accuracy than the Arrhenius model, with a correlation coefficient (R-2) of 0.99947. As the strain increases, the area of the unstable region in the processing map expands, and the failure mode is characterized by the formation of microcracks at the bonded interface. Interfacial exfoliation manifested under elevated temperature and high strain rate deformation conditions. High power dissipation (eta) values were observed within the processing parameters of 875 degrees C-950 degrees C/0.01 s(-1)-0.03 s(-1). The bimetal exhibited superior deformation coordination at low strain rates. TiC predominantly constituted the interface products at lower temperatures, while at higher temperatures, phases containing both Fe and Ti dominated. Furthermore, the deformed steel stratum manifested a pronounced cubic orientation <001>//CD and a less dominant recrystallized gamma orientation. This gamma texture attenuated progressively with increased deformation temperatures, while the strain rate has less impact.

关键词： Deformation characteristic Constitutive equation BP-ANN model Workability interface microstructure Texture evolution

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Experimental and numerical investigation on interface microstructure and phase constitution of radiation resistant Pb/316L stainless steel explosive welded composite plate

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 2023年 24卷 2562-2574页

作者： Liang, Hanliang Chen, Yanlong Luo, Ning Wang, Jinxiang Li, Xiaojie China Univ Min State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Mech & Civil Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Natl Key Lab Transient Phys Nanjing 210094 Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Dept Engn Mech Dalian 116024 Peoples R China

As one of the shielding materials, lead (Pb) and its alloy exhibit excellent ray absorption and radiation shielding ability due to its high density and atomic mass. In this work, the explosive welding technique was successfully performed to join Pb/316L dissimilar metals. To revel the microstructure characteristics and phase constitution of the joining interface, the electron backscattered diffraction test and numerical simulation were carried out. It was concluded that the slight waveform structure without obvious defects or cracks was obtained at the explosive welded interface. The fine grains zone, sub-grains and twin structures were formed due to the severe plastic deformation. Meanwhile, the recrystallized structures, substructures and deformed structures were also confirmed at the joining interface during the high strain rate impact. In addition, five different deformation textures and recrystallization textures were confirmed due to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization. Furthermore, the numerical simulation results also showed a slight waveform structure at the Pb/316L explosive welded interface, which was consistent with the experimental results.& COPY;2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Pb 316L stainless steel Explosive welding interface microstructure Phase constitution Numerical simulation

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The interface microstructure and phase constitution of Nb/316L composite plates fabricated by explosive welding

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING 2023年第7期28卷 598-607页

作者： Liang, Hanliang Luo, Ning Chen, Yanlong Yao, Yingkang Wang, Jinxiang Jiang, Li Chen, Xiang Jianghan Univ Hubei Key Lab Blasting Engn Wuhan Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol State Key Lab Geomech & Deep Underground Engn Xuzhou Peoples R China China Univ Min & Technol Sch Mech & Civil Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol Natl Key Lab Transient Phys Nanjing Peoples R China

Niobium has a reputation for its superior superconducting, high strength and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. In this work, the explosive welding technique was successfully performed to join Nb/316L dissimilar metals. To reveal the phase constitution and texture distribution at the joining interface, the EBSD test was carried out. It was concluded that an irregular large wavy structure of fine crystal, sub-grains and twin structures was formed. In addition, the recrystallised structures, substructures, deformed structures and local internal stress at the joining interface were attributed to severe plastic deformation and rapid solidification of liquid metal. Furthermore, six different deformation textures and recrystallisation textures were confirmed at the joining interface due to severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallisation.

关键词： Niobium 316L explosive welding interface microstructure phase constitution texture

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Cross wedge roll bonding process for laminated shafts forming: interface microstructure, bonding mechanism, and parameter influence

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 2023年第1期317卷

作者： Lin, Longfei Peng, Wenfei Zhu, Shuai Wu, Zhijun Zhu, Jian Shao, Yiyu Li, He Oleksandr, Moliar Titov, Viacheslav Ningbo Univ Fac Mech Engn & Mech Ningbo 315211 Peoples R China Ningbo Univ Zhejiang Key Lab Part Rolling Technol Ningbo 315211 Peoples R China Natl Tech Univ Ukraine Dept Mech Mat Plast & Resource Saving Proc UA-03056 Kiev Ukraine 818 Fenghua Rd Ningbo 315211 Peoples R China

Because of the common knowledge that the inner material of shafts is "dead weight" and plays a minor role in transmitting torque, a novel cross wedge roll bonding (CWRB) process is proposed to combine the advantage of efficient manufacturing and high performance for drive shafts. In this study, the principle of CWRB process was expounded in detail, in which a bimetallic billet can be directly rolled into a laminated shaft. Because the bonding behavior of CWRB shaft is driven by a complex three-dimensional deformation caused by uneven alternating stresses, the FE models, rolling trials, and performance characterizations were performed to sys-tematically study the interface quality, bonding mechanism, and parameter influence. Eighteen groups of physical experiments were performed to directly investigate the bonding quality of 42CrMo/Q235 laminated shafts. The corresponding FE models were constructed to reveal the bonding mechanism of CWRB interface by analyzing the stress and strain. The results reveal that the rolled 42CrMo/Q235 interface can be metallurgically combined under the action of a large radial compressive stress, and its microstructure undergoes interface bending, grain nucleation, and metallurgical integration. Although some rolled shafts have the defects such as interface debonding and central cracking, the rolled bimetal shafts were well combined under the reasonable parameters. The new CWRB process can be estimated to have industrial applications in high-end equipment in a low-cost manner. In addition, the bonding mechanism of CWRB process will be beneficial for fundamental research on bonding behavior of plastic deformation.

关键词： Cross wedge roll bonding Cross wedge rolling Laminated shaft Bonding mechanism interface microstructure

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